From sentto-44114-3414-962826754-mark=kli.org@returns.onelist.com Wed Jul 05 19:51:15 2000 Return-Path: Delivered-To: shoulson-kli@meson.org Received: (qmail 12883 invoked from network); 5 Jul 2000 19:51:09 -0000 Received: from zash.lupine.org (205.186.156.18) by pi.meson.org with SMTP; 5 Jul 2000 19:51:09 -0000 Received: (qmail 27299 invoked by uid 40001); 5 Jul 2000 19:52:38 -0000 Delivered-To: kli-mark@kli.org Received: (qmail 27296 invoked from network); 5 Jul 2000 19:52:37 -0000 Received: from ef.egroups.com (207.138.41.172) by zash.lupine.org with SMTP; 5 Jul 2000 19:52:37 -0000 X-eGroups-Return: sentto-44114-3414-962826754-mark=kli.org@returns.onelist.com Received: from [10.1.10.38] by ef.egroups.com with NNFMP; 05 Jul 2000 19:52:35 -0000 Received: (qmail 27448 invoked from network); 5 Jul 2000 19:52:27 -0000 Received: from unknown (10.1.10.27) by m4.onelist.org with QMQP; 5 Jul 2000 19:52:27 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO imo-r04.mx.aol.com) (152.163.225.4) by mta1 with SMTP; 5 Jul 2000 19:52:27 -0000 Received: from Pycyn@aol.com by imo-r04.mx.aol.com (mail_out_v27.10.) id a.f8.8f8a9c (6695) for ; Wed, 5 Jul 2000 15:52:22 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: To: lojban@egroups.com X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 16-bit for Windows sub 41 From: pycyn@aol.com MIME-Version: 1.0 Mailing-List: list lojban@egroups.com; contact lojban-owner@egroups.com Delivered-To: mailing list lojban@egroups.com Precedence: bulk List-Unsubscribe: Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2000 15:52:21 EDT Subject: [lojban] aymara once mora Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Some odds and ends about Aymara and trivalent logic. Dr. Guzman and his thesis that Aymara has a trivalent logic has not been warmly received by the linguistic community and he has been accused of paternalism toward his informants. His story now is that he was led to his thesis by his problems in teaching his Aymara students mathematics and that he solved this problem when he discovered they had a different logic. He also claims to have found within Aymara a perfect intermediary language for machine translation and, based on the new logic, a program for employing it. So far as I can find, not samples have come forth and the linguists tend to pooh-pooh the notion.=20 Umberto Eco mentions some of this in his _Dream_of_a_ Perfect_Language_ and claims there that, while it is easy to translate almost anything into Aymara, it is almost impossible to translate out, "Aymara is a Black Hole." Grondin (no citation available) divides Guzman's logical operators across several classes (tense, mood,, mode, aspect, evidentials, confidentials, etc.) each of which also contains elements that are not in Guzman's list (but Aymara is apparently a freely agglutinating language, so attempts to give it fixed paradigms are suspect). There are two or three websites in Aymara -- maybe more. The Guzman explanation of the binary connectives works, giving exactly one ninth of the possible trivalent connectives, each one describable nine different ways. The forms produced include all of the Lukasiewicz {uukaceivitc} forms, though only scattered Bochvar forms.=20 But, in any case, all the forms needed to generate the complete set using repeated sentences: min, max, three kinds of negations, a couple of other conjunctions and disjunctions, the conditionals and equivalences that go with those as well as a few extra ones (the Bochvars, for example), Sheffer and Peirce functions, fixed value functions, "not true", "false" and so on. So, even if it did not have functional completeness, it is well set up to do normal linguistic business. The tails (+/- 4SD) tell us that Aymara is the oldest language in the world= =20 (usual mumble here) and that it is the designed creation of the god (=3D al= ien)=20 Vairocana and thus is the language for the most accurate description of the= =20 world as it really is and for perfect social intercourse. The professional= =20 linguists assure us that it is as closely related to Quechua ("Incan") as=20 Basque is to Spanish.=20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Where do sports heroes like Derek Jeter, Mia Hamm, Vince Carter and Peyton Manning hang out? Where else? Click now and find =91em all here! http://click.egroups.com/1/6211/4/_/17627/_/962826753/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe, send mail to lojban-unsubscribe@onelist.com