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From: MorphemeAddict <lytlesw@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 30 Jan 2012 04:27:00 -0500
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Subject: Re: [lojban] Bias suffixes in Ithkuil grammar
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What are your own suggestions?

stevo

On Mon, Jan 30, 2012 at 12:04 AM, gleki <gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com> wrote:

> I'm reading The Ithkuil Grammar <http://ithkuil.net/> these days and
> comparing Ithkuil roots, prefixes, suffixes and affixes with Lojban all t=
he
> time.
>
> Here is an extract from the book that deals with BIAS suffixes. Their
> meaning is like of selma'o UI.
>
> Below are numbered paragraphs (in the form of 5.11.1.??), abbreviation of
> each suffix (e.g., ASU), it's short name (e.g., ASSURATIVE) and it's full
> translation with examples.
>
> What I suggest is to find correct cmavo translations to each BIAS suffix.
>
> 5.11.1.1
> ASU
>         ASSURATIVE
>
> This bias indicates certainty or self-assurance on the part of the
> speaker, translatable by such phrases as =91of course,=92 =91after all,=
=92 or
> =91needless to say.=92 The intensive form adds a sort of self-righteousne=
ss
> quality conveyed by I told you so! or You see?!
>
>
> 5.11.1.2
> HPB
>         HYPERBOLIC
>
> This bias imparts a sense of hyperbole and exaggeration, captured in such
> colloquial expressions as a prolonged =91so=92 or =91totally=92 as in I s=
o don=92t
> care! or That is totally not what I wanted. The intensive form adds a sen=
se
> of =93one-upmanship=94 as conveyed by the expression That=92s nothing, wa=
it till
> you hear this!
>
> 5.11.1.3
> COI
>         COINCIDENTAL
>
> This bias conveys a sense of coincidence or happenstance as conveyed by
> the use of =91happen=92 in I happened to run into Jane or It just so happ=
ens
> that I=92m busy. The intensive form adds a sense of serendipity, as conve=
yed
> by expressions such as =91as luck would have it,=92 =91luckily=92 or =91f=
ortunately.=92
>
> 5.11.1.4
> ACP
>         ACCEPTIVE
>
> This bias indicates a sense of general acceptance, as conveyed by the
> expression =91it=92s just as well that.=92 The intensive form conveys res=
ignation
> to fate, as expressed by phrases such as =91like it or not=92 or =91=85an=
d there=92s
> nothing to be done about it!=92
>
> 5.11.1.5
> RAC
>         REACTIVE
>
> This bias indicates surprise, as conveyed by phrases such as =91my
> goodness!=92 or =91it=92s surprising that.=92 The intensive form raises t=
his sense
> to the level of astonishment, as expressed by =91Wow!=92 or =91Amazing!=
=92
>
> 5.11.1.6
> STU
>         STUPEFACTIVE
>
> This bias indicates a mild sense of wonder or reflection, as conveyed by
> the phrase =91it=92s a wonder that=92 as in It=92s a wonder he didn=92t b=
reak a bone
> in that fall. The intensive raises this sense to one of awe, as conveyed =
by
> expressions such as =91Well I=92ll be!=92 or =91Who would=92ve thought=85=
.=92
>
> 5.11.1.7
> CTV
>         CONTEMPLATIVE
>
> This bias expresses puzzlement, as conveyed by phrases such as =91I wonde=
r
> how=85,=92 =91that=92s odd=85,=92 =91I don=92t get it=85,=92 or a quizzic=
al =91hmmmm.=92 The
> intensive form raises this sense to sudden bewilderment, as in =91Huh? Wh=
at
> do you mean=85?=92
>
> 5.11.1.8
> DPV
>         DESPERATIVE
>
> This bias conveys a sense of dread or the conveyance of bad news, as
> expressed by =91I don=92t know how to say this, but=85=92 or =91I=92m afr=
aid that=85.=92
> The intensive form raises this to the level of outright despair, as in =
=91Oh,
> God=85=92 or =91Oh, no!=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.9
> RVL
>         REVELATIVE
>
> This bias expresses a sense of discovery, as conveyed by expressions such
> as =91No wonder=85.=92 or =91So that=92s why=85.=92 The intensive form ra=
ises this to a
> sense of surprised revelation, as in =91Aha!=85.=92 or =91Well, well, wel=
l!=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.10
> GRT
>         GRATIFICATIVE
>
> This bias conveys a sense of pleasantness or mild pleasure, as conveyed b=
y
> expressions such as =91It=92s pleasant to=85=92 or =91I like to=85.=92 Th=
e intensive
> raises this to a state of bliss or rapture, as in =91Oh, there=92s nothin=
g
> like=85.=92 or =91(Sigh) What bliss it is to=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.11
> SOL
>         SOLICITIVE
>
> This bias expresses the Ithkuil equivalent of English =91please.=92 In it=
s
> intensive form, this transforms into an impatient demand, expressed in
> =91C=92mon!,=92 =91What=92re you waiting for?=92 or the phrase =91so=85al=
ready!=92 as in the
> sentence So dance already!
>
> 5.11.1.12
> SEL
>         SELECTIVE
>
> This bias conveys the idea of subjective interpretation, as seen in
> expressions such as =91Look at it this way=85,=92 =91As I see it,=85,=92 =
=91Subjectively
> speaking,=85,=92 or =91From one point of view,=85.=92 In its intensive fo=
rm, it
> conveys a narrow, singleminded interpretation, as conveyed by expressions
> such as =91It can only mean one thing=85,=92 =91and that=92s that!=92 =91=
and that=92s all
> there is to it!=92 or =91There=92s no two ways about it,=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.13
> IRO
>         IRONIC
>
> This bias conveys a sense of understatement, as conveyed in many subtle
> ways in English such as tone of voice or deliberately undramatic word
