Message-Id: <199512271806.UAA15974@xiron.pc.helsinki.fi>
Date:         Wed, 27 Dec 1995 13:04:22 -0500
Reply-To: "Robert J. Chassell" <bob@GNU.AI.MIT.EDU>
Sender: Lojban list <LOJBAN@CUVMB.BITNET>
From: "Robert J. Chassell" <bob@GNU.AI.MIT.EDU>
Subject:      `already' {lojban/English sentences}
To:         lojban@cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu, bob@rattlesnake.com
Content-Length: 4901
Lines: 153

As far as I can see, {ba'o} translates many uses of `already'.

    ba'o      ZAhO  perfective
                  interval event contour: in the aftermath of ...; since
                  ...; perfective | |----

Here are three examples, all of which parse using parser version 2;5;33:

1.
  .i lo pulji se rinsa ba'o le zdase'u lo lolbo'o pu'i lumci

2.
  lu .ue .oi .a'onai .e'enaise'inai li'u
  la'e di'u se bacru lo ralja'a
  .i ri cusku la'e di'e lu do ba'o pu'i gasnu
  lo nu loi velji'i datni se daspo li'u

3.
  lu .i .ue ku'i lei drata prenu ba'o vitke li'u
  la'e di'u se cusku le zdase'u ga'inai
  lu .i xu lei drata cu pulji li'u


1.  When the police arrived, the butler had already cleaned the rug.

  .i lo pulji se rinsa ba'o le zdase'u lo lolbo'o pu'i lumci
  One or more police are greeted in the aftermath of what I designate
  as the house type of servant can and has made clean the floor-sheet.
  < I put the selbri last for dramatic effect.  >

2.  "What!", the Inspector said, "You have already destroyed the evidence!"

  lu .ue .oi .a'onai .e'enaise'inai li'u
  "Surprise, complaint, despair, incompetence attributed to other",

  la'e di'u se bacru lo ralja'a
  the last utterance was uttered by the principle leader.

  .i ri cusku la'e di'e
  He said the following utterance:

  lu do ba'o pu'i gasnu lo nu
  You are in the aftermath of can and has been an agentive cause of the event

  loi velji'i datni se daspo li'u
  the mass of that which really is grounds-for-opinion-type-of-data
  is destroyed.

3. "But the others already came!" said the butler meekly.  "Weren't
   they police?"

  lu .i .ue ku'i lei drata prenu ba'o vitke li'u
  Surprise, however, the mass of other people are in the aftermath of visiting.

  la'e di'u se cusku le zdase'u ga'inai
  the last utterance was said by the house-type of servant meekly.

  lu .i xu lei drata cu pulji li'u
  Is it true or false that the mass of others were police?


Here is a list of the gismu used:

    x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing
    law(s)/rule(s)/order x2
    /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji,
    ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military
    police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]
    /=/ pulji

    x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to x2
    [, who arrives, ] in manner x3 (action)
    /:/
    /=/ rinsa

    x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun]
    of x2 performing x3
    /:/
    /=/ selfu (sef se'u)

    x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2
    /:/ [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]
    /=/ zdani (zda)

    x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with
    cleaning material material(s) x4
    /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]
    /=/ lumci (lum lu'i)

    x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2
    /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]
    /=/ loldi (lol loi)

    x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3
    dimensions] of material x2
    /:/
    /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o)

    x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2
    /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or
    audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]
    /=/ bacru (ba'u)

    x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3
    via expressive medium x4
    /:/ [also says]
    /=/ cusku (cus sku)

    x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive
    /:/
    /=/ daspo (spo)

    x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 do-es/brings
    about x2
    /:/
    /=/ gasnu (gau)

    x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2
    gathered by method x3
    /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)]
    /=/ datni

    x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on
    grounds x4
    /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
    /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i)

    x1 is chief/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2
    /:/
    /=/ jatna (ja'a)

    x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2
    (set) in property x3 (ka)
    /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader
    (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among
    these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly;
    (x2 is complete specification of set)]
    /=/ ralju (ral)

    x1 and x2 of: x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other than x2
    by standard x3; x1 is something else
    /:/
    /=/ drata (dat)

    x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays
    personality/has a persona
    /:/
    /=/ prenu (pre)

    x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3
    /:/
    /=/ vitke (vi'e)