Received: from mail-vw0-f61.google.com ([209.85.212.61]:41120) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1RrjQF-0002zk-TF; Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:05:00 -0800 Received: by vbbez10 with SMTP id ez10sf415833vbb.16 for ; Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:04:49 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=x-beenthere:date:from:reply-to:to:message-id:subject:mime-version :x-original-sender:x-original-authentication-results:precedence :mailing-list:list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post:list-help :list-archive:sender:list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=VO/FTmtQrqLD7/mmWr0DWA1YILABjKQ9CW86cyC7n/0=; b=NJM0wuW2eNsqbLvRu5QIZEZUTYlR2mAB1vNVwG0ez0ZyzC/8JetGlrus6OUqo4R+xP MXoMxdHCVlDqSoBD/5ztYIeDs/Xq+QuHBlqjxO5WinrJNGYtUet1KEnblIbs5pj9WbSZ mVGx6kvh2117EIHILKQysh7sbJS0fzStQEbRY= Received: by 10.52.23.80 with SMTP id k16mr1404469vdf.7.1327899886869; Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:04:46 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.220.222.3 with SMTP id ie3ls530364vcb.4.gmail; Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:04:44 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.52.76.163 with SMTP id l3mr1412333vdw.14.1327899884888; Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:04:44 -0800 (PST) Date: Sun, 29 Jan 2012 21:04:44 -0800 (PST) From: gleki Reply-To: lojban@googlegroups.com To: lojban@googlegroups.com Message-ID: <25349311.1101.1327899884425.JavaMail.geo-discussion-forums@vby1> Subject: [lojban] Bias suffixes in Ithkuil grammar MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Original-Sender: gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: ls.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com designates internal as permitted sender) smtp.mail=gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban@googlegroups.com; contact lojban+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 1004133512417 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_1100_33312372.1327899884423" X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.7 X-Spam_score_int: -6 X-Spam_bar: / ------=_Part_1100_33312372.1327899884423 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I'm reading The Ithkuil Grammar these days and=20 comparing Ithkuil roots, prefixes, suffixes and affixes with Lojban all the= =20 time. Here is an extract from the book that deals with BIAS suffixes. Their=20 meaning is like of selma'o UI. Below are numbered paragraphs (in the form of 5.11.1.??), abbreviation of= =20 each suffix (e.g., ASU), it's short name (e.g., ASSURATIVE) and it's full= =20 translation with examples. What I suggest is to find correct cmavo translations to each BIAS suffix. 5.11.1.1 =20 ASU ASSURATIVE This bias indicates certainty or self-assurance on the part of the speaker,= =20 translatable by such phrases as =91of course,=92 =91after all,=92 or =91nee= dless to=20 say.=92 The intensive form adds a sort of self-righteousness quality convey= ed=20 by I told you so! or You see?! =20 5.11.1.2 =20 HPB HYPERBOLIC This bias imparts a sense of hyperbole and exaggeration, captured in such= =20 colloquial expressions as a prolonged =91so=92 or =91totally=92 as in I so = don=92t=20 care! or That is totally not what I wanted. The intensive form adds a sense= =20 of =93one-upmanship=94 as conveyed by the expression That=92s nothing, wait= till=20 you hear this! 5.11.1.3 =20 COI COINCIDENTAL This bias conveys a sense of coincidence or happenstance as conveyed by the= =20 use of =91happen=92 in I happened to run into Jane or It just so happens th= at=20 I=92m busy. The intensive form adds a sense of serendipity, as conveyed by= =20 expressions such as =91as luck would have it,=92 =91luckily=92 or =91fortun= ately.=92 5.11.1.4 =20 ACP ACCEPTIVE This bias indicates a sense of general acceptance, as conveyed by the=20 expression =91it=92s just as well that.=92 The intensive form conveys resig= nation=20 to fate, as expressed by phrases such as =91like it or not=92 or =91=85and = there=92s=20 nothing to be done about it!