> choices. In its intensive form, this sense is raised to that of blatant
> irony, as when saying =91Well! That was fun!=92 after an unpleasant or
> harrowing experience.
>
> 5.11.1.14
> EXA
>         EXASPERATIVE
>
> This bias conveys a sense of impatient exasperation, as conveyed by
> expressions such as =91Look, don=92t you get it?=85=92 or =91Look, I=92m =
trying to tell
> you=85.=92 In its intensive form, this bias conveys a sense of outright
> mockery, as expressed by a mocking tone of voice in English, or by an
> deliberate, exasperated echolalia, i.e., the repeating of a person=92s wo=
rds
> back at them in contempt.
>
> 5.11.1.15
> LTL
>         LITERAL
>
> This bias underscores a distinction between context and literalness,
> expressed by the English phrases =91technically speaking=92 or =91Context=
 aside
> for a moment,=85=92 as in Technically speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e=
., it=92s
> a polka version of a non-polka song). In the intensive form, this bias
> conveys a sense of total literalness and exactitude, expressed in English
> by phrases such as =91strictly speaking=92 or =91to put it in clinical te=
rms=85.=92
> as in Strictly speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e., its rhythm is not th=
at
> of a true polka).
>
> 5.11.1.16
> CRR
>         CORRECTIVE
>
> This bias indicates a correction on the part of the speaker, as expressed
> in English by =91that is to say=85,=92 =91What I mean(t) to say is=85=92 =
or =91I mean=85.=92
> The intensive form indicates a sense of subjective equivalence, as
> expressed in English by =91in a manner of speaking,=92 =91so to speak,=92=
 or =91for
> all intents and purposes.=92
>
> 5.11.1.17
> EUP
>         EUPHEMISTIC
>
> This bias indicates a rephrasing or substitution of wording for means of
> clarification, as expressed in English by =91in other words=85=92 or =91t=
o put it
> more exactly=85.=92 The intensive form conveys a sense of outright euphem=
ism,
> as expressed in English by phrases such as =91Let=92s just say that=85.=
=92 or
> =91Well, let me put it this way=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.18
> SKP
>         SKEPTICAL
>
> This bias conveys a sense of skepticism, as expressed in English by =91It=
=92s
> (a little) hard to believe that=85.=94 The intensive form raises this sen=
se to
> that of outright incredulity, as in a derisive =91Oh, yeah! Suuuure!=92 o=
r a
> sneering =91Yeah, right!=92
>
> 5.11.1.19
> CYN
>         CYNICAL
>
> This bias conveys a sense of incredulous unexpectedness or cynical
> surprise, as in =93You mean to tell me=85?=92 or =91You gotta be kidding =
me, =85.=92
> The intensive form shifts this to outright sarcasm upon the discovery, as
> in =91So! You just had to go and=85=92 or =91Well, wouldn=92t you know it=
, =85=92 or =91Oh,
> nice!=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.20
> CTP
>         CONTEMPTIVE
>
> This bias expresses simple disapproval, as conveyed by phrases such as =
=93I
> don=92t like the fact that=85=92 or =91It bothers me that=85.=92 The inte=
nsive form
> raises this to all-out contempt or disgust, as conveyed by =91Shit!=92 or=
 =91What
> nonsense!=92 or =91What bullshit!=92
>
> 5.11.1.21
> DSM
>         DISMISSIVE
>
> This bias conveys a sense of downplaying or lowering of expectations, as
> expressed in English by =93sorry, but=85=92 or =91It=92s nothing. It=92s =
just=85=94 as in
> It=92s just a small cut or Sorry, but it=92s only the mailman. The intens=
ive
> form expresses outright dismissal or insignificance, as conveyed by such
> expressions as =91Is that it?=92 =91Big deal!=92 or =91So what!?=92
>
> 5.11.1.22
> IDG
>         INDIGNATIVE
>
> This bias conveys a sense of second-guessing, as expressed in English by
> =91I=92m sorry, what did you say?=92 or =91Say again? You want me to what=
?=92 or =91I
> beg your pardon?=92 The intensive form shifts this sense to outright
> indignation, as conveyed by expressions such as =91The nerve!=92 or =91Ho=
w
> dare=85!?=94
>
> 5.11.1.23
> SGS
>         SUGGESTIVE
>
> This bias conveys the sense of suggestiveness conveyed in English by such
> phrases as =91what if=85=92 or =91It could be that=85.=92 The intensive f=
orm shifts
> this to a sense of a formal suggestion or proposition, as in =91Consider
> this: =85=92 or =91Posit the following: =85=92 or =91Assume for the sake =
of argument
> that=85.=92
>
> 5.11.1.24
> PPV
>         PROPOSITIVE
> This bias expresses a proposal or suggested activity, as conveyed by
> English phrases such as =91How about,=92 =91We could,=92 or general sugge=
stions, as
> in the sentences How about going for a stroll?, We could meet the clowns
> behind the barn if you want, or You can sit on my lap. The intensive form
> turns this into an ultimatum, as conveyed in English by phrases such as
> =91take it or leave it,=92 =91this is your last chance,=92 or =91it=92s n=
ow or never.=92
>
> --
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What are your own suggestions?=A0<div><br></div><div>stevo<br><br><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 30, 2012 at 12:04 AM, gleki <span dir=3D"ltr"=
>&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com">gleki.is.my.name@gmail.c=
om</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I&#39;m reading <a href=3D"http://ithkuil.ne=
t/" target=3D"_blank">The Ithkuil Grammar</a> these days and comparing Ithk=
uil roots, prefixes, suffixes and affixes with Lojban all the time.<br>

