From nobody@digitalkingdom.org Mon Feb 12 07:35:21 2007 Received: with ECARTIS (v1.0.0; list lojban-beginners); Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:35:22 -0800 (PST) Received: from nobody by chain.digitalkingdom.org with local (Exim 4.63) (envelope-from ) id 1HGdD4-00050i-Ft for lojban-beginners-real@lojban.org; Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:35:20 -0800 Received: from nf-out-0910.google.com ([64.233.182.185]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.63) (envelope-from ) id 1HGdCl-000507-Kf for lojban-beginners@lojban.org; Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:35:14 -0800 Received: by nf-out-0910.google.com with SMTP id c31so3920842nfb for ; Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:34:52 -0800 (PST) DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=gmail.com; s=beta; h=received:message-id:date:from:to:subject:in-reply-to:mime-version:content-type:content-transfer-encoding:content-disposition:references; b=KKN4cFGFN6O6sdMlPnxRsA8UxsyzR3YbvwTppPSSwMlSCbGUxbDTYNIYlScn9xvx5xDPA2TEF8fxMg1nk70e1Ul9pSyG+QxRDb8dJ12HNv14VDIn5THCdvR70s2m8sMQQ1vr6+HShcQpR+eEE3QkqgWP4ouy24PSWNtgIKY9fJ8= Received: by 10.82.148.7 with SMTP id v7mr13768407bud.1171294492182; Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:34:52 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.49.9.8 with HTTP; Mon, 12 Feb 2007 07:34:52 -0800 (PST) Message-ID: <925d17560702120734s5e4166c3m3fd7df9c7b85a7e7@mail.gmail.com> Date: Mon, 12 Feb 2007 12:34:52 -0300 From: "=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Jorge_Llamb=EDas?=" To: lojban-beginners@lojban.org Subject: [lojban-beginners] Re: bo In-Reply-To: <23dc8c770702120645p3d547d3fyc56f98405c29c293@mail.gmail.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Disposition: inline References: <23dc8c770702120645p3d547d3fyc56f98405c29c293@mail.gmail.com> X-Spam-Score: -2.5 X-Spam-Score-Int: -24 X-Spam-Bar: -- X-archive-position: 4036 X-ecartis-version: Ecartis v1.0.0 Sender: lojban-beginners-bounce@lojban.org Errors-to: lojban-beginners-bounce@lojban.org X-original-sender: jjllambias@gmail.com Precedence: bulk Reply-to: lojban-beginners@lojban.org X-list: lojban-beginners On 2/12/07, Karl Naylor wrote: > Having read through Lojban for Beginners and up to Chapter 10 of the > Reference Grammar, I'm getting increasingly frustrated with 'bo'. I > gather that there must be some kind of unified theory of 'bo' which > explains all its behaviours, otherwise we'd use different words for > the (apparently) different applications of 'bo'. {bo} has two functions. Function 1: It makes a construction bind tighter than it would without bo: (broda ije brode) ija brodi (broda gi'e brode) gi'a brodi (broda je brode) ja brodi (broda brode) brodi (ko'a .e ko'e) .a ko'i vs: broda ije (brode ijabo brodi) broda gi'e (brode gi'abo brodi) broda je (brode jabo brodi) broda (brode bo brodi) ko'a .e (ko'e .abo ko'i) In many of these cases, {bo} also allows a tag to be inserted as a connective: broda i (je) bo brode broda gi'e bo brode broda je bo brode ko'a .e bo ko'e Function 2: It makes a cmavo of NAhE work as one of LAhE: {na'e bo ko'a} works like {la'e ko'a} > As I understand it, in tanru it binds the two nearest brivla (or > bracketed groups of brivla). Between sentences it makes the preceding > connective connect the two sentences. When used this way, it causes > its connective to swallow up the whole following sentence, not just a > single sumti. A conective between sentences (ije) always connects sentences, it never swallows a single sumti. What {bo} does is make the connective (ijebo) take precedence over other connectives. This is the same function as in tanru. What you are thinking of are tags, not connectives. A tag between {i} and {bo} works as a sentence connective, yes. > Also it apparently reverses the meaning of tenses when > used between sentences. When a tag is used as a connective (in any position, not just between sentences: {i bo}, {gi'e bo}, {.e bo}) the order is different for tenses and for BAIs. That is indeed a glitch. > My problem is that I don't see why these apparently disparate effects > all follow from the same word. Is there any help to be found on this? There are really only two uses of {bo}: tight binding is the main one, and {na'e bo} is the marginal one. The reversal of tenses with respect to BAIs when tags are used as connectives is not really an effect of {bo}. mu'o mi'e xorxes