From lojban-beginners+bncCNTPpI2KGxDDupLqBBoEXrhU3g@googlegroups.com Sat Jan 29 15:06:04 2011 Received: from mail-qw0-f61.google.com ([209.85.216.61]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from ) id 1PjJrh-00011u-Jb; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:06:03 -0800 Received: by qwd6 with SMTP id 6sf9541922qwd.16 for ; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:51 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:x-beenthere:received-spf:x-authority-analysis :x-cloudmark-score:x-originating-ip:from:to:subject:date:user-agent :references:in-reply-to:mime-version:message-id:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type:content-disposition; bh=epWvSlCK3M9YVkq1uQEZ/cemYVc1YIOO+S2J+X9gOWc=; b=Xw1zdBCXOFzr7ft4AVLddctIHRYN49XK2WwoFdYLUjxf79Tkk0hH+m3g4BiFc44Zvm psxQi7f6MUuf0XuPF+/dN1s3ZtAm6X+tjQyJv1SGNrf/hLFkCraWe2dRnJl5QQTs+zSd 9G0svAYm7BSnE3Nz0HIT6LCnyNGMMMIkflCO4= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=x-beenthere:received-spf:x-authority-analysis:x-cloudmark-score :x-originating-ip:from:to:subject:date:user-agent:references :in-reply-to:mime-version:message-id:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type:content-disposition; b=DpiCzplhhnUCFaHS+bxZochg1yifX+qUFCUY7rLxXqd7JsApzAYDkUcxZVga6QpDoV KWtwDtqgs/p3D8iRF2nZ5LA51Ec+YTlTKK6bN4W9dbgQu2hP2wcBLE2Ma4lAUplWM3uw rRWx7o+AuQAQ+hcsx4xMxiCMyBQEQ2SVqdTFw= Received: by 10.229.2.1 with SMTP id 1mr538217qch.11.1296342339340; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:39 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.229.197.8 with SMTP id ei8ls1214704qcb.1.p; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:38 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.229.136.199 with SMTP id s7mr503237qct.22.1296342338592; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:38 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.229.136.199 with SMTP id s7mr503236qct.22.1296342338570; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:38 -0800 (PST) Received: from cdptpa-omtalb.mail.rr.com (cdptpa-omtalb.mail.rr.com [75.180.132.122]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTP id i16si4230348qco.3.2011.01.29.15.05.37; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 15:05:38 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 75.180.132.122 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of phma@phma.optus.nu) client-ip=75.180.132.122; X-Authority-Analysis: v=1.1 cv=Inhw+Jdt7z1D3BivGPfn2aw54OvUEJw5lAn/booRZkE= c=1 sm=0 a=uSZQwR64IX4A:10 a=wPDyFdB5xvgA:10 a=8nJEP1OIZ-IA:10 a=9o99xeNKNPYSmM5t9x5+TQ==:17 a=akaDXmAaZW02UIlgrdUA:9 a=MQGAlxTzw32Cmk4KjqcA:7 a=Zi1J5PbSM61hUYIX_YxxxpgdPhMA:4 a=wPNLvfGTeEIA:10 a=9o99xeNKNPYSmM5t9x5+TQ==:117 X-Cloudmark-Score: 0 X-Originating-IP: 75.176.118.168 Received: from [75.176.118.168] ([75.176.118.168:35623] helo=chausie) by cdptpa-oedge04.mail.rr.com (envelope-from ) (ecelerity 2.2.3.46 r()) with ESMTP id 90/EB-13137-04D944D4; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 23:05:37 +0000 Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by chausie (Postfix) with ESMTP id 340C94039 for ; Sat, 29 Jan 2011 18:05:36 -0500 (EST) From: Pierre Abbat To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] What is bo? Date: Sat, 29 Jan 2011 18:05:33 -0500 User-Agent: KMail/1.9.6 (enterprise 0.20070907.709405) References: In-Reply-To: MIME-Version: 1.0 Message-Id: <201101291805.34334.phma@phma.optus.nu> X-Original-Sender: phma@phma.optus.nu X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 75.180.132.122 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of phma@phma.optus.nu) smtp.mail=phma@phma.optus.nu Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Disposition: inline On Saturday 29 January 2011 17:20:20 ianek wrote: > So, I'm confused about BO. (And I don't mean body odor). > What does it exactly do? I see some unrelated functions: > * tanru grouping {cmalu nixli bo ckule} > * causal relations between sentences {ro ractu na'e ze'u > jmive .iseni'ibo la flufis. mrobi'o} and related uses with {i [modal] > bo} > * now I've learnt about using it for tagging sumti with modals in A > constructs: {la loglan e ba za bo la lojban} > > Is it really the same {bo} with the same function? In the third phrase, "bo" is not tagging a sumti: it's *preventing* the preposition from tagging the sumti, and making it tag the conjunction instead. In "iseni'ibo", it again prevents "seni'i" from tagging "la flufis" and turns it into a conjunction. (You can also use it together with an actual conjunction: "ijeseni'ibo".) In "cmalu nixli bo ckule", "bo" indicates that "nixli" and "ckule" are bound together more closely than "cmalu" and "nixli". If you said "cmalu bo nixli bo ckule", that would still be true. If you connect three sentences with "ini'ibo", again the last two group together. If you want to say ((A, therefore B), therefore C), I think you have to use "tu'e ... tu'u". So I think "bo" has two functions, and sometimes performs both: it makes a preposition tag a preceding (perhaps implied) conjunction instead of a following sumti, and it makes things group together more closely and with right-grouping. By the way, "baza" isn't a modal, it's a tense marker. A "modal", in Lojban jargon, is a preposition derived from a brivla. Pierre -- Jews use a lunisolar calendar; Muslims use a solely lunar calendar. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en.