From robin@xxxxxxx.xxx.xxx Mon Sep 27 01:58:52 1999 X-Digest-Num: 245 Message-ID: <44114.245.1346.959273825@eGroups.com> Date: Mon, 27 Sep 1999 11:58:52 +0300 From: Robin Turner >> robin 09/27/99 09:01 >>> From: Robin Turner la pityr. cusku di'e > I would guess from the fact that tense markers are possible between "lo" > and its selbri indicates that the meaning of "lo P" without any tense > marker on P has the same tense connotations as "da cu P", i.e. the tense > under which P is true is simply unspecified. > > So AFAICT, "lo P cu Q" means exactly the same as "lo Q cu P"; > both mean "some X, Tense1, Tense2: P(X, Tense1) & Q(X, Tense2)". .ieru'e In classical semantic terms, this holds: lo gerku cu barda = at least one thing which is a dog, is big lo barda cu gerku = at least one thing which is big, is a dog But in terms of pragmatics (or cognitive semantics) there is a difference, at least in English. "Big dog" is not the intersection of the set of big things and the set of dogs, but a dog which is big _by the standard of dogs_. Similarly a small galaxy is not a small thing. How Lojban handles this, I'm not sure. We can assume that lo gerku cu barda is implicitly lo gerku cu barda fi lo'i gerku but to read lo barda cu gerku as lo barda be fi lo'i gerku cu gerku takes a bit more imagination. co'o mi'e robin. To unsubscribe, send mail to lojban-unsubscribe@onelist.com