=92 5.11.1.5 =20 RAC REACTIVE This bias indicates surprise, as conveyed by phrases such as =91my goodness= !=92=20 or =91it=92s surprising that.=92 The intensive form raises this sense to th= e=20 level of astonishment, as expressed by =91Wow!=92 or =91Amazing!=92 5.11.1.6 =20 STU STUPEFACTIVE This bias indicates a mild sense of wonder or reflection, as conveyed by=20 the phrase =91it=92s a wonder that=92 as in It=92s a wonder he didn=92t bre= ak a bone=20 in that fall. The intensive raises this sense to one of awe, as conveyed by= =20 expressions such as =91Well I=92ll be!=92 or =91Who would=92ve thought=85.= =92 5.11.1.7 =20 CTV CONTEMPLATIVE This bias expresses puzzlement, as conveyed by phrases such as =91I wonder= =20 how=85,=92 =91that=92s odd=85,=92 =91I don=92t get it=85,=92 or a quizzical= =91hmmmm.=92 The=20 intensive form raises this sense to sudden bewilderment, as in =91Huh? What= =20 do you mean=85?=92 5.11.1.8 =20 DPV DESPERATIVE This bias conveys a sense of dread or the conveyance of bad news, as=20 expressed by =91I don=92t know how to say this, but=85=92 or =91I=92m afrai= d that=85.=92=20 The intensive form raises this to the level of outright despair, as in =91O= h,=20 God=85=92 or =91Oh, no!=85.=92 5.11.1.9 =20 RVL REVELATIVE This bias expresses a sense of discovery, as conveyed by expressions such= =20 as =91No wonder=85.=92 or =91So that=92s why=85.=92 The intensive form rais= es this to a=20 sense of surprised revelation, as in =91Aha!=85.=92 or =91Well, well, well!= =85.=92 5.11.1.10 =20 GRT GRATIFICATIVE This bias conveys a sense of pleasantness or mild pleasure, as conveyed by= =20 expressions such as =91It=92s pleasant to=85=92 or =91I like to=85.=92 The = intensive=20 raises this to a state of bliss or rapture, as in =91Oh, there=92s nothing= =20 like=85.=92 or =91(Sigh) What bliss it is to=85.=92 5.11.1.11 =20 SOL SOLICITIVE This bias expresses the Ithkuil equivalent of English =91please.=92 In its= =20 intensive form, this transforms into an impatient demand, expressed in=20 =91C=92mon!,=92 =91What=92re you waiting for?=92 or the phrase =91so=85alre= ady!=92 as in the=20 sentence So dance already! 5.11.1.12 =20 SEL SELECTIVE This bias conveys the idea of subjective interpretation, as seen in=20 expressions such as =91Look at it this way=85,=92 =91As I see it,=85,=92 = =91Subjectively=20 speaking,=85,=92 or =91From one point of view,=85.=92 In its intensive form= , it=20 conveys a narrow, singleminded interpretation, as conveyed by expressions= =20 such as =91It can only mean one thing=85,=92 =91and that=92s that!=92 =91an= d that=92s all=20 there is to it!=92 or =91There=92s no two ways about it,=85.=92 5.11.1.13 =20 IRO IRONIC This bias conveys a sense of understatement, as conveyed in many subtle=20 ways in English such as tone of voice or deliberately undramatic word=20 choices. In its intensive form, this sense is raised to that of blatant=20 irony, as when saying =91Well! That was fun!=92 after an unpleasant or=20 harrowing experience. 5.11.1.14 =20 EXA EXASPERATIVE This bias conveys a sense of impatient exasperation, as conveyed by=20 expressions such as =91Look, don=92t you get it?=85=92 or =91Look, I=92m tr= ying to tell=20 you=85.=92 In its intensive form, this bias conveys a sense of outright=20 mockery, as expressed by a mocking tone of voice in English, or by an=20 deliberate, exasperated echolalia, i.e., the repeating of a person=92s word= s=20 back at them in contempt. 5.11.1.15 =20 LTL LITERAL This bias underscores a distinction between context and literalness,=20 expressed by the English phrases =91technically speaking=92 or =91Context a= side=20 for a moment,=85=92 as in Technically speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e.,= it=92s=20 a polka version of a non-polka song). In the intensive form, this bias=20 conveys a sense of total literalness and exactitude, expressed in English= =20 by phrases such as =91strictly speaking=92 or =91to put it in clinical term= s=85.