From lojban-beginners+bncCKOFgp7zDxDlmN7oBBoECzV7xg@googlegroups.com Sun Dec 26 10:42:03 2010 Received: from mail-px0-f189.google.com ([209.85.212.189]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from ) id 1PWvXZ-0000Ce-Rw; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:42:02 -0800 Received: by pxi19 with SMTP id 19sf3281628pxi.16 for ; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:52 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:x-beenthere:received:mime-version :received:received:date:in-reply-to:x-ip:references:user-agent :x-http-useragent:message-id:subject:from:to:x-original-sender :reply-to:precedence:mailing-list:list-id:list-post:list-help :list-archive:sender:list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type :content-transfer-encoding; bh=3iTeiBhh3+aPSyLvK5dad37xVIXIjsaVt4ZWvkZd5WA=; b=IT3krFXMwuJl3FTSMcEjTfQHwtGCffUZqI1vHYAJW267+RATfnvLrH9O9FPZi+k3UO Ez00NjRDU7iv5PO7IqllkPttYzr4tJS2xRM1n7imozQjBubLPiWwxH6aRFzWz6kWFUh/ w8R4kKITvSdVp7AStEQIttEsGyg4vw5sUlCKM= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=x-beenthere:mime-version:date:in-reply-to:x-ip:references :user-agent:x-http-useragent:message-id:subject:from:to :x-original-sender:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list:list-id :list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; b=376/ladQnney8HR4ZCYgXaUWfqRLwu19vITwoLGKB2OTqC6rMhFNSGIcJTKXpsqrny 8V4embQ7ZLXUrcEwR2nKzENsQeqgLWeE7w0y0E/MHB7R/Udeen7oPxNTwiZ6bT3dOtwR p2JcA1rm3L9q8NYGngJdUbREg3RMMGxPdXKlQ= Received: by 10.142.9.9 with SMTP id 9mr571102wfi.12.1293388901243; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:41 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.142.249.41 with SMTP id w41ls15703939wfh.1.p; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:40 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.143.153.15 with SMTP id f15mr570138wfo.1.1293388900191; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:40 -0800 (PST) Received: by r40g2000prh.googlegroups.com with HTTP; Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:40 -0800 (PST) Date: Sun, 26 Dec 2010 10:41:40 -0800 (PST) In-Reply-To: <201012242256.17097.phma@phma.optus.nu> X-IP: 76.171.239.144 References: <99f22b35-df5c-4ab6-9013-fcaa803b8a8e@i17g2000prn.googlegroups.com> <201012242256.17097.phma@phma.optus.nu> User-Agent: G2/1.0 X-HTTP-UserAgent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.4; en-US; rv:1.9.2.13) Gecko/20101203 Firefox/3.6.13,gzip(gfe) Message-ID: Subject: [lojban-beginners] Re: cu vs ku From: "la kev,n." To: Lojban Beginners X-Original-Sender: kevin.v.rae@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable On Dec 24, 7:56=A0pm, Pierre Abbat wrote: > On Monday 20 December 2010 14:39:57 la kev,n. wrote: > > > coi mi'e la kev,n. > > > I don't really understand the difference between "lo... ku" and "le... > > cu". Can they be used interchangeably? Also, can the "ku" and "cu" be > > dropped if there isn't =A0a gismu after it? For example could I say: > > > .i lo xunre gerku ku > > > and have it be the same as saying > > > .i lo xunre gerku ? > > "ku" is the terminator for article phrases; "cu" is the predicate marker.= So > you can say "le xunre gerku ku bajra", "le xunre gerku cu bajra", or "le > xunre gerku ku cu bajra" and mean the same thing: "the red dog runs". But= "le > xunre gerku bajra" is a sentence fragment ("the red dog runner"), and "le > xunre gerku cu ku bajra" and "le xunre ku gerku cu bajra" are ungrammatic= al. > (Sentence fragments are grammatical so that they can be used to answer > questions.) > > "lo" and "le" are different, but syntactically interchangeable, articles. > Generally "lo" is "an" and "le" is "the", but often you don't use the > corresponding one in Lojban to the one you'd use in English. You can't om= it > the article in Lojban as you often can in English, because the brivla is = used > for both common nouns and verbs. You'll learn the usage of "lo" vs. "le" = as > you go along. > > > And finally, do you have to put ".i" before you say "coi" or "co'o" to > > someone? > > No. "coi do" can appear in the middle of a sentence. If, however, "coi" > or "co'o" is followed by a sumti that isn't intended to be the object > of "coi" or "co'o", you have to put "do'u" to terminate it. > > Pierre > -- > Jews use a lunisolar calendar; Muslims use a solely lunar calendar. coi do Thanks! That cleared a lot up. co'o --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= Lojban Beginners" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@= googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= -beginners?hl=3Den.