Received: from mail-da0-f63.google.com ([209.85.210.63]:63879) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1ToZZT-00024x-OV; Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:02:04 -0800 Received: by mail-da0-f63.google.com with SMTP id n34sf5875008dal.8 for ; Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:01:49 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=20120806; h=x-received:x-beenthere:x-received:date:from:to:message-id :in-reply-to:references:subject:mime-version:x-original-sender :reply-to:precedence:mailing-list:list-id:x-google-group-id :list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=ncXC4gSWRPjQxhHyon+2VLpOMqJUn7g1GMuDZa/4Vgg=; b=u0gTLnfFN/8LxvQZiIHxnjMZfa+WMiSh20/IqGyq1aCZpfOgXdnEmwuAFVtjnJbV72 mtezhJl0hAAcOBjjIsW0bcAJQtlS96PtEjUcfuwZTsuuaeKqC9xaFbnQayVgDFP1VrK3 oHo4VLSatoKnaXfp5euRrGIji5gf8Guz6rOskKW4yLEurcCilHEFnZzu0bFSxMZFi3i0 30Y/mMfaJvIIijWzwC8TQmqCzVj96fOJMXJqPggFfzzbfyoLyV39Xp7Yr8FqTrQKdwXr BANjpg4XwPuDYAv6VvDggGtlk14pRJ9ZngQt60v4llpEBc9Wb5TGsbgnDxGokaPxFWX9 HHuQ== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=x-received:x-beenthere:x-received:date:from:to:message-id :in-reply-to:references:subject:mime-version:x-original-sender :reply-to:precedence:mailing-list:list-id:x-google-group-id :list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=ncXC4gSWRPjQxhHyon+2VLpOMqJUn7g1GMuDZa/4Vgg=; b=vLN1Av6MyaIQxqiZFL+KlH5RVSx9Zec0edJRcuxjLl1tPR/v1ENeD6fjVROFL97qz5 KoRu2pWJlM11iFLpS/x67hYeJo+GTQxWc71jHv3yXhXEfZGXIT7V2KeNzQjAvVWlxfaY qrFZ+GFhrPPTPOK11pZTbdoT6tWYqi94Wxws1sqqDI3UYEj3gFjKXYNlePlteU3EUeK0 Z2+eOe3JZTXMpfl+ybweyDXZVYKSQMrgC4obdiEc4A+BORQX8TZZuZNN5yTE5z4ckjHD k4IDYN8w9QnvDRI2B5TJcdu3MlaO9Lphg0QV78FeN6tNBe+C3b3rvA4Ymp68MkDzzSV7 Cfmg== X-Received: by 10.49.71.169 with SMTP id w9mr5028049qeu.7.1356699709102; Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:01:49 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.49.25.41 with SMTP id z9ls4591728qef.83.gmail; Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:01:47 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 10.49.63.164 with SMTP id h4mr4982806qes.39.1356699707818; Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:01:47 -0800 (PST) Date: Fri, 28 Dec 2012 05:01:47 -0800 (PST) From: la gleki To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Message-Id: In-Reply-To: References: <3dce2eae-f93d-4ce4-8965-3d6b61a7f7bf@googlegroups.com> <9dcdebaf-2e65-44c4-9652-7e9b7f094589@googlegroups.com> Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] I think I can use "kau" to express Japanese "ga" and "wa" MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Original-Sender: gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 300742228892 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_342_14170676.1356699707445" X-Spam-Score: -0.1 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.1 X-Spam_score_int: 0 X-Spam_bar: / ------=_Part_342_14170676.1356699707445 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Now I think that using {kau} as a topic marker will lead to some problems. Topic is always in the left of the sentence. It's quite natural. At first you define the topic and then tell something about it in particular. However, {kau} can be placed anywhere. Is it something that we want? On Sunday, October 14, 2012 6:39:43 PM UTC+4, tsani wrote: > > On 14 October 2012 07:31, gleki >wrote: > >> >> >> On Saturday, October 13, 2012 5:47:42 PM UTC+4, tsani wrote: >> >>> On 13 October 2012 01:04, gleki wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> In the parallel thread I completely forgot to explain why I thought >>>> {kau} could be used for focus of any sentence. >>>> >>>> Look at the following example: >>>> [.i paunai ma zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo du'u makau zekri prenu .i mi >>>> djuno lo du'u la .djan. kau zekri prenu] .i la .djan. kau zekri prenu >>>> >>>> >>> Yeah, I don't know why you'd think the kau gets preserved. {makau} acts >>> as one single unit, and gets replaced entirely when you want to insert the >>> "answer" to the indirect question. >>> >> >> This would make sense if {la djan. kau} were absent in the CLL. >> {kau} is glossed as "indirect question" and I can't see any questions in >> {la djan. kau}. >> >> > The CLL being wrong is new? :P > > >> >>> >>>> >>>> Now imagine that we omit the sentences in brackets and let the context >>>> decide what's going on here. >>>> Even then it's pretty simple to reconstruct first three sentences if >>>> only the last one is given. >>>> But it just means that every time you use {kau} without any questions >>>> (even indirect questions), even then it doesn't mean that those questions >>>> are absent. >>>> >>>> They still EXIST. They are just omitted by the speaker but can be >>>> easily resurrected from the sentences that are actually said. >>>> Really it would be very verbous to say >>>> *.i paunai ma zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo du'u makau zekri prenu .i mi >>>> djuno lo du'u la .djan. kau zekri prenu.....................* >>>> >>>> It's just not worth it. >>>> >>>> >>> Or we could just say {la djan zekri prenu}. In a real conversation, the >>> difference between the two sentences, with and without kau, is purely >>> textual, AFAICT. Using {kau} conveys no extra meaning, and therefore leads >>> me to believe that it's pointless to use. >>> >>> >>>> >>>> However, I doubt a bit that it is {kau}, not any other UI-cmavo that >>>> can serve this purpose. >>>> Do we have a generalised UI-cmavo like we have {su'u} as a generalised >>>> NU-cmavo? >>>> {ge'e} speaks about emotions so it won't work. >>>> >>>> >>> Guys, it's ba'e. Can we please stop trying to use kau for things other >>> than indirect questions? :) >>> >> >> I'm not sure if emphasis and topic-comment structure are always identical. >> >> > > No, of course they aren't the same, and I didn't say they were. {zo'u} is > for topic-comment structure, and {ba'e} is for emphasis. The CLL is right > on that one. > > >> If you want to say "It's John, and not someone else, that is the >>> criminal" then why are you all pining for {la djan kau co'e} rather than >>> {ba'e la djan co'e} ? >>> >>> >>>> Next, {paunai} is defined as a rhetorical question. I don't know >>>> exactly what "rhetorical" means. For me this glossword includes some >>>> emotions. But if {paunai} is just the opposite of {pau} and {pau} is just a >>>> question marker then for me {paunai=kau}. >>>> >>>> >>> A rhetorical question is a sentence that appears to be a question, but >>> isn't actually asking anything. "Who could *do* such a thing!?" could be a >>> rhetorical question. {kau} is not for "questions that aren't questions"; >>> {kau} is for *indirect questions*. Those are both *different* things, and >>> therefore have *different* cmavo, albeit both UI. >>> >>> .i mi'e la tsani mu'o >>> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Lojban Beginners" group. >> To view this discussion on the web visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban-beginners/-/76RjAIGKOLIJ. >> >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-b...@googlegroups.com >> . >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> lojban-beginne...@googlegroups.com . >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> > > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban-beginners/-/TPqtFjMXipAJ. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. ------=_Part_342_14170676.1356699707445 Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Now I think that using {kau} as a topic marker will lead to some problems.<= div>
Topic is always in the left of the sentence. It's quite = natural. At first you define the topic and then tell something about it in = particular.
However, {kau} can be placed anywhere. Is it somethin= g that we want?

