Return-Path: <@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU:LOJBAN@CUVMB.BITNET> Received: from kantti.helsinki.fi by xiron.pc.helsinki.fi with smtp (Linux Smail3.1.28.1 #1) id m0svRlZ-0000ZOC; Wed, 20 Sep 95 19:12 EET DST Received: from fiport.funet.fi (fiport.funet.fi [128.214.109.150]) by kantti.helsinki.fi (8.6.12+Emil1.1/8.6.5) with ESMTP id TAA14648 for ; Wed, 20 Sep 1995 19:12:57 +0300 Received: from CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (MAILER@CUNYVMV2) by FIPORT.FUNET.FI (PMDF V5.0-3 #2494) id <01HVIDEKMGPC000SEL@FIPORT.FUNET.FI> for veion@XIRON.PC.HELSINKI.FI; Wed, 20 Sep 1995 19:13:57 +0200 (EET) Received: from CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (NJE origin LISTSERV@CUNYVM) by CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (LMail V1.2a/1.8a) with BSMTP id 2259; Wed, 20 Sep 1995 12:12:32 -0400 Date: Wed, 20 Sep 1995 16:37:20 -0300 (BST) From: Don Wiggins Subject: Re: quantifiers Sender: Lojban list To: Veijo Vilva Reply-to: Don Wiggins Message-id: <01HVIDEL2ONA000SEL@FIPORT.FUNET.FI> Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 1108 Lines: 25 > When someone says in the ordinary course of events (well, not > all that ordinary in this traditional example) "All unicorns are white," > the response "There aren't any unicorns" is neither intended nor > understood as confirming the original claim. It is a challenge to the > original claim, a contrary claim to it, as much as "Some are blue" is. It > is this fundamental fact that logic has always taken into account in its > treatment of quatifiers, abetted of course by the fact that we usually do > not talk about what is not, except with conscious care. This reminds of the conundrum which goes something like: "Do you enjoy beating your wife?" "Yes" means that you beat beat your wife and you enjoy it. "No" means you beat your wife, but you don't enjoy it, sort of doing it out of a sense of duty. "Mu" means 'I deny the premise of your question', i.e. I don't beat my wife (the set of events of I beating my wife is null). Mu as I read about it is supposed to be of Oriental origin and would be the appropriate response to .i piro loi pavyjirna cu blanu vau co'o mi'e dn.