Received: from mail-wi0-f189.google.com ([209.85.212.189]:55353) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1S2fWU-0007v7-DX; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:08:38 -0800 Received: by wibhq12 with SMTP id hq12sf1979659wib.16 for ; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:08:25 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=x-beenthere:received-spf:received-spf:mime-version:in-reply-to :references:date:message-id:subject:from:to:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender :list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=KW6I/WRefmAO/6LNMbkATQLBd9aA+C6/u1bMAZswV1U=; b=Ye+pFi6hT1w4XbeypoAw0ROTXWiGqKzE3snN072SA6UZsPTIj1ap5K71wygIPHbhmT iepAm/1/R/ZhuVcKtYBCeK6etV4iXaWfWdM8ODfBaQvma3TMjDvJOQ7Pazn+x/JItYC8 tgFauOzaRd1PKZrtqGiCBznW0PZOvdj23/ttM= Received: by 10.216.136.91 with SMTP id v69mr1504717wei.4.1330506480243; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:08:00 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.180.14.231 with SMTP id s7ls9831464wic.2.canary; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.180.93.68 with SMTP id cs4mr711375wib.3.1330506478588; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.180.93.68 with SMTP id cs4mr711374wib.3.1330506478546; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-wi0-f170.google.com (mail-wi0-f170.google.com [209.85.212.170]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id y10si6900881wiy.3.2012.02.29.01.07.58 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of sonarman.77@gmail.com designates 209.85.212.170 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.85.212.170; Received: by mail-wi0-f170.google.com with SMTP id hj13so955411wib.1 for ; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of sonarman.77@gmail.com designates 10.180.92.34 as permitted sender) client-ip=10.180.92.34; Received: from mr.google.com ([10.180.92.34]) by 10.180.92.34 with SMTP id cj2mr7768522wib.20.1330506478533 (num_hops = 1); Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.180.92.34 with SMTP id cj2mr6259247wib.20.1330506478214; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.223.75.143 with HTTP; Wed, 29 Feb 2012 01:07:58 -0800 (PST) In-Reply-To: References: <20175076.35.1329644296130.JavaMail.geo-discussion-forums@ynlt17> Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2012 23:07:58 -1000 Message-ID: Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] Re: questions about 'cu' From: Patrick To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com X-Original-Sender: sonarman.77@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of sonarman.77@gmail.com designates 209.85.212.170 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=sonarman.77@gmail.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 300742228892 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=f46d043892b5015e8a04ba16aefd X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.7 X-Spam_score_int: -6 X-Spam_bar: / --f46d043892b5015e8a04ba16aefd Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Well, I wouldn't say that "ca" (or any of selma'o PU) can replace "cu" unambiguously. Take the following sentence: lo ca klama ca pinxe In this case, the first "ca" attaches to the sumti to make it mean something like "the one currently going", where the second "ca" attaches to the selbri of the entire bridi, for a total meaning of "the one currently going is currently drinking", possibly alluding to someone drinking while driving or biking. In other words: I believe Mr. Jones is right ("cu isn't needed in those cases"), but just left what those cases are a little cague. "cu" always serves to point out the main selbri relationship in the sentence. Think of it like an indicator. Lojban is a strange language to all of us, and we can all sometimes use a little help picking out the verb in an English sentence. That's what "cu" does, basically. Don't think about it that other cmavo can "replace" it, because you can always have "cu", it's just sometimes superfluous. You can say "le tavla ku cu barda" without being wrong, but it's just unnecessarily clunky. My general tendency when learning was to always assume I had to have a "cu", and then work out ways to avoid it as I learned other terminators or tricks. mi'e .tavic. On Tue, Feb 28, 2012 at 4:15 PM, Jonathan Jones wrote: > ca and friends (PU) can only appear before a selbri, so cu isn't needed in > those cases. So, yes, you can replace it. > > However, PU is more useful than as merely a cu replacement. > > For example: > {mi klama ca lo bavlamdei lonu penmi lo pu pampe'o}, "I'm going to see my > former girlfriend tomorrow." > > > On Tue, Feb 28, 2012 at 6:54 PM, RexScientiarum wrote: > >> I am not sure I am even to a point where I want to worry about ku and >> terminators just yet. >> >> Anyway, is it correct to replace {cu} with {ca} to show that something >> is happening 'right now'? I was searching through some sentences >> using lojbo jufsisku (great resource) and came across a sentence using >> it so I put it in jbofi'e and looked it up in jbovlaste (more great >> resources) that is how I am guessing {ca} is used from what I learned >> there. I can't find anything in Lojban For Beginners or Lojban >> Reference Grammar on using {ca} although I may have missed it. >> >> Anyway, this is the sentence I found on lojbo jufsisku: "do ca catlu >> lo va tricu" which is says is supposed to translate as: "You're >> looking at