From sentto-44114-17017-1036686655-lojban-in=lojban.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Thu Nov 07 08:44:53 2002 Received: with ECARTIS (v1.0.0; list lojban-list); Thu, 07 Nov 2002 08:44:53 -0800 (PST) Received: from n29.grp.scd.yahoo.com ([66.218.66.85]) by digitalkingdom.org with smtp (Exim 4.05) id 189plx-0004tS-01 for lojban-in@lojban.org; Thu, 07 Nov 2002 08:44:49 -0800 X-eGroups-Return: sentto-44114-17017-1036686655-lojban-in=lojban.org@returns.groups.yahoo.com Received: from [66.218.67.200] by n29.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 07 Nov 2002 16:30:55 -0000 X-Sender: araizen@newmail.net X-Apparently-To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Received: (EGP: mail-8_2_3_0); 7 Nov 2002 16:30:55 -0000 Received: (qmail 3529 invoked from network); 7 Nov 2002 16:30:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (66.218.66.218) by m8.grp.scd.yahoo.com with QMQP; 7 Nov 2002 16:30:54 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO n14.grp.scd.yahoo.com) (66.218.66.69) by mta3.grp.scd.yahoo.com with SMTP; 7 Nov 2002 16:30:54 -0000 Received: from [66.218.67.251] by n14.grp.scd.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 07 Nov 2002 16:30:54 -0000 To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Message-ID: In-Reply-To: User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82 X-Mailer: Yahoo Groups Message Poster From: "Adam Raizen" X-Originating-IP: 62.0.146.101 X-Yahoo-Profile: araizen MIME-Version: 1.0 Mailing-List: list lojban@yahoogroups.com; contact lojban-owner@yahoogroups.com Delivered-To: mailing list lojban@yahoogroups.com Precedence: bulk Date: Thu, 07 Nov 2002 16:30:53 -0000 Subject: [lojban] Re: importing ro Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII X-archive-position: 2490 X-ecartis-version: Ecartis v1.0.0 Sender: lojban-list-bounce@lojban.org Errors-to: lojban-list-bounce@lojban.org X-original-sender: araizen@newmail.net Precedence: bulk Reply-to: lojban-list@lojban.org X-list: lojban-list la .and. cusku di'e > 2. The universe is not empty. I don't accept this unless you add it as an axiom to your system. Note (from http://www.cgl.uwaterloo.ca/~wbcowan/teaching/cs24 6/s97/notes/lect07.html): "Instantiation: ForAll x: Px => There exists x: Px as long as the universe is not empty." and "Note the important role played by the empty universe. (ForAll x: Fx is true for any F if the universe is empty.)" So it's not obvious that the *only* possibility in logic is that AxFx -> ExFx on its own, without the additional postulate of a non-empty universe. mu'o mi'e .adam. To unsubscribe, send mail to lojban-unsubscribe@onelist.com Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/