<br>Here is an extract from the book that deals with BIAS suffixes. Their m=
eaning is like of selma&#39;o UI.<br><br>Below are numbered paragraphs (in =
the form of 5.11.1.??), abbreviation of each suffix (e.g., ASU), it&#39;s s=
hort name (e.g., ASSURATIVE) and it&#39;s full translation with examples.<b=
r>

<br>What I suggest is to find correct cmavo translations to each BIAS suffi=
x.<br><br>5.11.1.1 =A0=A0=A0 <br>ASU<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 ASSURATIVE<br><=
br>This bias indicates certainty or self-assurance on the part of the speak=
er, translatable by such phrases as =91of course,=92 =91after all,=92 or =
=91needless to say.=92 The intensive form adds a sort of self-righteousness=
 quality conveyed by I told you so! or You see?!<br>

<br>=A0<br>5.11.1.2 =A0=A0=A0 <br>HPB<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 HYPERBOLIC<br>=
<br>This bias imparts a sense of hyperbole and exaggeration, captured in su=
ch colloquial expressions as a prolonged =91so=92 or =91totally=92 as in I =
so don=92t care! or That is totally not what I wanted. The intensive form a=
dds a sense of =93one-upmanship=94 as conveyed by the expression That=92s n=
othing, wait till you hear this!<br>

