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Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2011 00:18:59 -0700
From: Robin Lee Powell <rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org>
To: lojban-list@lojban.org
Subject: [lojban] HISTORIAN: What's up with this file?
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Attached you'll find two gismu lists that appear to differ only in
the weird columns in the middle; for example, in one (the normal
gismu list that we've been providing all these years) bacru has
"1h 386", attach as gu2.   In the other, which I found in a weird
spot on the web server as gismu_updated.txt, attached as gu1, has
bacru with "1h 405".

Any idea what's going on there?  gismu_updated.txt seems to have
been last touched in 2002, and might easily be something I hacked
together or something?  I dunno.

-Robin

-- 
http://singinst.org/ :  Our last, best hope for a fantastic future.
Lojban (http://www.lojban.org/): The language in which "this parrot
is dead" is "ti poi spitaki cu morsi", but "this sentence is false"
is "na nei".   My personal page: http://www.digitalkingdom.org/rlp/

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 sumti sum     su'i argument                                  x1 is a/the a=
rgument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)            =
         1b2376    (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)
 klama     kla      come                                      x1 comes/goes=
 to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5      =
         1g1473    [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; =
x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to cons=
train the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu=
, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)
 cusku cus sku      express                                   x1 (agent) ex=
presses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive m=
edium x4 1h1390    [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list=
 cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)
 bridi     bri      predicate                                 x1 (text) is =
a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3=
         1b1172    [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (=3D terbri for reo=
rdered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)
 cmavo         ma'o structure word                            x1 is a struc=
ture word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (langu=
age) x4  1b1008    [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language p=
lace) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an examp=
le of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical=
 object (=3D (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propos=
e adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list =3D ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orsels=
te)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)
 nu    nun          event abstract                            abstractor: g=
eneralized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [b=
ridi]    3b 889    (cf. fasnu)
 tanru         tau  phrase compound                           x1 is a binar=
y metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance=
 x5      1b 777    (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gism=
u, smuni)
 prenu     pre      person                                    x1 is a perso=
n/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona =
         1k 650    (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)
 gismu gim     gi'u root word                                 x1 is a (Lojb=
an) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es=
) x4     1b 554    [gismu list, if physical object (=3D (loi) gimste); refe=
rring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu=
 list =3D gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, =
sumti, tanru, valsi)
 djica     dji      desire                                    x1 desires/wa=
nts/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3                                 =
         3l 534    [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use =
tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo =3D po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, ne=
lci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)
 mi    mib          me                                        pro-sumti: me=
/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative                  =
         1d 532    (cf. sevzi)
 se    sel          2nd conversion                            2nd conversio=
n; switch 1st/2nd places                                                   =
         2a 450
 mutce     tce      much                                      x1 is much/ex=
treme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very=
 x3      6k 432    [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, inte=
nse, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)
 diklo     klo      local                                     x1 is local t=
o x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3                           =
         5d 429    [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g=
=2E a hits b.  What is the locality on b that a hits?  Thus x1 is associate=
d with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. =
cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)
 lujvo luv jvo      affix compound                            x1 (text) is =
a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metap=
hor x4   1b 429    (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)
 drata dat          other                                     x1 isn't the-=
same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is somethi=
ng else  2g 422    (cf. mintu, frica)
 djuno jun     ju'o know                                      x1 knows fact=
(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4                          =
         1h 419    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having t=
he ability to practice (=3D tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, =
na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe,=
 senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
 cmalu     cma      small                                     x1 is small i=
n property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3          =
         1e 406    (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)
 bacru         ba'u utter                                     x1 utters ver=
bally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2                        =
         1h 405    [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication o=
r audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, vo=
ksa, pinka)
 tavla tav     ta'a talk                 'palaver'            x1 talks/spea=
ks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4                                   =
         1h 397    [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the=
 x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu,=
 skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/disc=
uss/chat (=3D simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly =
delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, dar=
lu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)
 viska vis     vi'a see                  'vision'             x1 sees/views=
/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3                                 =
         6m 381    [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient =
lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that En=
glish "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "unders=
tand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, =
ganse)
 kumfa kum     ku'a room                                      x1 is a room =
of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo=
'u)      2k 372    [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)
 barda     bra      big                  'large'              x1 is big/lar=
ge in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3      =
         1e 366    (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, ba=
nro, xanto)
 citka     cti      eat                                       x1 eats/inges=
ts/consumes (transitive verb) x2                                           =
         5c 362    (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, ka=
bri)
 do    don     doi  you                                       pro-sumti: yo=
u listener(s); identified by vocative                                      =
         1d 358
 catlu     cta      look                                      x1 looks at/e=
xamines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2                         =
         1g 354    [also look through (=3D grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note =
that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minr=
a, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)
 nanmu         nau  man                                       x1 is a man/m=
en; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult]                   =
         1k 346    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use r=
emna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)
 troci toc     toi  try                                       x1 tries/atte=
mpts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/meth=
od x3    2n 344    [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)
 cmene     cme me'e name                                      x1 (quoted wo=
rd(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)=
         1b 315    [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (=3D selcme for reordered p=
laces)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)
 nenri ner     ne'i in                   'inner'              x1 is in/insi=
de/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds=
 of x2]  1e 315    [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for contai=
nment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, ba=
rtu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)
 pluta lut     lu'a route                                     x1 is a route=
/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (se=
t)       5d 314    [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need no=
t be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to con=
strain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve k=
lama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)
 rinka rik     ri'a cause                                     x1 (event/sta=
te) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3  =
         6a 313    [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]=
; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri=
'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)
 zdani     zda      nest                 'den'                x1 is a nest/=
house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2                                            =