On Sunday, October 14, 2012 6:39:43 PM UTC+4, tsani = wrote:
On 14 October 2012 07:31= , gleki <gleki.is...@gmail.com> wr= ote:


On Saturday, October 13, 2012 5:47:42 PM UTC+4, tsani wrote:
On 13 October 2012 01:04, gleki <gleki.is...@gmail.com> wrote:

In the parallel thread I completely forgot to explain why I thought {ka= u} could be used for focus of any sentence.

Look at the = following example:
[.i paunai ma zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo du'u = makau zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo du'u la .djan. kau zekri prenu] = .i la .djan. kau zekri prenu


Yeah, I don't know why you'= d think the kau gets preserved. {makau} acts as one single unit, and gets r= eplaced entirely when you want to insert the "answer" to the indirect quest= ion.

This would make sense if {la d= jan. kau}  were absent in the CLL.
{kau} is glossed as "indi= rect question" and I can't see any questions in {la djan. kau}.


The CLL being wr= ong is new? :P
 
 

Now imagine that we omit the sentences in br= ackets and let the context decide what's going on here.
Even then it's pretty simple to reconstruct first three sentences if o= nly the last one is given.
But it just means that every time you = use {kau} without any questions (even indirect questions), even then it doe= sn't mean that those questions are absent.

They still EXIST. They are just omitted by the speaker = but can be easily resurrected from the sentences that are actually said.
Really it would be very verbous to say 
.i paunai= ma zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo du'u makau zekri prenu .i mi djuno lo d= u'u la .djan. kau zekri prenu.....................

It's just not worth it.


Or we could just say {la djan zekri prenu}. In = a real conversation, the difference between the two sentences, with and wit= hout kau, is purely textual, AFAICT. Using {kau} conveys no extra meaning, = and therefore leads me to believe that it's pointless to use. 
 

<= div>However, I doubt a bit that it is {kau}, not any other UI-cmavo that ca= n serve this purpose.
Do we have a generalised UI-cmavo like we have {su'u} as a generalised= NU-cmavo?
{ge'e} speaks about emotions  so it won't work.


Guys, it's ba'e. Can we= please stop trying to use kau for things other than indirect questions? :)=

I'm not sure if emphasis and t= opic-comment structure are always identical.
 

No, of course they aren't the same, and= I didn't say they were. {zo'u} is for topic-comment structure, and {ba'e} = is for emphasis. The CLL is right on that one.
 
If you want to say "It's John, and not someone else, that is the crimi= nal" then why are you all pining for {la djan kau co'e} rather than {ba'e l= a djan co'e} ?
 
Next, {paunai} is defined as a rhetorical question. I don't= know exactly what "rhetorical" means. For me this glossword includes some = emotions. But if {paunai} is just the opposite of {pau} and {pau} is just a= question marker then for me {paunai=3Dkau}.


A rhetorical question is a = sentence that appears to be a question, but isn't actually asking anything.= "Who could *do* such a thing!?" could be a rhetorical question. {kau} is n= ot for "questions that aren't questions"; {kau} is for *indirect questions*= . Those are both *different* things, and therefore have *different* cmavo, = albeit both UI.

.i mi'e la tsani mu'o

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