<br>5.11.1.3 =A0=A0=A0 <br>COI<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 COINCIDENTAL<br><br>T=
his bias conveys a sense of coincidence or happenstance as conveyed by the =
use of =91happen=92 in I happened to run into Jane or It just so happens th=
at I=92m busy. The intensive form adds a sense of serendipity, as conveyed =
by expressions such as =91as luck would have it,=92 =91luckily=92 or =91for=
tunately.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.4 =A0=A0=A0 <br>ACP<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 ACCEPTIVE<br><br>This=
 bias indicates a sense of general acceptance, as conveyed by the expressio=
n =91it=92s just as well that.=92 The intensive form conveys resignation to=
 fate, as expressed by phrases such as =91like it or not=92 or =91=85and th=
ere=92s nothing to be done about it!=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.5 =A0=A0=A0 <br>RAC<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 REACTIVE<br><br>This =
bias indicates surprise, as conveyed by phrases such as =91my goodness!=92 =
or =91it=92s surprising that.=92 The intensive form raises this sense to th=
e level of astonishment, as expressed by =91Wow!=92 or =91Amazing!=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.6 =A0=A0=A0 <br>STU<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 STUPEFACTIVE<br><br>T=
his bias indicates a mild sense of wonder or reflection, as conveyed by the=
 phrase =91it=92s a wonder that=92 as in It=92s a wonder he didn=92t break =
a bone in that fall. The intensive raises this sense to one of awe, as conv=
eyed by expressions such as =91Well I=92ll be!=92 or =91Who would=92ve thou=
ght=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.7 =A0=A0=A0 <br>CTV<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 CONTEMPLATIVE<br><br>=
This bias expresses puzzlement, as conveyed by phrases such as =91I wonder =
how=85,=92 =91that=92s odd=85,=92 =91I don=92t get it=85,=92 or a quizzical=
 =91hmmmm.=92 The intensive form raises this sense to sudden bewilderment, =
as in =91Huh? What do you mean=85?=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.8 =A0=A0=A0 <br>DPV<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 DESPERATIVE<br><br>Th=
is bias conveys a sense of dread or the conveyance of bad news, as expresse=
d by =91I don=92t know how to say this, but=85=92 or =91I=92m afraid that=
=85.=92 The intensive form raises this to the level of outright despair, as=
 in =91Oh, God=85=92 or =91Oh, no!=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.9 =A0=A0=A0 <br>RVL<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 REVELATIVE<br><br>Thi=
s bias expresses a sense of discovery, as conveyed by expressions such as =
=91No wonder=85.=92 or =91So that=92s why=85.=92 The intensive form raises =
this to a sense of surprised revelation, as in =91Aha!=85.=92 or =91Well, w=
ell, well!=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.10 =A0=A0=A0 <br>GRT<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 GRATIFICATIVE<br><br=
>This bias conveys a sense of pleasantness or mild pleasure, as conveyed by=
 expressions such as =91It=92s pleasant to=85=92 or =91I like to=85.=92 The=
 intensive raises this to a state of bliss or rapture, as in =91Oh, there=
=92s nothing like=85.=92 or =91(Sigh) What bliss it is to=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.11 =A0=A0=A0 <br>SOL<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 SOLICITIVE<br><br>Th=
is bias expresses the Ithkuil equivalent of English =91please.=92 In its in=
tensive form, this transforms into an impatient demand, expressed in =91C=
=92mon!,=92 =91What=92re you waiting for?=92 or the phrase =91so=85already!=
=92 as in the sentence So dance already!<br>

<br>5.11.1.12 =A0=A0=A0 <br>SEL<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 SELECTIVE<br><br>Thi=
s bias conveys the idea of subjective interpretation, as seen in expression=
s such as =91Look at it this way=85,=92 =91As I see it,=85,=92 =91Subjectiv=
ely speaking,=85,=92 or =91From one point of view,=85.=92 In its intensive =
form, it conveys a narrow, singleminded interpretation, as conveyed by expr=
essions such as =91It can only mean one thing=85,=92 =91and that=92s that!=
=92 =91and that=92s all there is to it!=92 or =91There=92s no two ways abou=
t it,=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.13 =A0=A0=A0 <br>IRO<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 IRONIC<br><br>This b=
ias conveys a sense of understatement, as conveyed in many subtle ways in E=
nglish such as tone of voice or deliberately undramatic word choices. In it=
s intensive form, this sense is raised to that of blatant irony, as when sa=
ying =91Well! That was fun!=92 after an unpleasant or harrowing experience.=
<br>

<br>5.11.1.14 =A0=A0=A0 <br>EXA<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 EXASPERATIVE<br><br>=
This bias conveys a sense of impatient exasperation, as conveyed by express=
ions such as =91Look, don=92t you get it?=85=92 or =91Look, I=92m trying to=
 tell you=85.=92 In its intensive form, this bias conveys a sense of outrig=
ht mockery, as expressed by a mocking tone of voice in English, or by an de=
liberate, exasperated echolalia, i.e., the repeating of a person=92s words =
back at them in contempt.<br>

