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[98.139.91.208]) by gmr-mx.google.com with SMTP id r5si2371460pbe.1.2011.11.14.13.15.56; Mon, 14 Nov 2011 13:15:57 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of kali9putra@yahoo.com designates 98.139.91.208 as permitted sender) client-ip=98.139.91.208; Received: from [98.139.91.67] by nm15.bullet.mail.sp2.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 14 Nov 2011 21:15:56 -0000 Received: from [98.139.91.59] by tm7.bullet.mail.sp2.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 14 Nov 2011 21:15:56 -0000 Received: from [127.0.0.1] by omp1059.mail.sp2.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 14 Nov 2011 21:15:56 -0000 X-Yahoo-Newman-Id: 759895.46713.bm@omp1059.mail.sp2.yahoo.com Received: (qmail 17780 invoked from network); 14 Nov 2011 21:15:56 -0000 X-Yahoo-Newman-Property: ymail-3 X-YMail-OSG: Oek8YwoVM1l9vANPxHQCZ7f6nZoX6LBkSgHldcuqRjkJxQD Kjo6.Tf_rJKe1kSqJoEJNcJVSTWiEMgR9mcimxB536N4Wj1Kt38jle1be5Ia Wzso72HXn3FwAqDRYxX1UYeON_QdbT4KzfgvhbN.xdnGwurt1VpE3U.7nvYO 8SxN1OEKcPR5Yus6VZokht.s6aVZ6nLGUK5jcfM85aar2tLGkT0obMpfZn9R R4urNb93Ceqhon8k1TJF1v8C.WPtLlZKKQCHtwOvtUKv62eJZz3xkSi3nWpP jBdoT.1NiTHe9LCLDHhVyGa8n3KOsjQNVrSrl4W17T78UT2O5sP.6BM_bro7 SCnWUHXtZCH_9xj5jYrFL016cj6bFpp_ONG0_NDk.AssOtKsGsDmPYHkuOGr nhpXQBsuksz6oMeyqLxIjodb1zpmell2Qxedhut5xVKOM4w1VWuaoBhsFZLn UkvlajtqTotVD_nXWkfVnqRrBdZabLd46EKaJ7q_2dF9YnYt4_9m2FDdPemP 2x088xocbkWrl.j3UwJxdgmsqe34sUfUj4LkbppwKYeltewPs_J9U8_7P1UG lcle_0iIei6I0jDOqrBQz_3EcfK.EVfjte75D28X5YRJuaeVQuwTfPz0VDg- - X-Yahoo-SMTP: xvGyF4GswBCIFKGaxf5wSjlg3RF108g- Received: from [192.168.1.68] (kali9putra@99.92.108.41 with xymcookie) by smtp112-mob.biz.mail.gq1.yahoo.com with SMTP; 14 Nov 2011 13:15:55 -0800 PST References: <20111112173901.GC2702@gonzales> <1321289156.24832.YahooMailRC@web81303.mail.mud.yahoo.com> In-Reply-To: X-Apple-Yahoo-Original-Message-Folder: AAlojbanery Mime-Version: 1.0 (iPad Mail 8G4) Message-Id: <8A2121A2-7549-4123-8557-EEE300254097@yahoo.com> X-Mailer: iPad Mail (8G4) From: "John E. Clifford" X-Apple-Yahoo-Replied-Msgid: 1_11473783_AHrHjkQAAXGHTsF4/QviO30lBLw Subject: Re: [lojban] Lions and levels and the like Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2011 15:16:04 -0600 To: "lojban@googlegroups.com" X-Original-Sender: kali9putra@yahoo.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of kali9putra@yahoo.com designates 98.139.91.208 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=kali9putra@yahoo.com; dkim=pass (test mode) header.i=@yahoo.com Reply-To: lojban@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban@googlegroups.com; contact lojban+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 1004133512417 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-1--599216978 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.7 X-Spam_score_int: -6 X-Spam_bar: / --Apple-Mail-1--599216978 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Hmmm! Nice case! Of course, some first transistor must have been invented= that all the others copied and improved upon, but that doesn't really dodg= e your point. At the moment, I don't know what to suggest, except to hope = that Lojban still has a word for kinds. Bunches are, inter alia, Lesniewsk= i's wholes (but xorxes doesn't like this kind of objectifying, preferring p= lural reference, which works the same way formally). I don't take 1a to be= about kinds, but just about some unspecified bunch of lions (at least = in Lojban, lo cinfo). Kinds don't seem to be the sort of things that ruin = gardens, though their exemplars may. The factual situation, as far as tran= sistors, etc. are concerned, is about genealogy, all transistors descend fr= om something invented by Shockley. But that is at least as hard to express= as types, so I wait a while on it. Sent from my iPad On Nov 14, 2011, at 2:24 PM, maikxlx wrote: > I can understand the appeal of your concept of bunches -- if I understand= them correctly as being something like subsets of the extensions consistin= g of mundanes/atoms (perhaps generalized to something like Bunt's ensemble,= derivative of Le=C5=9Bniewski 's mereology, to cover masses). E.g.: >=20 > - (1a) Lions are ruining my garden. =20 >=20 > - (1b) There exist some lions that are ruining my garden. >=20 > where (1a) invokes a kind and (1b) invokes a bunch or somesuch, and yet b= oth sentences seem to have the same truth conditions or almost the same. >=20 > But yesterday as I was reading random online materials (this one - http:/= /amor.cms.hu-berlin.de/~h2816i3x/Talks/GenericitySeattle.ho.pdf ), I found = what I think is a good bunch-resisting, kind-example: >=20 > - (2a) Transistors were invented by Shockley. >=20 > One can't get the same result by referring to any bunch: >=20 > - (2b) *There exist some transistors that were invented by Shockley.