         4d 304    [home (=3D tercnizda), house (constructed building) (=3D=
 zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)
 ciska         ci'a write                'scribe'             x1 inscribes/=
writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a s=
cribe    1h 300    [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tci=
du, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, ba=
rna, pinka)
 na    nar          bridi negator                             bridi contrad=
ictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo c=
ompounds 1d 299
 zarci zac     zai  market               'mart'               x1 is a marke=
t/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with partici=
pants x3 3m 290    [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, =
bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchangi=
ng coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of m=
arketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclu=
de the latter individual shops (=3D zaisle); x3 may include both owners/pro=
prietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to=
 the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)
 since              snake                                     x1 is a snake=
/serpent of species/breed x2                                               =
         ai 267    (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)
 kansa kan          with                 'accompany'          x1 is with/ac=
companies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/sta=
te)      2g 259    [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, g=
unma, girzu, lasna)
 fasnu         fau  event                'happen'             x1 (event) is=
 an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occu=
rrence   3b 257    (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, =
zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)
 cevni cev     cei  god                  'divinity'           x1 is a/the g=
od/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is div=
ine      ac 256    [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious comm=
unity as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)
 zbasu     zba      make                                      x1 makes/asse=
mbles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3  =
         7f 252    [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, l=
arcu, rutni, finti, gundi)
 morsi     mro      dead                 'mort-'              x1 is dead/ha=
s ceased to be alive                                                       =
         4c 250    [die/mortal (=3D mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra=
, betri)
 xamgu xag     xau  good                                      x1 (object/ev=
ent) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3            =
         2i 250    [acceptable (=3D mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melb=
i, xlali, vrude, zabna)
 zmadu     zma mau  more                                      x1 exceeds/is=
 more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4          =
         6k 250    [also positive (=3D nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca=
, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)
 pensi pes     pei  think                'pensive'            x1 thinks/con=
siders/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 =
         3l 245    [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one s=
ense)/intellectual (one sense) (=3D selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, =
menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)
 binxo bix     bi'o become                                    x1 becomes/ch=
anges/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3                      =
         2c 238    [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. ce=
nba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non=
-agentive change; zasni)
 zvati     zva      at                                        x1 (object/ev=
ent) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location)                        =
         4d 238    [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that =
is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbi=
ni, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive=
, jundi, vitke)
 dunda dud     du'a give                 'donate'             x1 [donor] gi=
ves/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/ex=
change]  2b 234    [also grants; x3 is a receiver (=3D terdu'a for reordere=
d places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession trans=
fer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, =
or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising=
 from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unam=
biguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, =
dapma, cnemu, prali)
 lerfu ler     le'u letteral                                  x1 (la'e zo B=
Y/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representi=
ng x3    3a 225    [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), =
x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by a=
nalogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu=
, sinxa, pandi)
 remna rem     re'a human                                     x1 is a human=
/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human=
         1k 225    (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)
 tcita              label                'tag'                x1 is a label=
/tag of x2 showing information x3                                          =
         4d 224    (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)
 melbi mel mle      beautiful                                 x1 is beautif=
ul/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4               =
         6c 219    [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful=
]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)
 rafsi raf          affix                                     x1 is an affi=
x/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, lan=
guage x4 1b 219    (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)
 valsi val vla      word                                      x1 is a word =
meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal)       =
         1b 209    (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, sm=
uni)
 gapru gap          above                'up'                 x1 is directl=
y/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3        =
         2d 208    (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)
 nelci nel     nei  fond                 'likes'              x1 is fond of=
/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state)                                   =
         2i 206    (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xe=
bni, cuxna, pendo)
 zgana     zga      observe                                   x1 observes/[=
notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4      =
         6m 206    [behold/watch/gaze (=3D vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentine=
l (=3D zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna=
, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)
 zutse zut tse      sit                                       x1 sits [assu=
mes sitting position] on surface x2                                        =
         1g 206    (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)
 djedi     dje dei  full day                                  x1 is x2 full=
 days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diu=
rnal     3e 204    [today (=3D cabdei); tomorrow (=3D bavlamdei); yesterday=
 (=3D prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)
 pilno     pli      use                  'employ'             x1 uses/emplo=
ys x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpos=
e x3     2e 203    [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to d=
o x3 (=3D selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (=3D le'ipli, lejyplicu=
'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri=
, jibri)
 ponse pos     po'e possess                                   x1 possesses/=
owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3     =
         5g 202    (x3 is generally more important to the concept than comm=
only accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when=
 unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is ve=
ry culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, tu=
rni, zivle)
 mulno mul     mu'o complete                                  x1 (event) is=
 complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by sta=
ndard x3 7j 201    [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, t=
otal, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, =
culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)
 kei   kez          end abstraction                           elidable term=
inator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable)                             =
         3b 197
 sutra sut          fast                 'swift'              x1 is fast/sw=
ift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)      =
         4f 196    (cf. masno)
 cadzu     dzu      walk                                      x1 walks/stri=
des/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3                                     =
         1g 195    (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)
 jinvi jiv     ji'i opine                                     x1 thinks/opi=
nes x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4       =
         3l 194    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, =
pinka)
 dukse dus     du'e excess                                    x1 is an exce=
ss of/too much of x2 by standard x3                                        =
         3m 191    [cloying (=3D maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu,=
 ricfu, zmadu)
 gunka gun     gu'a work                                      x1 [person] l=
abors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3                     =
         8c 185    [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se ji=
bri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' =3D ni muvyselbai=
, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)
 gleki gek     gei  happy                'gay'                x1 is happy/g=
ay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)                               =
         3c 183    [adversity (=3D kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)
 voksa vok     vo'a voice                                     x1 is a voice=
/speech sound of individual x2                                             =
         9a 183    (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)
 kakne         ka'e able                 'can'                x1 is able to=
 do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/s=
tate)    2e 181    [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (=3D pli=
ka'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo =
list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)