=92=20 as in Strictly speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e., its rhythm is not that= =20 of a true polka). 5.11.1.16 =20 CRR CORRECTIVE This bias indicates a correction on the part of the speaker, as expressed= =20 in English by =91that is to say=85,=92 =91What I mean(t) to say is=85=92 or= =91I mean=85.=92=20 The intensive form indicates a sense of subjective equivalence, as=20 expressed in English by =91in a manner of speaking,=92 =91so to speak,=92 o= r =91for=20 all intents and purposes.=92 5.11.1.17 =20 EUP EUPHEMISTIC This bias indicates a rephrasing or substitution of wording for means of=20 clarification, as expressed in English by =91in other words=85=92 or =91to = put it=20 more exactly=85.=92 The intensive form conveys a sense of outright euphemis= m,=20 as expressed in English by phrases such as =91Let=92s just say that=85.=92 = or=20 =91Well, let me put it this way=85.=92 5.11.1.18 =20 SKP SKEPTICAL This bias conveys a sense of skepticism, as expressed in English by =91It= =92s=20 (a little) hard to believe that=85.=94 The intensive form raises this sense= to=20 that of outright incredulity, as in a derisive =91Oh, yeah! Suuuure!=92 or = a=20 sneering =91Yeah, right!=92 5.11.1.19 =20 CYN CYNICAL This bias conveys a sense of incredulous unexpectedness or cynical=20 surprise, as in =93You mean to tell me=85?=92 or =91You gotta be kidding me= , =85.=92=20 The intensive form shifts this to outright sarcasm upon the discovery, as= =20 in =91So! You just had to go and=85=92 or =91Well, wouldn=92t you know it, = =85=92 or =91Oh,=20 nice!=85.=92 5.11.1.20 =20 CTP CONTEMPTIVE This bias expresses simple disapproval, as conveyed by phrases such as =93I= =20 don=92t like the fact that=85=92 or =91It bothers me that=85.=92 The intens= ive form=20 raises this to all-out contempt or disgust, as conveyed by =91Shit!=92 or = =91What=20 nonsense!=92 or =91What bullshit!=92 5.11.1.21 =20 DSM DISMISSIVE This bias conveys a sense of downplaying or lowering of expectations, as=20 expressed in English by =93sorry, but=85=92 or =91It=92s nothing. It=92s ju= st=85=94 as in=20 It=92s just a small cut or Sorry, but it=92s only the mailman. The intensiv= e=20 form expresses outright dismissal or insignificance, as conveyed by such=20 expressions as =91Is that it?=92 =91Big deal!=92 or =91So what!?=92 5.11.1.22 =20 IDG INDIGNATIVE This bias conveys a sense of second-guessing, as expressed in English by=20 =91I=92m sorry, what did you say?=92 or =91Say again? You want me to what?= =92 or =91I=20 beg your pardon?=92 The intensive form shifts this sense to outright=20 indignation, as conveyed by expressions such as =91The nerve!=92 or =91How= =20 dare=85!?=94 5.11.1.23 =20 SGS SUGGESTIVE This bias conveys the sense of suggestiveness conveyed in English by such= =20 phrases as =91what if=85=92 or =91It could be that=85.=92 The intensive for= m shifts=20 this to a sense of a formal suggestion or proposition, as in =91Consider=20 this: =85=92 or =91Posit the following: =85=92 or =91Assume for the sake of= argument=20 that=85.=92 5.11.1.24 =20 PPV PROPOSITIVE This bias expresses a proposal or suggested activity, as conveyed by=20 English phrases such as =91How about,=92 =91We could,=92 or general suggest= ions, as=20 in the sentences How about going for a stroll?, We could meet the clowns=20 behind the barn if you want, or You can sit on my lap. The intensive form= =20 turns this into an ultimatum, as conveyed in English by phrases such as=20 =91take it or leave it,=92 =91this is your last chance,=92 or =91it=92s now= or never.=92=20 --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= lojban" group. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lo= jban/-/JRLfwDnb9N0J. To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegrou= ps.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= ?hl=3Den. ------=_Part_1100_33312372.1327899884423 Content-Type: text/html; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable I'm reading The Ithkuil Grammar these d= ays and comparing Ithkuil roots, prefixes, suffixes and affixes with Lojban= all the time.