that tree." >> >> sia ki'e >> >> -RexScientiarum >> >> On Feb 20, 9:52 am, Adam Lopresto wrote: >> > Just to further what others have said, and try to make it more concrete, >> > you can achieve anything without {cu}, but sometimes at the expense of >> > adding terminators. Your example is splendid. If we wanted to omit >> {cu}, we >> > could instead use >> > >> > .iure'e le cevni ku kurji ko >> > >> > (using the actual terminator for LE in place of the catch-all {cu}), or >> we >> > could rearrange things so we wouldn't need any separator at all. >> > >> > .iure'e le cevni ko kurji >> > >> > All of them are valid, all mean exactly the same thing, and your style >> is >> > entirely your choice. The last form is the shortest, and matches my >> > personal style. The {ku} version may be better as you're getting the >> hang >> > of terminators. The {cu} version has the marginal benefit of explicitly >> > marking the selbri, instead of relying on the listener to know that >> we've >> > gotten to that level (I've heard people praise that, again in more >> > complicated examples where it makes a difference). TMTOWTDI >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 12:27 PM, Lee Carlson >> wrote: >> > > My thanks. I created a farewell, based on my spiritual path's "blessed >> > > be," which I render as *iure'e le cevni cu kurji ko* by which I mean >> > > "with spiritual love I direct you to act in such a way that your >> perception >> > > of god (the divine) cares about/for you." Have I accomplished my goal? >> > >> > > mi'o mi'e brais >> > >> > > On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 10:03 AM, Michael Turniansky < >> > > mturnian...@gmail.com> wrote: >> > >> > >> Yes, don't let lindar and his dialect contingent mislead you. It >> DOES >> > >> serve a purpose, but it can be worked around, as well. Its purpose >> is to >> > >> mark which word/phrase in a bridi that is the main relationship. >> Can it be >> > >> worked around? Yes, but as Pierre mentioned, it means properly >> closing off >> > >> all open structures before then. >> > >> > >> So, what would you use in its place? That depnds entirely on what >> > >> needs terminating. If nothing needs closing, the you don't need it. >> > >> > >> --gejyspa >> > >> > >> On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 7:21 AM, Lee Carlson >> wrote: >> > >> > >>> And here I was told that without cu one of my favorite statements >> made >> > >>> no sense at all. So what is it: does cu serve a purpose, or not? If >> not, >> > >>> then what would I use in it's place? >> > >> > >>> mi'o brais >> > >> > >>> On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 3:38 AM, Lindar >> wrote: >> > >> > >>>> The short answer: >> > >>>> It's never necessary. NEVER. >> > >>>> It's a handy shortcut sometimes. >> > >>>> Learn to do without it at first or your grammar will suck. >> > >> > >>>> -- >> > >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >> > >>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >> > >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >> > >>>>https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban-beginners/-/CuzwB6IY5XEJ. >> > >> > >>>> To post to this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> > >>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> > >>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> > >>>> For more options, visit this group at >> > >>>>http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> > >> > >>> -- >> > >>> The World is a magical place, waiting for our senses to grow >> sharper. >> > >> > >>> -- >> > >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >> > >>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >> > >>> To post to this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> > >>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> > >>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> > >>> For more options, visit this group at >> > >>>http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> > >> > >> -- >> > >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >> Groups >> > >> "Lojban Beginners" group. >> > >> To post to this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> > >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> > >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> > >> For more options, visit this group at >> > >>http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> > >> > > -- >> > > The World is a magical place, waiting for our senses to grow sharper. >> > >> > > -- >> > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >> Groups >> > > "Lojban Beginners" group. >> > > To post to this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> > > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> > > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> > > For more options, visit this group at >> > >http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Lojban Beginners" group. >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> >> > > > -- > mu'o mi'e .aionys. > > .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o > (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Lojban Beginners" group. > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. --f46d043892b5015e8a04ba16aefd Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Well, I wouldn't say that "ca" (or any of selma'o PU) can= replace "cu" unambiguously. =A0Take the following sentence:
=
lo ca klama ca pinxe