 zukte zuk     zu'e act                                       x1 is a volit=
ional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3=
         2e 181    [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with=
 volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gu=
nka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, =
jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)
 gerku ger     ge'u dog                                       x1 is a dog/c=
anine/[bitch] of species/breed x2                                          =
         ai 180    (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)
 nixli nix xli      girl                                      x1 is a girl =
[young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3                    =
         4b 180    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use v=
erba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)
 preti ret     rei  question             'query'              x1 (quoted te=
xt) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4   =
         1h 178    (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)
 traji         rai  superlative          'extreme'            x1 is superla=
tive in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/r=
ange x4  6k 178    [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 =
end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, mil=
xe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zm=
adu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)
 cukta     cku      book                                      x1 is a book =
containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5     =
         1f 176    [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or i=
ts analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (=3D selpapri)]=
; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)
 jmive miv     ji'e live                                      x1 lives/is a=
live by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing                        =
         4c 172    [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, =
stuzi, zvati, xabju)
 facki fak     fa'i discover             'find'               x1 discovers/=
finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)     =
         4d 171    (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)
 jikca jik          socialize            'social'             x1 interacts/=
behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2        =
         2n 170    (cf. tarti, penmi)
 jimpe     jmi      understand           'comprehend'         x1 understand=
s/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3=
         1h 170    (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)
 bevri bev     bei  carry                'bear'               x1 carries/ha=
uls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[=
porter]  2b 165    [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu=
, benji, klama)
 gasnu         gau  do                                        x1 [person/ag=
ent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2             =
         2e 165    (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-=
agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)
 farlu fal     fa'u fall                                      x1 falls/drop=
s to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4                      =
         2b 164    [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well =
as gravity; (agentive "drop" =3D one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf=
=2E lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)
 bangu ban     bau  language                                  x1 is a/the l=
anguage/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)=
         1b 163    [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna=
, jufra, natmi, slaka)
 cnita nit     ni'a beneath                                   x1 is directl=
y/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of refere=
nce x3   2d 163    [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farn=
a, loldi)
 sipna sip          sleep                                     x1 is asleep =
(adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping                                         =
         6m 163    (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)
 canko         ca'o window                                    x1 is a windo=
w/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2                    =
         1f 162    (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, ka=
lri, kuspe)
 cpacu     cpa      get                  'acquire'            x1 gets/procu=
res/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not impl=
ied]     2b 160    [also fetch; accept a gift (=3D seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji=
, lebna, vimcu)
 gusni gus     gu'i illumine             'light'              x1 [energy] i=
s light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3                  =
         4d 159    [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2=
 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (=3D selgu'i for reor=
dered places); light/lamp (=3D tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ct=
ino, kantu)
 snada sad          succeed              'accomplish'         x1 [agent] su=
cceeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/=
try x3   8g 159    [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 =
(event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)
 krasi     kra      source               'origin'             x1 (site/even=
t) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process)         =
         2c 158    [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initia=
l]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, =
jicmu, sitna, jinto)
 lifri lif fri      experience           'life'               x1 [person/pa=
ssive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 =
         2n 158    [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 =
is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per =
zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (=3D jernyfri, z=
anjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)
 carmi cam     cai  intense                                   x1 is intense=
/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by obs=
erver x3 1a 157    [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probab=
ly better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in color=
s, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. =
denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre=
, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
 du'u  dum          bridi abstract                            abstractor: p=
redication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentenc=
e x2     at 157    (cf. mintu, dunli)
 stizu tiz          chair                'stool'              x1 is a chair=
/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for =
sitting  1f 156    (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)
 citno cit     ci'o young                'junior'             x1 is young/y=
outhful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2              =
         2c 155    [also age (=3D nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; =
(cf. cnino, slabu, verba)
 ka    kam          property abstract                         abstractor: p=
roperty/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [br=
idi]     3b 155    (cf. ckaji)
 kevna kev     ke'a cavity               'cave'               x1 is a cavit=
y/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus =
x1       6c 154    [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (=3D selke'a)];=
 (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)
 bitmu bim     bi'u wall                                      x1 is a wall/=
fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4                  =
         1h 153    (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, se=
nta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)
 dinju dij     di'u building                                  x1 is a build=
ing/edifice for purpose x2                                                 =
         2k 153    (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)
 simsa     smi      similar                                   x1 is similar=
/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2  =
         7j 150    [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike=
; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica,=
 mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)
 smuni mun smu      meaning                                   x1 is a meani=
ng/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3                     =
         3j 150    [referential meaning (=3Dselsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, s=
inxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)
 claxu         cau  without              'lack'               x1 is without=
/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less                                   =
         2g 149    (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)
 mlatu lat          cat                                       x1 is a cat/[=
puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is =
feline   ai 147    (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)
 terdi ted          earth                'terrestrial'        x1 is the Ear=
th/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound   =
         am 147    (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground=
, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e=
=2Eg. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)
 vorme vor vro      door                                      x1 is a doorw=
ay/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4                    =
         2k 147    [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (=3D vrogai/=
vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)
 pluka puk     pu'a pleasant                                  x1 (event/sta=
te) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3                       =
         9c 146    (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)
 stici sic          west                                      x1 is to the =
west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3                 =
         5d 146    (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)
 cliva liv     li'a leave                                     x1 leaves/goe=
s away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3                        =
         1g 145    [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. =
canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)
 ninmu nim     ni'u woman                'women'              x1 is a woman=
/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult]             =
         1k 145    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use r=
emna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)
