As far as I understand, {makau} etc. are analogous to {ce&= #39;u}, except in {du'u} abstractions instead of {ka} abstractions.
=

That's an interesting way to look at i= t, but it makes it sound as if indirect questions can't be used inside = a ka abstraction, which is not the case: {.i mi do simsa lo ka makau pluka = ce'u}.

In this case, the indirect question places a focus on what it is that = is similar between us. In fact, it delegates the similarity to pluka1 in su= ch a way that the bridi is implying that {lo pluka be mi cu simsa lo pluka = be do mobu} (mobu is a variable I assign to {lo ka mokau}. I have a couple = other such variables: {dubu} -> {lo ka makau ce'u du}; {me'aubu}= -> {lo ka me'au ce'u}).=A0

Another example of ka-kau is {mi lojbo lo ka makau bang= u ce'u}. Here there is an implicit claim that {lo lojbo cu bangu mi} an= d that that implies that {mi lojbo}.

{djuno2} is a= ctually a ka, but we pretend that it isn't because the gimste made its = definition clumsy to use that way. Indeed, the djuno2 is a property of the = djuno3. (Why? Because you can't say "I know I like to swim about h= amburgers.") When we use makau in djuno2, {.i mi djuno fi lo zarci fe = lo ka makau klama ce'u}, (That's how guaspi's {djuno} looks lik= e,) you're saying that you know what value will be returned by the abst= raction-function. The abstraction here is a function relating a destination= to the person/thing going there. We use "lo zarci" as an x-value= , and {makau} signals where the y-value comes from. (In case you're won= dering what a non-kau ka-abstraction returns, it's a simple du'u.)<= /div>

As for the difference between direct questions and indi= rect questions, we take a detour into the world of natlangs. "I know w= ho went to the store" is the translation of my most recent example. Th= e word "who" there, despite being a question word when used like = this "Who stole all the milk?", is *not* a question word under th= ese circumstances. "Who went to the store?" "I know who went= to the store." "When are you going to the store?" "Wha= t I do is more important than when I do it." The last example uses two= indirect questions, which is far less clumsy in Lojban than in English: {.= i lo du'u mi zukte makau cu vajni zmadu lo du'u mi cu'ekau zukt= e}.

.i mi'e la tsani mu'o

= =A0

On Sat, Feb 2, 2013 at 9:44 AM, Remo Dentato <= rdentato@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi there,
=A0 I've seen {makau} and {mokau} used but I'm not sure how = they are meant to be used. How do direct and indirect questions interact?
=A0Could anyone shed some light?

Thanks,
=A0=A0=A0 .remod.

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