From zf2153@messiah.edu Thu Jan 21 11:09:04 2010 Received: from smtp.messiah.edu ([153.42.64.16]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1NY2Op-0000Ap-R4 for lojban-beginners@lojban.org; Thu, 21 Jan 2010 11:09:04 -0800 Received: from smtp.messiah.edu (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by smtp.messiah.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 080C9F80F4 for ; Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:08:58 -0500 (EST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed; d=messiah.edu; h=message-id :date:from:to:subject:mime-version:content-type :content-transfer-encoding; s=mx1; bh=SZ4lwN3HqLGi5VkAKaxDk1k4Ns g=; b=jEn+ZLp1x5+sWZHmjU2+JH/6Nn6GDbNFcEC0nWB5kMmqI2H3ghkc1qf3VW Kh0QZmo2l2pk3JEtnY204DE5vx7pGI3UkfYMkFuOVcTt4ipnmC+e4czpBL0atM0U gRvLm4Of0nH+xoOAm8cOGuoBVzKIaYD4wHj0A7AeP7sAyg+bM= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=messiah.edu; h=message-id :date:from:to:subject:mime-version:content-type :content-transfer-encoding; q=dns; s=mx1; b=seqYmbUIjotZWEfSogGH QzW9OJ1gAt+5pvgRFCfJGLSP9lt/swcS15MBLw5Dw+QhvqqvI9FzlfRIFNoXvosh s608YCUxQuRMvl5ajx+QsI1p+7ZstxyU1pgx+jlFYWmfXsfSQZ5NP49h4RT244ip 76c+Kvg66nvj4Yl0C9rZFww= Received: from gwia.messiah.edu (gwia.messiah.edu [153.42.16.62]) by smtp.messiah.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id EA0DBF80F1 for ; Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:08:57 -0500 (EST) Received: from MC-DOMAIN-MTA by gwia.messiah.edu with Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:08:57 -0500 Message-Id: <4B585FEF020000270001919E@gwia.messiah.edu> X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise Internet Agent 8.0.1 Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:08:47 -0500 From: "Zachary Felix" To: Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] Re: Introduction Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable aha! That makes much sense! mi jimpe Thank you. >>> Jorge Llamb=C3=ADas 01/21/10 2:00 PM >>> On Thu, Jan 21, 2010 at 3:46 PM, Zachary Felix wrote= : > > What is the difference between the contradictory negation "na" and the scalar negation "na'e"? According to the book, "na" is saying that the selbri-relation is false, and "na'e" is saying "other-than", but how are these really different? The only conclusion I came to was that "na'e" is meaning that something else is true, though I think for most cases they would have relatively similar meanings... They are indeed very similar. The most important difference is their scope: "na" negates a whole proposition, while "na'e" only negates the word that follows. Compare these: ta na'e blanu karce "That is a non-blue car." We are told that it is non-blue, but it is definitely a car. ta na blanu karce That is not a blue car. NowiIt may be a red car, but it also may be a blue house, or a red house, etc. We don't know whether it is a car at all. You will discover other important effects of scope when you consider quantifiers, but that should give you a taste for how "na" and "na'e" differ. mu'o mi'e xorxes