 ranji         ra'i continue                                  x1 (event/sta=
te) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous o=
ver x2   9b 145    (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cu=
kla, fliba, preja, tcena)
 rokci rok     ro'i rock                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location =
x3       6c 144    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)
 slabu         sau  familiar                                  x1 is old/fam=
iliar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4          =
         2c 144    [This can cover both meanings of old.  Old in years, i.e=
=2E age, can be conveyed through x2 =3D the world, life, existence (=3D loi=
 nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis.  However =
slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (=3D nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposi=
te of 'new' (=3D tolni'o); also ancient (=3D tcesau), age (=3D nilsau); x2 =
is used to x1 (=3D selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (=3D c=
irsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not =
the opposite of citno, djuno)
 xabju         xa'u dwell                'inhabit'            x1 dwells/liv=
es/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/a=
bode x2  4d 144    (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)
 tsiju     tsi      seed                                      x1(s) is/are =
(a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 =
         5b 143    [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-devel=
opment; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a =
fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)
 denpa dep     de'a wait                 'pause'              x1 awaits/wai=
ts/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/=
process) 1h 141    [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming=
 x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)
 cipni     cpi      bird                                      x1 is a bird/=
avian/fowl of species x2                                                   =
         6c 140    (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, da=
nlu)
 penmi pen     pe'i meet                                      x1 meets/enco=
unters x2 at/in location x3                                                =
         1g 140    (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)
 blabi lab          white                                     x1 is white/v=
ery-light colored [color adjective]                                        =
         1a 139    [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g=
=2E pink (=3D labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale =3D dimne=
ss, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bak=
ri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
 pagbu pag     pau  part                                      x1 is a part/=
component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is par=
tly x1   7j 139    [partly (=3D selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadb=
a, spisa, gunma, rafsi)
 cizra ciz          strange              'bizarre'            x1 is strange=
/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka)                       =
         6f 137    [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic=
]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)
 cnino nin     ni'o new                                       x1 is new/unf=
amiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a nov=
elty     2c 137    (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)
 finti fin     fi'i invent                                    x1 invents/cr=
eates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/id=
eas x4   8b 135    [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska,=
 pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)
 galtu gal     ga'u high                                      x1 is high/up=
/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height =
x3       2d 135    [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above=
 a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cni=
ta, drudi, farna)
 manti              ant                                       x1 is an ant =
of species/breed x2                                                        =
         ai 135    (cf. cinki, jalra)
 broda rod          predicate var 1                           1st assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad 134    (cf. cmavo list bu'a)
 ckaji         kai  quality                                   x1 has/is cha=
racterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manife=
st in x1 3b 134    [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (=3D s=
elkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)
 xance xan     xa'e hand                                      x1 is a/the h=
and [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo]                =
         1c 134    [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, x=
lura, jamfu, tamji)
 mamta mam          mother               'mom'                x1 is a mothe=
r of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biolo=
gical]   4b 133    (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jb=
ena)
 blanu     bla      blue                                      x1 is blue [c=
olor adjective]                                                            =
         1a 132    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)
 loldi lol     loi  floor                                     x1 is a floor=
/bottom/ground of x2                                                       =
         2k 132    [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (=3D setloi, di=
jysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)
 simlu     mlu      seem                                      x1 seems/appe=
ars to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4            =
         7j 132    [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/obs=
ervation (=3D mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (=3D smimlu, mitmlu)];=
 (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)
 kelci kel     kei  play                                      x1 [agent] pl=
ays with plaything/toy x2                                                  =
         9c 131    [play game (=3D ci'erkei), play competitively (=3D jvike=
i)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)
 morji moj     mo'i remember             'memory'             x1 remembers/=
recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3               =
         2h 131    (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, not=
ci)
 djacu jac     jau  water                'aqua-'              x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquat=
ic]      4h 130    [aquatic (=3D jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna,=
 litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
 sisti     sti      cease                                     x1 [agent] ce=
ases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing=
 it]     1g 128    (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)
 tirna tin          hear                                      x1 hears x2 a=
gainst background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural        =
         6m 127    (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)
 lijda     jda      religion                                  x1 is a relig=
ion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets inclu=
ding x3  ac 126    [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), =
adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2=
 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (=3D seljda for reorder=
ed places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (=3D selterjda for reordered places)=
; x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (=3D terjda for reordered plac=
es); priest/clerical (=3D jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/reli=
gion (=3D be'ejda); congregation (=3D jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa,=
 cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranm=
i, ritli, xriso, zekri)
 cribe rib          bear                                      x1 is a bear/=
ursoid of species/breed x2                                                 =
         ai 125    (cf. danlu, mabru)
 jibni     jbi      near                                      x1 is near/cl=
ose to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)                     =
         2d 125    (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, ba=
rtu, diklo, stuzi)
 pinka pik          comment                                   x1 (text) is =
a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x=
4        8c 125    [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (=3D terselp=
inka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)
 turni     tru      govern                                    x1 governs/ru=
les/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subject=
s x2     ab 124    [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governe=
d; reign/rule (=3D noltru); king/queen/sovereign (=3D nolraitru); pure demo=
cracy (=3D roltrusi'o), representative democracy (=3D rolka'itrusi'o), vice=
roy (=3D ka'itru), pure communism (=3D guntrusi'o), board of directors/trus=
tees, steering committee (=3D trukamni); government (=3D trugunma, trugri (=
emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf.=
 catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)
 darxi dax     da'i hit                                       x1 hits/strik=
es/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4                =
         1g 121    (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pe=
ncu)
 karce              car                                       x1 is a car/a=
utomobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by=
 x3      4d 121    (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)
 litru         li'u travel                                    x1 travels/jo=
urneys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller   =
         7f 121    (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to cons=
train the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva,=
 pluta, limna, muvdu)
 da    dav dza      something 1                               logically qua=
ntified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted=
)        5a 120
 nanca         na'a year                                      x1 is x2 year=
s in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual=
         3e 120    [this year (=3D cabna'a); next year (=3D bavlamna'a); la=
st year (=3D prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)
 prami pam     pa'i love                                      x1 loves/feel=
s strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state)                   =
         9d 120    [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one=
 sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (=3D selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinm=
o, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)
 ckana     cka      bed                                       x1 is a bed/p=
allet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)       =
         an 118    (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, st=
izu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)
 cmima mim cmi      member                                    x1 is a membe=
r/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group=
 x2      7c 118    [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 =
is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its comm=
on property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership=
]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, la=
nzu, liste)
 cfari     cfa      initiate                                  x1 [state/eve=
nt/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)=
         2c 117    (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)
 tadni tad          study                                     x1 studies/is=
 a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly            =
         1h 116    (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)
 casnu     snu      discuss                                   x1(s) (mass n=
ormally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/su=
bject x2 1h 115    [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)
 punji puj     pu'i put                                       x1 (agent) pu=
ts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3                                   =
         1g 115    (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)
 zasti zat     za'i exist                                     x1 exists/is =
real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3                            =
         3j 115    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)
 jufra juf     ju'a sentence             'phrase'             x1 (text) is =
a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x=
3        1h 114    [phrase (=3D jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. v=
alsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)
 tricu ric          tree                                      x1 is a tree =
of species/cultivar x2                                                     =
         6c 114    (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)
 sarji     sra      support                                   x1 supports/h=
olds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by m=
eans x4  9a 113    [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (suc=
h reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' o=
r 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tu=
gni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)
 banzu baz          suffice                                   x1 (object) s=
uffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3            =
         3m 112    (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)
 bruna bun     bu'a brother                                   x1 is brother=
 of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biologi=
cal]     4b 111    (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)
 ro    rol          each                                      digit/number:=
 each, all                                                                 =
         3a 111
 banli bal     ba'i great                'grand'              x1 is great/g=
rand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3                                    =
         7j 110    [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the ob=
jective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) e=
xtraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, aug=
ust, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, statel=
y, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se=
 sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)
 galfi gaf     ga'i modify               'alter'              x1 (event) mo=
difies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3                       =
         2c 110    [agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resul=
tative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultativ=
e change; zasni)
 carvi cav          rain                                      x1 rains/show=
ers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain=
']       4h 109    (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)
 cinmo     cni      emotion                                   x1 feels emot=
ion x2 (ka) about x3                                                       =
         9d 108    [also mood/humor (=3D nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cu=
mla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, =
steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)
 minde mid     mi'e command                                   x1 issues com=
mands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded t=
o occur  1h 108    [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3=
; x1 is a commander; commanded (=3D termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna,=
 ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)
 badri     dri      sad                                       x1 is sad/dep=
ressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)        =
         3c 107    (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)
 mlana     mla      side                 'lateral'            x1 is to the =
side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-referenc=
e x4     1e 107    (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the=
 direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side.  The x4 of mlan=
a may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)
 tcidu tid          read                                      x1 [agent] re=
ads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader    =
         1h 107    (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)
 cladu         lau  loud                                      x1 is loud/no=
isy at observation point x2 by standard x3                                 =
         2g 106    (cf. savru)
 clani     cla      long                                      x1 is long in=
 dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard=
 x3      9b 106    (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gu=
tci, minli, rotsu)
 drani     dra      correct              'right'              x1 is correct=
/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standar=
d x4     1h 106    (cf. srera, mapti)
 fenra fer     fe'a crack                                     x1 is a crack=
/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2          =
         9b 106    (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)
 stuzi tuz stu      site                 'position'           x1 is an inhe=
rent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/=
event)   5d 106    [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, =
to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zv=
ati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)
 tsani tan          sky                                       x1 is an expa=
nse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial]                            =
         4h 106    (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)
 cilre     cli      learn                                     x1 learns x2 =
(du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/pro=
cess)    1h 103    (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)
 ckule kul     cu'e school                                    x1 is school/=
institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operat=
ed by x5 1h 103    [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)
 dertu der     de'u dirt                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composi=
tion x3  ah 103    [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, whic=
h need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)
 krici     kri      believe              'creed'              x1 believes [=
without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subjec=
t x3     3l 103    ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidenc=
e; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, m=
alsi, senpi, birti)
 pemci pem          poem                                      x1 is a poem/=
verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audienc=
e x4     8b 103    [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. pro=
sa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)
 speni     spe      married              'spouse'             x1 is married=
 to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x=
3        9a 103    (cf. prami, gletu)
 stuna sun          east                                      x1 is to the =
east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3                 =
         5d 103    (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)
 vajni vaj     vai  important            'significant'        x1 (object/ev=
ent) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 =
(nu/ka)  8c 103    [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banl=
i, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)
 te    ter          3rd conversion                            3rd conversio=
n; switch 1st/3rd places                                                   =
         2a 101
 dunli dun     du'i equal                                     x1 is equal/c=
ongruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3                =
         6k 100    [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity);=
 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similar=
ity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, fr=
ica, simsa, mintu)
 lisri lis          story                                     x1 is a story=
/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audie=
nce x4   8b 100    [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may =
be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/=
tale x1 about x2 to x4 (=3D selterlisri for place reordering); note that th=
e storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pem=
ci)
 tarmi tam     tai  shape                'form'               x1 [ideal] is=
 the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/a=
bstract) 9b 100    [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ide=
al form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/c=
ircle-shaped (=3D cukseltai) vs. circle (=3Dcuktai, while cukla alone is am=
biguous); model (=3D ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni=
, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, ma=
pti, morna, sarlu)
 dizlo diz dzi      low                                       x1 is low/dow=
n/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard heig=
ht x3    2d  99    [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above=
 a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gap=
ru, farna, loldi)
 pendo ped     pe'o friend                                    x1 is/acts as=
