X-Mozilla-Status: 0001 Message-ID: <34EB63B6.B4B27A56@locke.ccil.org> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 17:41:58 -0500 From: John Cowan Organization: Lojban Peripheral X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (WinNT; U) MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Lojban List Subject: Re: Summary of summaries on DJUNO References: <199802181708.MAA07013@locke.ccil.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-From-Space-Date: Wed Feb 18 17:42:00 1998 X-From-Space-Address: - la bab. poi na du la lojbab. cusku di'e > Cannot be as written, since {djuno} was not specified as being > absolute as was {fatci}. Hence there must be an epistemology for `true'. "Epistemology" = "theory of knowledge". Knowledge requires an epistemology, but truth requires a metaphysics. ("Metaphysics" is also used in a broader sense including epistemology.) > Must be: > > "epistemology x4 convinces x1 that > x2 is true about x3" > > = "x2 is true by epistemology x5 > and epistemology x4 convinces x1 that > x2 is true about x3". Change "by epistemology x5 to "by metaphysics x5" and all is well. > And since {djuno} has only four places, the epistemology places are > presumably the same. The nub of the problem, indeed. Were it not too late, I would press for adding just such an x5. > *Both* are correct in the appropriate circumstances, such as > > Alice's mental state has been manipulated by outside forces. > Consequently, Alice does not like Bill, but Bill knows she does. Hardly. "Like" is being used polysemously: "like by underlying unforced mental state" vs. "like by current mental state". With such polysemy you can prove anything: "Charlie is dead-1, but he believes he is not dead-2." If G.S. is good for anything at all, it is good for disposing of such simple fallacies as this. > Bill is subject to delusions; > Alice does not like Bill, but Bill is convinced she does. This sentence has no polysemy, and shows why conviction is not knowledge. -- John Cowan http://www.ccil.org/~cowan cowan@ccil.org You tollerday donsk? N. You tolkatiff scowegian? Nn. You spigotty anglease? Nnn. You phonio saxo? Nnnn. Clear all so! 'Tis a Jute.... (FW 16.5)