Here is an extract from the book that deals with BIAS= suffixes. Their meaning is like of selma'o UI.

Below are numbered p= aragraphs (in the form of 5.11.1.??), abbreviation of each suffix (e.g., AS= U), it's short name (e.g., ASSURATIVE) and it's full translation with examp= les.

What I suggest is to find correct cmavo translations to each BI= AS suffix.

5.11.1.1
ASU
   =     ASSURATIVE

This bias indicates certainty or self= -assurance on the part of the speaker, translatable by such phrases as =91o= f course,=92 =91after all,=92 or =91needless to say.=92 The intensive form = adds a sort of self-righteousness quality conveyed by I told you so! or You= see?!

5.11.1.2
HPB
  =     HYPERBOLIC

This bias imparts a sense of hy= perbole and exaggeration, captured in such colloquial expressions as a prol= onged =91so=92 or =91totally=92 as in I so don=92t care! or That is totally= not what I wanted. The intensive form adds a sense of =93one-upmanship=94 = as conveyed by the expression That=92s nothing, wait till you hear this!
5.11.1.3
COI
      = COINCIDENTAL

This bias conveys a sense of coincidence or happ= enstance as conveyed by the use of =91happen=92 in I happened to run into J= ane or It just so happens that I=92m busy. The intensive form adds a sense = of serendipity, as conveyed by expressions such as =91as luck would have it= ,=92 =91luckily=92 or =91fortunately.=92

5.11.1.4    =
ACP
        ACCEPTIVE

This bia= s indicates a sense of general acceptance, as conveyed by the expression = =91it=92s just as well that.=92 The intensive form conveys resignation to f= ate, as expressed by phrases such as =91like it or not=92 or =91=85and ther= e=92s nothing to be done about it!=92

5.11.1.5     RAC
        REACTIVE

This bias in= dicates surprise, as conveyed by phrases such as =91my goodness!=92 or =91i= t=92s surprising that.=92 The intensive form raises this sense to the level= of astonishment, as expressed by =91Wow!=92 or =91Amazing!=92

5.11.= 1.6
STU
        STU= PEFACTIVE

This bias indicates a mild sense of wonder or reflection, = as conveyed by the phrase =91it=92s a wonder that=92 as in It=92s a wonder = he didn=92t break a bone in that fall. The intensive raises this sense to o= ne of awe, as conveyed by expressions such as =91Well I=92ll be!=92 or =91W= ho would=92ve thought=85.=92

5.11.1.7
CTV
=         CONTEMPLATIVE

This bias expres= ses puzzlement, as conveyed by phrases such as =91I wonder how=85,=92 =91th= at=92s odd=85,=92 =91I don=92t get it=85,=92 or a quizzical =91hmmmm.=92 Th= e intensive form raises this sense to sudden bewilderment, as in =91Huh? Wh= at do you mean=85?=92

5.11.1.8
DPV
&= nbsp;     DESPERATIVE

This bias conveys a sense= of dread or the conveyance of bad news, as expressed by =91I don=92t know = how to say this, but=85=92 or =91I=92m afraid that=85.=92 The intensive for= m raises this to the level of outright despair, as in =91Oh, God=85=92 or = =91Oh, no!=85.=92

5.11.1.9
RVL
  = ;     REVELATIVE

This bias expresses a sense of= discovery, as conveyed by expressions such as =91No wonder=85.=92 or =91So= that=92s why=85.=92 The intensive form raises this to a sense of surprised= revelation, as in =91Aha!=85.=92 or =91Well, well, well!=85.=92

5.1= 1.1.10
GRT
        = GRATIFICATIVE

This bias conveys a sense of pleasantness or mild plea= sure, as conveyed by expressions such as =91It=92s pleasant to=85=92 or =91= I like to=85.=92 The intensive raises this to a state of bliss or rapture, = as in =91Oh, there=92s nothing like=85.=92 or =91(Sigh) What bliss it is to= =85.=92

5.11.1.11
SOL
    &= nbsp;   SOLICITIVE

This bias expresses the Ithkuil equival= ent of English =91please.=92 In its intensive form, this transforms into an= impatient demand, expressed in =91C=92mon!,=92 =91What=92re you waiting fo= r?=92 or the phrase =91so=85already!=92 as in the sentence So dance already= !

5.11.1.12
SEL
    &= nbsp; SELECTIVE

This bias conveys the idea of subjective inter= pretation, as seen in expressions such as =91Look at it this way=85,=92 =91= As I see it,=85,=92 =91Subjectively speaking,=85,=92 or =91From one point o= f view,=85.=92 In its intensive form, it conveys a narrow, singleminded int= erpretation, as conveyed by expressions such as =91It can only mean one thi= ng=85,=92 =91and that=92s that!=92 =91and that=92s all there is to it!=92 o= r =91There=92s no two ways about it,=85.=92

5.11.1.13   &n= bsp;
IRO
        IRONIC

This bi= as conveys a sense of understatement, as conveyed in many subtle ways in En= glish such as tone of voice or deliberately undramatic word choices. In its= intensive form, this sense is raised to that of blatant irony, as when say= ing =91Well! That was fun!=92 after an unpleasant or harrowing experience.<= br>
5.11.1.14
EXA
    &nb= sp; EXASPERATIVE

This bias conveys a sense of impatient exaspe= ration, as conveyed by expressions such as =91Look, don=92t you get it?=85= =92 or =91Look, I=92m trying to tell you=85.=92 In its intensive form, this= bias conveys a sense of outright mockery, as expressed by a mocking tone o= f voice in English, or by an deliberate, exasperated echolalia, i.e., the r= epeating of a person=92s words back at them in contempt.