 a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1                          =
         2i  99    (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)
 vitke         vi'e guest                'visit'              x1 is a guest=
/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3                          =
         4d  99    (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)
 krixa kix     ki'a cry out                                   x1 cries out/=
yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier                                        =
         4c  98    (cf. klaku, bacru)
 sisku sis          seek                                      x1 seeks/sear=
ches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)    =
         8g  98    [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]=
; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)
 skicu     ski      describe                                  x1 tells abou=
t/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (pro=
perty)   7j  98    (cf. lisri, tavla)
 xusra xus     xu'a assert                                    x1 (agent) as=
serts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of au=
thority] 3j  98    [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that=
 x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)
 kabri              cup                                       x1 is a cup/g=
lass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3  =
         2j  97    [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta i=
s not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)
 spuda     spu      reply                'respond'            x1 answers/re=
plies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with respons=
e x3     1h  97    [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it wi=
ll usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that per=
son/object doing something.  "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object =
itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, pret=
i, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)
 bartu bar          out                                       x1 is on the =
outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2                                        =
         1e  96    (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)
 girzu gir gri      group                                     x1 is group/c=
luster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relatio=
ns x4    7c  96    [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; member=
s x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluste=
r (=3D kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kans=
a, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)
 xlali     xla      bad                  'mal-'               x1 is bad for=
 x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2                          =
         2i  96    [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable ev=
ent, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (=3D lenu ko'a gasnu cu x=
lali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)
 co'a          co'a initiative                                interval even=
t contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative                   >|<  =
  |      -   95    [beginning (=3D co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)
 patfu paf     pa'u father               'pop, padre'         x1 is a fathe=
r of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biologi=
cal]     4b  95    (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, be=
rsa, sovda)
 sidju     dju      help                 'aid'                x1 helps/assi=
sts/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3            =
         9c  95    (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)
 ralju ral          principal                                 x1 is princip=
al/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property =
x3 (ka)  8c  94    [staple (=3D ralselpra); general/admiral/president/princ=
ipal leader (=3D ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish a=
mong these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (=
x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, =
jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)
 crino         ri'o green                                     x1 is green/v=
erdant [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a  93    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)
 jarco         ja'o show                                      x1 (agent) sh=
ows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3  =
         8c  93    [reveal (=3D tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 sh=
ows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with=
 a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presen=
ce) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be=
 expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, la=
nli, mipri, simlu)
 lebna leb     le'a take                                      x1 takes/gets=
/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor)   =
         2b  93    [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition s=
uch that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, aliena=
tion is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession i=
s not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain poss=
ession, canci, cliva)
 sanli         sa'i stand                                     x1 stands [is=
 vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 =
         1g  93    [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upri=
ght; x1 bows/bends over (=3D krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of refer=
ence is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity=
 field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)
 botpi bot     bo'i bottle                                    x1 is a bottl=
e/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 =
         1f  92    (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)
 gerna gen     ge'a grammar                                   x1 is the gra=
mmar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3              =
         1h  92    (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)
 jdice     jdi      decide                                    x1 (person) d=
ecides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state)              =
         2f  92    (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)
 sidbo sib     si'o idea                                      x1 (idea abst=
ract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3  =
         9e  92    [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, =
jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)
 berti ber          north                                     x1 is to the =
north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of refe=
rence x3 5d  91    (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)
 kalri kar          open                                      x1 (portal/pa=
ssage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 b=
y x3     1e  91    [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)
 nibli nib     ni'i necessitate                               x1 logically =
necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system=
 x3      6a  91    (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge,=
 logji)
 stedu sed          head                                      x1 is a/the h=
ead [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion]                       =
         1c  91    [skull (=3D sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, =
flira, mapku)
 terpa tep     te'a fear                 'terror'             x1 fears x2; =
x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object)        =
         4c  90    [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/=
frightening/scary to x1 (=3D selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni=
, xanka, virnu)
 benji bej     be'i transfer             'send'               x1 transfers/=
sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medi=
um x5    4i  89    [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from =
origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, c=
radi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)
 cumki cum     cu'i possible             'maybe'              x1 (event/sta=
te/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a m=
aybe     3j  89    [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)
 fanmo fam     fa'o end                  'final'              x1 is an end/=
finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completen=
ess]     2c  89    [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus=
 of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 termi=
nates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (=3D selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. kr=
asi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)
 krinu rin     ki'u reason                                    x1 (event/sta=
te) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/=
state)   6a  89    (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cma=
vo list ki'u, bapli)
 xunre xun     xu'e red                                       x1 is red/cri=
mson/ruddy [color adjective]                                               =
         1a  89    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, ro=
zgu, zirpu)
 catra              kill                 'slaughter'          x1 (agent) ki=
lls/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3                              =
         8g  88    (cf. morsi, xarci)
 cuxna cux     cu'a choose                                    x1 chooses/se=
lects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)      =
         2f  88    [also prefer (=3D nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)
 danlu dal     da'u animal                                    x1 is an anim=
al/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate                      =
         6c  88    (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, ma=
bru, bakni)
 mekso mek     me'o MEX                                       x1 [quantifie=
r/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/conventi=
on x2    7e  88    (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pi=
lji)
 sanmi         sai  meal                                      x1 (mass) is =
a meal composed of dishes including x2                                     =
         5c  88    [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (=3D selsai for reordere=
d places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)
 xrani         xai  injure               'hurt'               x1 (event) in=
jures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (s=
tate)    4c  88    [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)
 bebna beb          foolish              'boob'               x1 is foolish=
