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Date: Wed, 16 Nov 2011 17:21:00 -0500
From: Robert LeChevalier <lojbab@lojban.org>
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Subject: Re: [lojban] Lions and levels and the like
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John E. Clifford wrote:
> Hmmm!  Nice case!  Of course, some first transistor must have been 
> invented that all the others copied and improved upon, but that doesn't 
> really dodge your point.  At the moment, I don't know what to suggest, 
> except to hope that Lojban still has a word for kinds.  Bunches are, 
> inter alia, Lesniewski's wholes (but xorxes doesn't like this kind of 
> objectifying, preferring plural reference, which works the same way 
> formally).  I don't take 1a to be about kinds, but just about     some 
> unspecified bunch of lions (at least in Lojban, lo cinfo).  Kinds don't 
> seem to be the sort of things that ruin gardens, though their exemplars 
> may.  The factual situation, as far as transistors, etc. are concerned, 
> is about genealogy, all transistors descend from something invented by 
> Shockley.  But that is at least as hard to express as types, so I wait a 
> while on it.

Actually, I just read something on this a couple days ago.

There was a patent issued in Canada for a field-effect transistor in 
1925, but it isn't clear if any were built.  A similar patent was issued 
in Germany in 1934.  Neither has much to do with the Shockley transistor 
other than name and general semiconductor nature.  Bardeen and Brattain 
then invented the germanium transistor in 1947, but Shockley ended up 
getting a share of the credit.  There was an independent invention in 
France in 1948.  Texas Instruments produced the first silicon transistor 
in 1954, and MOS-FETs came even later, and I think they are more like 
the 1925 idea than like the 1947 one.  It would be difficult to call any 
of the reinventions prior to 1948 as being "family tree descendants". 
Those afterwards would probably give some ancestral credit to Shockley's 
group, but that might be a legal fiction due to patent law rather than 
truly being genealogical.

The same probably goes for the brothers' Wright and the airplane.  Many 
others were independently inventing them when the Wrights first flew, 
and it is hard to argue that airplanes are necessarily more descended 
from Wright's plane than any of those others.

How to express these distinctions in Lojban is beyond anything I would 
attempt to argue, especially post xorlo.

lojbab

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