5.11.1.15 &= nbsp;
LTL
        LITERAL<= br>
This bias underscores a distinction between context and literalness,= expressed by the English phrases =91technically speaking=92 or =91Context = aside for a moment,=85=92 as in Technically speaking, that=92s not a polka = (i.e., it=92s a polka version of a non-polka song). In the intensive form, = this bias conveys a sense of total literalness and exactitude, expressed in= English by phrases such as =91strictly speaking=92 or =91to put it in clin= ical terms=85.=92 as in Strictly speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e., its = rhythm is not that of a true polka).

5.11.1.16     CRR
        CORRECTIVE

This bias = indicates a correction on the part of the speaker, as expressed in English = by =91that is to say=85,=92 =91What I mean(t) to say is=85=92 or =91I mean= =85.=92 The intensive form indicates a sense of subjective equivalence, as = expressed in English by =91in a manner of speaking,=92 =91so to speak,=92 o= r =91for all intents and purposes.=92

5.11.1.17     <= br>EUP
        EUPHEMISTIC

This bia= s indicates a rephrasing or substitution of wording for means of clarificat= ion, as expressed in English by =91in other words=85=92 or =91to put it mor= e exactly=85.=92 The intensive form conveys a sense of outright euphemism, = as expressed in English by phrases such as =91Let=92s just say that=85.=92 = or =91Well, let me put it this way=85.=92

5.11.1.18   &nbs= p;
SKP
        SKEPTICAL

This b= ias conveys a sense of skepticism, as expressed in English by =91It=92s (a = little) hard to believe that=85.=94 The intensive form raises this sense to= that of outright incredulity, as in a derisive =91Oh, yeah! Suuuure!=92 or= a sneering =91Yeah, right!=92

5.11.1.19
CYN<= br>        CYNICAL

This bias conveys a= sense of incredulous unexpectedness or cynical surprise, as in =93You mean= to tell me=85?=92 or =91You gotta be kidding me, =85.=92 The intensive for= m shifts this to outright sarcasm upon the discovery, as in =91So! You just= had to go and=85=92 or =91Well, wouldn=92t you know it, =85=92 or =91Oh, n= ice!=85.=92

5.11.1.20
CTP
  &nbs= p;     CONTEMPTIVE

This bias expresses simple disappr= oval, as conveyed by phrases such as =93I don=92t like the fact that=85=92 = or =91It bothers me that=85.=92 The intensive form raises this to all-out c= ontempt or disgust, as conveyed by =91Shit!=92 or =91What nonsense!=92 or = =91What bullshit!=92

5.11.1.21
DSM
&= nbsp;     DISMISSIVE

This bias conveys a sense = of downplaying or lowering of expectations, as expressed in English by =93s= orry, but=85=92 or =91It=92s nothing. It=92s just=85=94 as in It=92s just a= small cut or Sorry, but it=92s only the mailman. The intensive form expres= ses outright dismissal or insignificance, as conveyed by such expressions a= s =91Is that it?=92 =91Big deal!=92 or =91So what!?=92

5.11.1.22 &nb= sp;
IDG
        INDIGNATIV= E

This bias conveys a sense of second-guessing, as expressed in Engl= ish by =91I=92m sorry, what did you say?=92 or =91Say again? You want me to= what?=92 or =91I beg your pardon?=92 The intensive form shifts this sense = to outright indignation, as conveyed by expressions such as =91The nerve!= =92 or =91How dare=85!?=94

5.11.1.23
SGS
&= nbsp;       SUGGESTIVE

This bias conveys th= e sense of suggestiveness conveyed in English by such phrases as =91what if= =85=92 or =91It could be that=85.=92 The intensive form shifts this to a se= nse of a formal suggestion or proposition, as in =91Consider this: =85=92 o= r =91Posit the following: =85=92 or =91Assume for the sake of argument that= =85.=92

5.11.1.24
PPV
    &= nbsp;   PROPOSITIVE
This bias expresses a proposal or suggeste= d activity, as conveyed by English phrases such as =91How about,=92 =91We c= ould,=92 or general suggestions, as in the sentences How about going for a = stroll?, We could meet the clowns behind the barn if you want, or You can s= it on my lap. The intensive form turns this into an ultimatum, as conveyed = in English by phrases such as =91take it or leave it,=92 =91this is your la= st chance,=92 or =91it=92s now or never.=92

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To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegrou= ps.com.
For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= ?hl=3Den.
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