From @YaleVM.YCC.YALE.EDU:LOJBAN@CUVMB.BITNET Mon Jun 21 14:23:31 1993 Received: from YALEVM.YCC.YALE.EDU by MINERVA.CIS.YALE.EDU via SMTP; Mon, 21 Jun 1993 18:53:21 -0400 Received: from CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU by YaleVM.YCC.Yale.Edu (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with BSMTP id 1508; Mon, 21 Jun 93 18:52:09 EDT Received: from CUVMB.COLUMBIA.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (Mailer R2.07) with BSMTP id 8124; Mon, 21 Jun 93 18:53:21 EST Date: Mon, 21 Jun 1993 18:23:31 -0400 Reply-To: John Cowan Sender: Lojban list From: John Cowan Subject: Animal {gismu} X-To: Lojban List To: Erik Rauch X-Status: Status: OR Message-ID: Using the wonderful tool WordNet (from Princeton University), I've examined our gismu relating to animals, as a simple test case, and I've found a few things that seem to me to be holes. At the end of this message is the tree of gismu representing the standard taxonomy under Animalia (some levels have been omitted for clarity). On each line, the first field is a colon-separated pathname of the taxa to which the animal belongs; the second field is the gismu; the third field is the keyword, and the remaining fields are synonyms. Animals are divided into arthropods, vertebrates, and "worms", which is a cover term for almost all other invertebrates (squids/octopuses perhaps excepted). Arthropods include insects and spiders. Insects can be lice/fleas, ants, bees, butterflies, flies, or roaches. Under vertebrates, we have amphibians, reptiles (with subcategory snakes), fish, birds (with geese, ducks, chickens, and turkeys specially distinguished because they are domesticated and edible), and mammals. Mammals include carnivores (canids, felids, and ursids), rabbits, rodents (rats and mice), primates (human beings and monkeys/apes), elephants, equids (true horses and donkeys), and artiodactyls or even-toed creatures (including camels, pigs, deer, cattle, goats, and sheep). PROPOSAL: I suggest that we need >high-quality< lujvo, or else new gismu, for the following kinds of animals right away. Entries for them appear in the tree below, with "#nnnn" in place of a gismu. 1) Crustacea (lobsters, shrimp): existing lujvo are shell-spider (but all arthropods have shells) and claw-spider, extending "spider" to mean "any non-Insecta in Arthropoda". 2) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, crickets): no existing lujvo that I know of. These insects are major pests and as such economically important in many agricultural regions. 3) Coleoptera (beetles): no existing lujvo that I know of. Perhaps beetles are just the default kind of insect (most insect, indeed most animal, species are beetles). 4) Cetacea (whales, dolphins): the usual lujvo is mammal-fish or fish-mammal, which I consider to be a dreadful submission to folk taxonomy. 5) Chiroptera (bats): the usual lujvo are things like flying-mouse and bird-mammal, which I think are even worse than fish-mammal. Of course there are lots of animals which aren't included under any of these forms, but they tend to be obscure critters that can be handled with le'avla. Comments? Invertebrata curnu worm Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Arachnida jukni spider arachnid crustacean crab lobster Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Crustacea: #0001 crustacean crab lobster shrimp Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta cinki insect arthropod bug beetle Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta civla louse flea blood-sucker Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Coleoptera #0002 beetle ladybug Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Dictyoptera jalra cockroach Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Diptera sfani fly Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Hymenoptera:Apoidea bifce bee wasp hornet Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Hymenoptera:Formicidae manti ant Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Lepidoptera toldi butterfly moth Invertebrata:Arthropoda:Insecta:Orthoptera #0003 grasshopper locust cricket Vertebrata:Amphibia banfi amphibian Vertebrata:Aves cipni bird avian fowl Vertebrata:Aves:Anatidae datka duck Vertebrata:Aves:Anatidae gunse goose gander Vertebrata:Aves:Gallinaceae jipci chicken Vertebrata:Aves:Gallinaceae xruki turkey Vertebrata:Mammalia mabru mammal 'animal' beast Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Camelidae kumte camel llama alpaca vicuna Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Ruminantia:Cervidae mirli deer elk moose Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Ruminantia:Bovidae:Bos bakni bovine cow cattle kine ox bull steer beef-producer Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Ruminantia:Bovidae:Capra kanba goat angora Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Ruminantia:Bovidae:Ovis lanme sheep lamb ewe ram Vertebrata:Mammalia:Artiodactyla:Suidae xarju pig hog pork-producer Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Canidae gerku dog canine Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Canidae labno wolf lupine Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Canidae lorxu fox Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Felidae cinfo lion Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Felidae mlatu cat Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Felidae tirxu tiger leopard jaguar Vertebrata:Mammalia:Carnivora:Ursidae cribe bear ursoid Vertebrata:Mammalia:Cetacea #0004 whale dolphin orca Vertebrata:Mammalia:Chiroptera #0005 bat Vertebrata:Mammalia:Leporidae ractu rabbit hare Vertebrata:Mammalia:Perissodactyla:Equidae xasli donkey jackass Vertebrata:Mammalia:Perissodactyla:Equidae xirma horse colt mare stallion pony Vertebrata:Mammalia:Primates remna human Vertebrata:Mammalia:Primates smani monkey ape simian baboon chimpanzee Vertebrata:Mammalia:Proboscidea xanto elephant Vertebrata:Mammalia:Rodentia smacu mouse Vertebrata:Mammalia:Rodentia ratcu rat rat Vertebrata:Pisces finpe fish Vertebrata:Reptilia respa reptile Vertebrata:Reptilia:Ophidia since snake serpent -- John Cowan cowan@snark.thyrsus.com ...!uunet!lock60!snark!cowan e'osai ko sarji la lojban.