=20 >=20 > Nor does taking the biggest possible bunch of transistors help: >=20 > - (2c) *All transistors were invented by Shockley. >=20 > It seems that though transistors as a kind of thing were invented, no mun= dane transistor nor any extension, ensemble, or bunch of them was invented.= In (2a) there does seem to be some sort of "transistor kind" (dare I say = "form") above the mundane, even taking into consideration the possible worl= ds that Montague would have in his model.=20 >=20 > On Mon, Nov 14, 2011 at 11:45 AM, John E Clifford = wrote: > > > > Here we have the advantage of taking kinds and the like as bunches (wit= hout > > ontological commitment of things called "bunches"): {su'o lo stuci) has > > essentially the same result under either interpretation, a subbunch of = lo > > stuci. It may, of course, not correspond to the bunches put in as kind= s of > > teachers, but it produces a kind of its own. Of course, there remains = the issue > > of how this bunch talks to all the students, but, as I have noted elsew= here, it > > all works out to there being some teachers (mundanes) who talk to all t= he > > students, even if no one teacher does. > > > > > > > > ----- Original Message ---- > > From: Jorge Llamb=C3=ADas > > To: lojban@googlegroups.com > > Sent: Sun, November 13, 2011 7:10:17 AM > > Subject: Re: [lojban] Lions and levels and the like > > > > On Sat, Nov 12, 2011 at 2:39 PM, Martin Bays wrote: > > > > > > What I mean by this (i.e. by "really"): if B hears A say {su'o ctuca = cu > > > tavla ro le tadni}, and B wants to understand what A means to say abo= ut > > > actual teachers and actual students, and if {ctuca} and {tadni} do no= t > > > specify levels, then B has to guess which levels A intends them to re= fer > > > to. If, for example, B guesses that A is talking about kinds of teach= er > > > and about actual students, all B can deduce about actual teachers and > > > students is that every student was talked to by some teacher. > > > > You have some hidden assumptions there, for example that there are > > actual teachers of the kind that talks to every student. > > > > And B can deduce more: that there is some kind of teacher such that > > every student was talked to by some teacher of that kind. > > > > mu'o mi'e xorxes > > > > -- > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Grou= ps > > "lojban" group. > > To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. > > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > > lojban+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > > For more options, visit this group at > > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban?hl=3Den. > > > > -- > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Grou= ps "lojban" group. > > To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. > > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@google= groups.com. > > For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lo= jban?hl=3Den. > > >=20 > --=20 > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups= "lojban" group. > To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegr= oups.com. > For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojb= an?hl=3Den. --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= lojban" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegrou= ps.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= ?hl=3Den. --Apple-Mail-1--599216978 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Hmmm!  Nice case!  Of course= , some first transistor must have been invented that all the others copied = and improved upon, but that doesn't really dodge your point.  At the m= oment, I don't know what to suggest, except to hope that Lojban still has=  a word for kinds.  Bunches are, inter alia, Lesniewski's wholes = (but xorxes doesn't like this kind of objectifying, preferring plural refer= ence, which works the same way formally).  I don't take 1a to be about= kinds, but just about     some unspecified bunch of lions (at le= ast in Lojban, lo cinfo).  Kinds don't seem to be the sort of things t= hat ruin gardens, though their exemplars may.  The factual situation, = as far as transistors, etc. are concerned, is about genealogy, all transist= ors descend from something invented by Shockley.  But that is at least= as hard to express as types, so I wait a while on it.
<= br>
Sent from my iPad