In this case, = the first "ca" attaches to the sumti to make it mean something li= ke "the one currently going", where the second "ca" att= aches to the selbri of the entire bridi, for a total meaning of "the o= ne currently going is currently drinking", possibly alluding to someon= e drinking while driving or biking.

In other words: =A0I believe Mr. Jones is right ("= cu isn't needed in those cases"), but just left what those cases a= re a little cague.

"cu" always serves to= point out the main selbri relationship in the sentence. =A0Think of it lik= e an indicator. =A0Lojban is a strange language to all of us, and we can al= l sometimes use a little help picking out the verb in an English sentence. = =A0That's what "cu" does, basically. =A0Don't think about= it that other cmavo can "replace" it, because you can always hav= e "cu", it's just sometimes=A0superfluous. =A0You can say &qu= ot;le tavla ku cu barda" without being wrong, but it's just=A0unne= cessarily=A0clunky. =A0

My general tendency when learning was to always assume = I had to have a "cu", and then work out ways to avoid it as I lea= rned other terminators or tricks.

mi'e .tavic.=

On Tue, Feb 28, 2012 at 4:15 PM, Jonathan Jo= nes <eyeonus@gmai= l.com> wrote:
ca and friends (PU) can only appear before a selbri, so cu isn't needed= in those cases. So, yes, you can replace it.

However, PU is more us= eful than as merely a cu replacement.

For example:
{mi klama ca l= o bavlamdei lonu penmi lo pu pampe'o}, "I'm going to see my fo= rmer girlfriend tomorrow."


On Tue, Feb 28, 2012 at 6:54 PM, RexScientia= rum <amt2839@gmail.com> wrote:
I am not sure I am even to a point where I want to worry about ku and
terminators just yet.

Anyway, is it correct to replace {cu} with {ca} to show that something
is happening 'right now'? =A0I was searching through some sentences=
using lojbo jufsisku (great resource) and came across a sentence using
it so I put it in jbofi'e and looked it up in jbovlaste (more great
resources) that is how I am guessing {ca} is used from what I learned
there. =A0I can't find anything in Lojban For Beginners or Lojban
Reference Grammar on using {ca} although I may have missed it.

Anyway, this is the sentence I found on lojbo jufsisku: "do ca catlu lo va tricu" which is says is supposed to translate as: "You'= re
looking at that tree."