<br>5.11.1.15 =A0=A0=A0 <br>LTL<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 LITERAL<br><br>This =
bias underscores a distinction between context and literalness, expressed b=
y the English phrases =91technically speaking=92 or =91Context aside for a =
moment,=85=92 as in Technically speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e., it=92=
s a polka version of a non-polka song). In the intensive form, this bias co=
nveys a sense of total literalness and exactitude, expressed in English by =
phrases such as =91strictly speaking=92 or =91to put it in clinical terms=
=85.=92 as in Strictly speaking, that=92s not a polka (i.e., its rhythm is =
not that of a true polka).<br>

<br>5.11.1.16 =A0=A0=A0 <br>CRR<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 CORRECTIVE<br><br>Th=
is bias indicates a correction on the part of the speaker, as expressed in =
English by =91that is to say=85,=92 =91What I mean(t) to say is=85=92 or =
=91I mean=85.=92 The intensive form indicates a sense of subjective equival=
ence, as expressed in English by =91in a manner of speaking,=92 =91so to sp=
eak,=92 or =91for all intents and purposes.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.17 =A0=A0=A0 <br>EUP<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 EUPHEMISTIC<br><br>T=
his bias indicates a rephrasing or substitution of wording for means of cla=
rification, as expressed in English by =91in other words=85=92 or =91to put=
 it more exactly=85.=92 The intensive form conveys a sense of outright euph=
emism, as expressed in English by phrases such as =91Let=92s just say that=
=85.=92 or =91Well, let me put it this way=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.18 =A0=A0=A0 <br>SKP<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 SKEPTICAL<br><br>Thi=
s bias conveys a sense of skepticism, as expressed in English by =91It=92s =
(a little) hard to believe that=85.=94 The intensive form raises this sense=
 to that of outright incredulity, as in a derisive =91Oh, yeah! Suuuure!=92=
 or a sneering =91Yeah, right!=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.19 =A0=A0=A0 <br>CYN<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 CYNICAL<br><br>This =
bias conveys a sense of incredulous unexpectedness or cynical surprise, as =
in =93You mean to tell me=85?=92 or =91You gotta be kidding me, =85.=92 The=
 intensive form shifts this to outright sarcasm upon the discovery, as in =
=91So! You just had to go and=85=92 or =91Well, wouldn=92t you know it, =85=
=92 or =91Oh, nice!=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.20 =A0=A0=A0 <br>CTP<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 CONTEMPTIVE<br><br>T=
his bias expresses simple disapproval, as conveyed by phrases such as =93I =
don=92t like the fact that=85=92 or =91It bothers me that=85.=92 The intens=
ive form raises this to all-out contempt or disgust, as conveyed by =91Shit=
!=92 or =91What nonsense!=92 or =91What bullshit!=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.21 =A0=A0=A0 <br>DSM<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 DISMISSIVE<br><br>Th=
is bias conveys a sense of downplaying or lowering of expectations, as expr=
essed in English by =93sorry, but=85=92 or =91It=92s nothing. It=92s just=
=85=94 as in It=92s just a small cut or Sorry, but it=92s only the mailman.=
 The intensive form expresses outright dismissal or insignificance, as conv=
eyed by such expressions as =91Is that it?=92 =91Big deal!=92 or =91So what=
!?=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.22 =A0=A0=A0 <br>IDG<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 INDIGNATIVE<br><br>T=
his bias conveys a sense of second-guessing, as expressed in English by =91=
I=92m sorry, what did you say?=92 or =91Say again? You want me to what?=92 =
or =91I beg your pardon?=92 The intensive form shifts this sense to outrigh=
t indignation, as conveyed by expressions such as =91The nerve!=92 or =91Ho=
w dare=85!?=94<br>

<br>5.11.1.23 =A0=A0=A0 <br>SGS<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 SUGGESTIVE<br><br>Th=
is bias conveys the sense of suggestiveness conveyed in English by such phr=
ases as =91what if=85=92 or =91It could be that=85.=92 The intensive form s=
hifts this to a sense of a formal suggestion or proposition, as in =91Consi=
der this: =85=92 or =91Posit the following: =85=92 or =91Assume for the sak=
e of argument that=85.=92<br>

<br>5.11.1.24 =A0=A0=A0 <br>PPV<br>=A0=A0=A0 =A0=A0=A0 PROPOSITIVE<br>This =
bias expresses a proposal or suggested activity, as conveyed by English phr=
ases such as =91How about,=92 =91We could,=92 or general suggestions, as in=
 the sentences How about going for a stroll?, We could meet the clowns behi=
nd the barn if you want, or You can sit on my lap. The intensive form turns=
 this into an ultimatum, as conveyed in English by phrases such as =91take =
it or leave it,=92 =91this is your last chance,=92 or =91it=92s now or neve=
r.=92 <br>

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