From - Tue Feb 20 15:06:41 1996 Received: from VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (vms.dc.lsoft.com [205.186.43.2]) by locke.ccil.org (8.6.9/8.6.10) with ESMTP id WAA13500 for ; Sun, 18 Feb 1996 22:19:49 -0500 Message-Id: <199602190319.WAA13500@locke.ccil.org> Received: from PEACH.EASE.LSOFT.COM (205.186.43.4) by VMS.DC.LSOFT.COM (LSMTP for OpenVMS v1.0a) with SMTP id D85F0E49 ; Sun, 18 Feb 1996 21:45:12 -0500 Date: Sun, 18 Feb 1996 18:28:09 -0800 Reply-To: "John E. Clifford" Sender: Lojban list From: "John E. Clifford" Subject: re "except" etc. X-To: lojban list To: John Cowan X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 Content-Length: 1337 Cripies! Will you all please get with the program. This is the LOGICal language! when a question comes up, look at what logic does FIRST. Logic has been dealing with "only" and "except" (and their correspondents in most European and not a few Eastern languages) for a couple of millennia. There may be an English trick or two that will take some work, but the basics should be available and YOU SHOULD USE THEM. They are usually on a later page of the translation section than "all" (which I know you skipped) but before the real horrors, like "seventy-seven." Yes, "only" is in quantifiers and "except" is right close to it (indeed often in the same place, since "only" and "none except" turn out to be about the same thing). And had it right from about the beginning and could have given you short forms, if he (or any of us) only (another sense) knew which of the _ro (lo) broda_ forms were which. The thought that it was a predicate (one that contains a quatifier yet) is just perverse in a logical -- or lojbanical -- context. "Even" does involve something more and the analysis on that is pretty good. A check in McCawley might be in order for some more details and even that would not give a clear- cut solution to the question of what to do in Lojban. pc>|83 (passing thru and catching up)