From cowan Sun Mar 10 20:44:54 1996 Subject: TECH: PROPOSED GRAMMAR CHANGE 2$i From: John Cowan To: lojban@cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 20:44:54 -0500 (EST) X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24] Content-Type: text X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 Content-Length: 4341 Message-ID: CHANGE 46 CURRENT LANGUAGE: Termsets are a pair of term sequences joined by a logical connective; the start is NUhI and the elidable terminator is NUhU. The logical connective can be afterthought EK, in which case NUhU must precede it, or forethought GEK-GIK, in which case NUhU must precede the GIK. PROPOSED CHANGE: The syntax "NUhI terms NUhU EK terms /NUhU/" is REMOVED from Lojban. It is a hybrid of forethought (the NUhI) and afterthought, and is overly restrictive. Instead, a "term group" construct is introduced, joining the terms with the new cmavo "ce'e" of the new selma'o CEhE. A logical connective is permitted but not required, thus: "term ce'e term ... pe'e EK term ce'e term ..." "pe'e" belongs to the new selma'o PEhE. The corresponding forethought syntax remains "NUhI GEK terms NUhU GIK terms NUhU", and the syntax "NUhI terms NUhU", with no logical connective, is added as well. RATIONALE: 1) Afterthought termset logical connection becomes genuinely afterthought, without the need for any special start cmavo. 2) Providing termsets without logical connectives (in both forethought and afterthought forms) provides cmavo grouping to solve two unrelated problems. By grouping a "se BAI" with a "te BAI" (or "ve BAI, or whatever) we can require that both BAIs refer to the same underlying event: se ka'a ko'a ce'e te ka'a ko'e The presence of the "ce'e" makes sure that "ko'a" is the destination and "ko'e" the destination of the same act of going. The other problem is that of indicating that two numerically quantified sumti have co-equal scope: ci nanmu re gerku cu batci says that three men bite two dogs each, for a possible total of six dogs, whereas ci nanmu ce'e re gerku cu batci nu'i ci nanmu re gerku nu'u cu batci says that three men bite two dogs each, the same two dogs. 3c3 < THIS DRAFT ALSO INCORPORATES CHANGE PROPOSALS 1-45 DATED 6 JANUARY 1996 --- > THIS DRAFT ALSO INCORPORATES CHANGE PROPOSALS 1-46 DATED 21 FEBRUARY 1996 19c19 < grammar.245 --- > grammar.246 197a198 > %token CEhE_517 /* afterthought term list connective */ 258a260 > %token PEhE_591 /* afterthought termset connective prefix */ 538c540 < GIK_816 subsentence_41 tail_terms_71 --- > GIK_816 subsentence_41 tail_terms_71 548,549c550,551 < terms_80 : term_81 < | terms_80 term_81 --- > terms_80 : terms_A_81 > | terms_80 terms_A_81 552,554c554,564 < term_81 : sumti_90 < | modifier_82 < | term_set_83 --- > terms_A_81 : terms_B_82 > | terms_A_81 PEhE_591 JOIK_JEK_422 terms_B_82 > ; > > terms_B_82 : term_83 > | terms_B_82 CEhE_517 term_83 > ; > > term_83 : sumti_90 > | modifier_84 > | term_set_85 558c568 < modifier_82 : mod_head_490 gap_450 --- > modifier_84 : mod_head_490 gap_450 562,563c572,573 < < term_set_83 : NUhI_587 GEK_807 terms_80 NUhU_gap_460 --- > term_set_85 : NUhI_587 terms_80 NUhU_gap_460 > | NUhI_587 GEK_807 terms_80 NUhU_gap_460 565,566d574 < | NUhI_587 terms_80 NUhU_gap_460 < JOIK_EK_421 terms_80 NUhU_gap_460 649c657 < relative_clause_122 : GOI_542 term_81 GEhU_gap_464 --- > relative_clause_122 : GOI_542 term_83 GEhU_gap_464 713,714c721,722 < linkargs_160 : BE_504 term_81 BEhO_gap_467 < | BE_504 term_81 links_161 BEhO_gap_467 --- > linkargs_160 : BE_504 term_83 BEhO_gap_467 > | BE_504 term_83 links_161 BEhO_gap_467 717,718c725,726 < links_161 : BEI_505 term_81 < | BEI_505 term_81 links_161 --- > links_161 : BEI_505 term_83 > | BEI_505 term_83 links_161