From lojban@cuvmb.bitnet Tue Mar 12 00:04:48 1996 Received: from punt4.demon.co.uk by stryx.demon.co.uk with SMTP id AA10778 ; Tue, 12 Mar 96 00:04:46 GMT Received: from punt-4.mail.demon.net by mailstore for ia@stryx.demon.co.uk id 826508985:02267:0; Mon, 11 Mar 96 01:49:45 GMT Received: from cunyvm.cuny.edu ([128.228.1.2]) by punt-4.mail.demon.net id aa01977; 11 Mar 96 1:48 GMT Received: from CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU by CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with BSMTP id 4067; Sun, 10 Mar 96 20:48:23 EST Received: from CUVMB.COLUMBIA.EDU by CUVMB.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (Mailer R2.07) with BSMTP id 7212; Sun, 10 Mar 96 20:48:48 EDT Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 20:44:38 -0500 Reply-To: John Cowan Sender: Lojban list From: John Cowan Subject: TECH: PROPOSED GRAMMAR CHANGE 2$i X-To: lojban@cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu To: Multiple recipients of list LOJBAN Message-ID: <826508936.1977.0@cunyvm.cuny.edu> Status: R CHANGE 40 CURRENT LANGUAGE: geks can be used to join two independent levels, sentence-40 and bridi-tail-50. The former corresponds roughly to afterthought ijeks, the latter exactly to afterthought giheks. There is a limitation in gekked sentences: the first sentence must have at least one term before the selbri, or the construct will look like a gekked bridi-tail. PROPOSED CHANGE: Unify the two types of geks as follows: unrestricted sentences (including bare bridi-tails) can be gekked, and the result has the grammar of a bridi-tail. This allows currently forbidden sentences like: 1) gonai catra la djonz. gi la djonz. catra Either the-obvious-one killed Jones or Jones killed the-obvious-one. which currently is excluded because it garden-paths the parser into expecting a mere bridi-tail after "gi". We also get a new sentence type consisting of a gekked sentence with joint head-terms: 2) mi [cu] ge le zarci cu klama gi le rilti cu dansu I both to-the office go and to-the rhythm dance. Example 2 parses because the gekked sentence functions as the equivalent of a bridi-tail and can be preceded by head-terms and an optional "cu". RATIONALE: The arbitrary restriction on gekked sentences is lifted. Since bridi-tail-50 has fundamentally the same semantics as sentence-40 (not all bare bridi-tails are semantic observatives; some full sentences with head-terms are in fact semantic observatives), logical connectives between the two are naturally unifiable. This change is a pure extension: everything sayable before is still sayable. 3c3 < THIS DRAFT ALSO INCORPORATES CHANGE PROPOSALS 1-39 DATED 6 JANUARY 1996 --- > THIS DRAFT ALSO INCORPORATES CHANGE PROPOSALS 1-40 DATED 6 JANUARY 1996 19c19 < grammar.239 --- > grammar.240 504,512c504 < | sentence_A_41 < ; < < sentence_A_41 : GEK_807 sentence_A_41 GIK_816 sentence_40 < | prenex_30 sentence_40 < | statement_42 < ; < < statement_42 : terms_80 front_gap_451 bridi_tail_50 --- > | terms_80 front_gap_451 bridi_tail_50 513a506 > | prenex_30 sentence_40 532c525 < bridi_tail_C_53 : gek_bridi_tail_54 --- > bridi_tail_C_53 : gek_sentence_54 536c529 < gek_bridi_tail_54 : GEK_807 bridi_tail_50 GIK_816 bridi_tail_50 --- > gek_sentence_54 : GEK_807 sentence_40 GIK_816 sentence_40 538,539c531,532 < | tag_491 KE_551 gek_bridi_tail_54 KEhE_gap_466 < | NA_445 gek_bridi_tail_54 --- > | tag_491 KE_551 gek_sentence_54 KEhE_gap_466 > | NA_445 gek_sentence_54