sia ki'e

-RexScientiarum

On Feb 20, 9:52=A0am, Adam Lopresto <adamlopre...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Just to further what others have said, and try to make it more concret= e,
> you can achieve anything without {cu}, but sometimes at the expense of=
> adding terminators. Your example is splendid. If we wanted to omit {cu= }, we
> could instead use
>
> .iure'e le cevni ku kurji ko
>
> (using the actual terminator for LE in place of the catch-all {cu}), o= r we
> could rearrange things so we wouldn't need any separator at all. >
> .iure'e le cevni ko kurji
>
> All of them are valid, all mean exactly the same thing, and your style= is
> entirely your choice. The last form is the shortest, and matches my > personal style. The {ku} version may be better as you're getting t= he hang
> of terminators. The {cu} version has the marginal benefit of explicitl= y
> marking the selbri, instead of relying on the listener to know that we= 've
> gotten to that level (I've heard people praise that, again in more=
> complicated examples where it makes a difference). TMTOWTDI
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 12:27 PM, Lee Carlson <lorddr...@gmail.com&g= t; wrote:
> > My thanks. I created a farewell, based on my spiritual path's= "blessed
> > be," which I render as *iure'e le cevni cu kurji k= o* by which I mean
> > "with spiritual love I direct you to act in such a way = that your perception
> > of god (the divine) cares about/for you." Have I accomplishe= d my goal?
>
> > mi'o mi'e brais
>
> > On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 10:03 AM, Michael Turniansky <
> > mturnian...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >> =A0 Yes, don't let lindar and his dialect contingent misl= ead you. =A0It DOES
> >> serve a purpose, but it can be worked around, as well. =A0Its= purpose is to
> >> mark which word/phrase in a bridi that is the main relationsh= ip. =A0Can it be
> >> worked around? =A0Yes, but as Pierre mentioned, it means prop= erly closing off
> >> all open structures before then.
>
> >> =A0 =A0So, what would you use in its place? =A0That depnds en= tirely on what
> >> needs terminating. =A0If nothing needs closing, the you don&#= 39;t need it.
>
> >> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 --gejyspa
>
> >> On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 7:21 AM, Lee Carlson <<= a href=3D"mailto:lorddr...@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">lorddr...@gmail.com= > wrote:
>
> >>> And here I was told that without cu one of my favorite st= atements made
> >>> no sense at all. So what is it: does cu serve a purpose, = or not? If not,
> >>> then what would I use in it's place?
>
> >>> mi'o brais
>
> >>> On Sun, Feb 19, 2012 at 3:38 A= M, Lindar <= lindartheb...@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >>>> The short answer:
> >>>> It's never necessary. NEVER.
> >>>> It's a handy shortcut sometimes.
> >>>> Learn to do without it at first or your grammar will = suck.
>
> >>>> --
> >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed = to the Google
> >>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group.
> >>>> To view this discussion on the web visit
> >>>>https://groups.google.com/d/msg/loj= ban-beginners/-/CuzwB6IY5XEJ.
>
> >>>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@goo= glegroups.com.
> >>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> >>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.c= om.
> >>>> For more options, visit this group at
> >>>>http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-begin= ners?hl=3Den.
>
> >>> --
> >>> The World is a magical place, waiting for our senses to g= row sharper.
>
> >>> =A0--
> >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to t= he Google
> >>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group.
> >>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googleg= roups.com.
> >>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> >>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> >>> For more options, visit this group at
> >>>
http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners= ?hl=3Den.
>
> >> =A0--
> >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the G= oogle Groups
> >> "Lojban Beginners" group.
> >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroup= s.com.
> >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.<= br> > >> For more options, visit this group at
> >>http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl= =3Den.
>
> > --
> > The World is a magical place, waiting for our senses to grow shar= per.
>
> > --
> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Googl= e Groups
> > "Lojban Beginners" group.
> > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.co= m.
> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> > For more options, visit this group at
> >http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den= .

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups &= quot;Lojban Beginners" group.
To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+un= subscribe@googlegroups.com.
For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/g= roup/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den.




--
mu'o mi'e .aionys.

.i.e'ucai k= o cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o
(Come to t= he Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D )

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups &= quot;Lojban Beginners" group.
To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+un= subscribe@googlegroups.com.
For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/g= roup/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den.

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= Lojban Beginners" group.
To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
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--f46d043892b5015e8a04ba16aefd--