On Nov 14, 2011, at 2:= 24 PM, maikxlx <maikxlx@gmail.com> wrote:

I can = understand the appeal of your concept of bunches -- if I understand them co= rrectly as being something like subsets of the extensions consisting of mun= danes/atoms (perhaps generalized to something like Bunt's ensemble, derivat= ive of Le=C5=9Bniewski 's mereology, to cover masses).    E.g.:
- (1a) Lions are ruining my garden. 

- (1b) There exist so= me lions that are ruining my garden.

where (1a) invokes a kind and (= 1b) invokes a bunch or somesuch, and yet both sentences seem to have the sa= me truth conditions or almost the same.

But yesterday as I was reading random online materials (this one -
http://amor.cms.hu-berlin.de/~h2816i3x/Talks/GenericitySeattle.ho= .pdf ), I found what I think is a good bunch-resisting, kind-exampl= e:

- (2a) Transistors were invented by Shockley.

One can't get the = same result by referring to any bunch:

- (2b) *There exist some tran= sistors that were invented by Shockley.

Nor does taking the biggest= possible bunch of transistors help:

- (2c) *All transistors were invented by Shockley.

It seems that though transistors as a kind of thing were invented, no m= undane transistor nor any extension, ensemble, or bunch of them was invente= d.  In (2a) there does seem to be some sort of "transistor kind" (dare= I say "form") above the mundane, even taking into consideration the possib= le worlds that Montague would have in his model.

On Mon, Nov 14, 2011 at 11:45 AM, John E Clifford <kali9putra@y= ahoo.com> wrote:
>
> Here we have the advantage of t= aking kinds and the like as bunches (without
> ontological commitment of things called "bunches"): {su'o lo stuci) ha= s
> essentially the same result under either interpretation, a subbun= ch of lo
> stuci.  It may, of course, not correspond to the bunc= hes put in as kinds of
> teachers, but it produces a kind of its own.  Of course, there re= mains the issue
> of how this bunch talks to all the students, but, a= s I have noted elsewhere, it
> all works out to there being some teac= hers (mundanes) who talk to all the
> students, even if no one teacher does.
>
>
>
>= ----- Original Message ----
> From: Jorge Llamb=C3=ADas <jj= llambias@gmail.com>
> To: lojban@googlegroups.c= om
> Sent: Sun, November 13, 2011 7:10:17 AM
> Subject: Re: [lojban] = Lions and levels and the like
>
> On Sat, Nov 12, 2011 at 2:39 = PM, Martin Bays <mbays@sdf.org> wrote:
> >
> > What I mean by this (i.e. by "really"): if B hears A= say {su'o ctuca cu
> > tavla ro le tadni}, and B wants to underst= and what A means to say about
> > actual teachers and actual stude= nts, and if {ctuca} and {tadni} do not
> > specify levels, then B has to guess which levels A intends them t= o refer
> > to. If, for example, B guesses that A is talking about= kinds of teacher
> > and about actual students, all B can deduce = about actual teachers and
> > students is that every student was talked to by some teacher.
= >
> You have some hidden assumptions there, for example that there= are
> actual teachers of the kind that talks to every student.
>
> And B can deduce more: that there is some kind of teacher such= that
> every student was talked to by some teacher of that kind.
= >
> mu'o mi'e xorxes
>
> --
> You received this = message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "lojban" group.
> To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com.
> To unsubscribe from this group= , send email to
> lojban+unsubsc= ribe@googlegroups.com.
> For more options, visit this group at
> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban?hl=3Den.
= >
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribe= d to the Google Groups "lojban" group.
> To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.co= m.
> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban?hl=3Den.
>
=

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