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From: Betsemes To: lojban@googlegroups.com X-Original-Sender: betsemes@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of betsemes@gmail.com designates 2a00:1450:4010:c03::22c as permitted sender) smtp.mail=betsemes@gmail.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban@googlegroups.com; contact lojban+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 1004133512417 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-Spam-Score: -0.1 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.1 X-Spam_score_int: 0 X-Spam_bar: / On Sun, May 5, 2013 at 3:18 PM, MorphemeAddict wrote: > In USA military, legally even requests, unless specifically stated as > optional, are considered orders, and must be obeyed. If you believe in th= at > paradigm. We are getting off topic. I should have used the expression "psychological authority" instead of "true authority". What we are talking about is how the commander feels when giving a command. It depends to a great extent on the psychological makeup of the one giving the command. Whether or not he is backed up by an organizational machine is irrelevant. If I understand {ga'i} correctly, it marks the referent to be of lower rank. I don't think this is appropriate to mark it as a command. {le'o}, according to jbovlaste is aggressiveness. If the commander feels the need to be aggressive when giving commands, that hints to some kind of inner shortcoming, so that he feels he needs to give the command some additional force to compensate; and that makes it, in my opinion, not a universal way to mark a "ko-bridi" as a command. {e'i} is "feeling constraint" according to jbovlaste. According to the Merrian-Webster dictionary (sorry, I'm not an English-native), "constraint" is: 1 a : the act of constraining b : the state of being checked, restricted, or compelled to avoid or perform some action c : a constraining condition, agency, or force : check 2 a : repression of one's own feelings, behavior, or actions b : a sense of being constrained : embarrassment This seems to be the way the one receiving the command should feel, not the commander's. According to jbovlaste, {e'o} means "attitudinal: request - negative request.". This doesn't look like a feeling, more like an intention; the speaker's intention to make a request. There might be a plethora of different feelings attached to this intention depending on the one making the request. This is what we need to mark a "ko-bridi" as a command. We need to clearly state the "ko-bridi" is a command. I'm no expert here, so I may be wrong, but my understanding on "ko broda" is it means "make {ko broda} true", either as a request, or as a command. The CLL makes a request explicit with "e'o ko broda". What about "e'onai ko broda"? {e'onai} means "negative request" according to jbovlaste. So what is a negative request? My naive interpretation: e'onai ko broda negative request, make "ko broda" true this is not a request, make "ko broda" true this is an order, make "ko broda" true The experts here can explain why I am wrong.... ...or maybe why they have not noticed this before, in case I'm correct. mu'o mi'e betsemes --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= lojban" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an e= mail to lojban+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to lojban@googlegroups.com. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban?hl=3Den. 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