/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob              =
         5g  87    (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)
 cpedu     cpe      request                                   x1 requests/a=
sks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4                 =
         1h  87    [also demand (=3D mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression =
(cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an =
action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may =
be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frat=
i, se spuda, danfu)
 jundi jud     ju'i attentive            'attend'             x1 is attenti=
ve towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2                =
         4d  87    (cf. kurji, zvati)
 cmana         ma'a mountain                                  x1 is a mount=
ain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass=
 x2      6c  86    (cf. punli, derxi)
 darno dar     da'o far                                       x1 is far/dis=
tant from x2 in property x3 (ka)                                           =
         2g  86    (cf. jibni)
 flecu     fle      flow                 'flush'              x1 is a curre=
nt/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/so=
urce x4  a   86    [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (=
=3D selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (=3D caifle, =
sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xamp=
o, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)
 ractu              rabbit                                    x1 is a rabbi=
t/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2                                           =
         ai  86    (cf. mabru, kerlo)
 verba ver     ve'a child                                     x1 is a child=
/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3          =
         4b  86    [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi=
, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)
 vreta     vre      reclining            'rest'               x1 lies/rests=
/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2             =
         an  86    (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)
 batci bat          bite                                      x1 bites/pinc=
hes x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4                                     =
         5c  85    [bite through (=3D ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (=3D cinz=
ybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)
 gacri         gai  cover                                     x1 is a cover=
/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2                           =
         9f  85    (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)
 nitcu     tcu      need                                      x1 needs/requ=
ires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of proce=
ss x3    3m  85    [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pind=
i, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)
 ganra gan          broad                                     x1 is broad/w=
ide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3        =
         6f  84    (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)
 gugde gug     gu'e country                                   x1 is the cou=
ntry of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) =
         ab  84    [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nat=
ion (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra,=
 lanci)
 notci not     noi  message              'note'               x1 is a messa=
ge/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x=
4        4i  84    [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (co=
ntrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively foc=
used subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended=
' audience.  xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresp=
onding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (=3D mojnoi)]; (cf. xatr=
a, nuzba, mrilu, morji)
 nuzba nuz          news                                      x1 (du'u) is =
news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x=
4        4i  84    (cf. cnino, notci)
 fanva              translate                                 x1 translates=
 text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result =
x5       1h  83    (cf. cusku, bangu)
 jinga jig     ji'a win                  'gain'               x1 (person/te=
am) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4=
         8g  83    [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here ar=
e opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those c=
ompeting for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an ev=
ent, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-ra=
ising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posyji'a, posyselji'a for=
 unambiguous semantics)];  (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, s=
fasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)
 cfipu         fi'u confusing                                 x1 (event/sta=
te) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)     =
         1h  82    (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)
 dasni das          wear                                      x1 wears/is r=
obed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3                                  =
         3f  82    [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike ta=
xfu)]; (cf. taxfu)
 vasru vas     vau  contain              'vessel'             x1 contains/h=
olds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2    =
         4d  82    [also accommodates, container; containment need not be t=
otal; x2 is [contained] in x1 (=3D selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bart=
u, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)
 xadni xad          body                                      x1 is a/the b=
ody/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal             =
         1c  82    (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)
 cidja     dja      food                 'feed'               x1 is food/fe=
ed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2                    =
         5b  81    (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)
 cpana              upon                                      x1 is upon/at=
op/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/grav=
ity x3   1e  81    (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati=
, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarj=
i, zbepi)
 je    jev jve      tanru and                                 logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought and                                     =
         7a  81
 snanu nan          south                                     x1 is to the =
south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3               =
         5d  81    (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)
 vimcu vic     vi'u remove                                    x1 removes/su=
btracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder=
 x4      7e  81    [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]=
; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)
 xatra         xa'a letter                                    x1 is a lette=
r/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with con=
tent x4  4i  81    (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the e=
mphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and =
not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subj=
ect'; ciska, mrilu, papri)
 ctuca     ctu      teach                                     x1 teaches au=
dience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (ev=
ent)     1h  80    [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, =
professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre=
, tadni)
 temci tem     tei  time                                      x1 is the tim=
e-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event =
x3       3e  80    [also age/elapsed time (=3D niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra,=
 citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)
 zdile     zdi      amusing              'amused'             x1 (abstract)=
 is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 =
about x1 5g  80    [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 i=
s amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/=
[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)
 jmina min          add                  'augment'            x1 adds/combi=
nes x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3             =
         5c  79    (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)
 rirxe         ri'e river                                     x1 is a river=
 of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4          =
         6c  79    (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, =
djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)
 jbena     jbe      born                 'bear'               x1 is born to=
 x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x=
4        4b  78    [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. f=
ange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)
 mabla mal          derogative                                x1 is a derog=
ative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in fo=
rm x1    3d  78    [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. p=
alci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca,=
 pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)
 milxe     mli      mild                                      x1 is mild/no=
n-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2  =
         6k  78    (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, tr=
aji)
 pagre     gre      pass through                              x1 passes thr=
ough/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin=
 side x4 4d  78    [passing through in both directions (=3D rolfargre, pagr=
e ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, =
vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)
 savru sav vru      noise                'clamor'             x1 is a noise=
/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory ch=
annel x3 2g  77    (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)
 ta    taz          that there                                pro-sumti: th=
at there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener     =
         1d  77
 ganse gas     ga'e sense                                     x1 [observer]=
 senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditi=
ons x4   4d  76    [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, ma=
kes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessaril=
y any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a proper=
ty which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing,=
 and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of dis=
cernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection=
); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana=
, canci, simlu)
 jgari         jai  grasp                'grip'               x1 grasps/hol=
ds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part o=
f x2)    5g  76    [hug (=3D birjai, pamjai); embrace (=3D xadjai); handsha=
ke (=3D xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (=3D veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, p=
encu, darxi, batke, rinju)
 smaji     sma      quiet                'silent'             x1 (source) i=
s quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3              =
         7j  76    (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)
 taxfu taf     ta'u garment                                   x1 is dress/a=
 garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purp=
ose x3   3f  76    [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something in=
tended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn a=
t some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, =
dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)
 tuple tup     tu'e leg                                       x1 is a/the l=
eg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch]                        =
         1c  76    (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)
 cabna cab          now                                       x1 is current=
 at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time       =
         4a  75    [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; ti=
me relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one even=
t does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, =
purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)
 manku man          dark                                      x1 is dark/la=
cking in illumination                                                      =
         1a  75    (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors=
, ctino)
 serti ser          stairs                                    x1 are stairs=
/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3                    =
         ao  75    (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)
 sudga sud          dry                                       x1 is dry of =
liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid                                         =
         6f  75    (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)
 cinri         ci'i interesting          'interests'          x1 (abstracti=
on) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1                 =
         8b  73    [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; int=
erested in (=3D selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)
 mintu mit     mi'u same                 'identical'          x1 is the sam=
e/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)        =
         2g  73    (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo lis=
t du - which has no standard place, simxu)
 xruti     xru      return                                    x1 (agent) re=
turns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 f=
rom x4   7f  73    [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (=3D se'ixru for agent se=
lf-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo=
); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may =
also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)];=
 (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)
 birka bir          arm                                       x1 is a/the a=
rm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength]                     =
         1c  72    [also elbow (=3D bircidni), wrist (=3D xanterjo'e), appe=
ndage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)
 lalxu         la'u lake                 'lagoon'             x1 is a lake/=
lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2                                    =
         6c  72    (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)
 sinxa     sni      sign                                      x1 is a sign/=
symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3  =
         7e  72    [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/m=
eaningful/of import; signal an action (=3D sniti'i), connotation (=3D se si=
byti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)
 skami sam          computer                                  x1 is a compu=
ter for purpose x2                                                         =
         8c  72    (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)
 cmila         mi'a laugh                'smile'              x1 laughs (em=
otional expression)                                                        =
         1g  71    [x1 laughs at x2 (=3D mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajm=
i, cisma)
 dargu dag          road                                      x1 is a road/=
highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)               =
         5d  71    [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelli=
ng]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)
 gurni     gru      grain                                     x1 is grain/[=
British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2                                =
         aj  71    (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, so=
bde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)
 mukti muk     mu'i motive                                    x1 (action/ev=
ent/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volitio=
n of x3  6a  71    [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/object=
ive x2 by x1 (=3D termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditio=
ns' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or=
 within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - gene=
rally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)
 spati     spa      plant                                     x1 is a plant=
/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2                               =
         6c  71    [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; =
(cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, =
xrula, pezli, srasu)
 tcadu     tca      city                 'town'               x1 is a town/=
city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/regi=
on x4    4d  71    [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecm=
u, jarbu)
 brife bif     bi'e breeze                                    x1 is a breez=
e/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2              =
         4h  70    (cf. tcima)
 jitfa jif          false                                     x1 (du'u) is =
false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2                =
         3j  70    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)
 manri mar          reference                                 x1 is a frame=
 of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rule=
s x3     2d  70    (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, c=
kilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)
 muvdu muv     mu'u move                                      x1 (object) m=
oves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4   =
         2b  70    [also mobile (=3D comymu'u, for the non-specific opposit=
e of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin=
 (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (=3D=
 muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (=3D muvri'a), self-propell=
ed (=3D sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (=3D pagmu'u), having a =
moving part (=3D muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (=3D mlumu'u)]; (cf.=
 rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litr=
u, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessari=
ly imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent i=
mplied, bevri, vimcu)
 condi con cno coi  deep                                      x1 is deep in=
 extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x=
4        6c  69    (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, mi=
nli)
 jamfu jaf jma      foot                                      x1 is a/the f=
oot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal =
         1c  69    (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)
 lamji lam     la'i adjacent                                  x1 is adjacen=
t/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4=
         2d  69    [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana,=
 jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)
 dansu              dance                                     x1 (individua=
l, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2                           =
         5g  68    (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)
 jubme jub jbu      table                                     x1 is a table=
/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x=
3        1f  68    (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)
 klesi     kle lei  class                                     x1 (mass/si'o=
) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (=
ka)      7c  68    [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family=
, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, =
vrici)
 xamsi xas          sea                                       x1 is a sea/o=
cean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine=
         6c  68    [also atmosphere (=3D varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, =
djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)
 jadni jad     ja'i adorn                                     x1 (object) a=
dorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decora=
ted      3f  67    [fancy/decorated (=3D selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batk=
e)
 kerfa     kre      hair                                      x1 is a/the h=
air/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3                              =
         1c  67    (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)
 solri sol          solar                                     x1 is the sun=
 of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar    =
         am  67    ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a r=
ace, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species i=
nhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)
 suksa suk          sudden                                    x1 (event/sta=
te) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/functio=
n x3     7j  67    [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)
 vanci vac          evening                                   x1 is an even=
ing [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location=
 x3      3e  67    [this evening (=3D cabvanci); tomorrow evening (=3D bavl=
amvanci); yesterday evening (=3D prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)
 certu     cre      expert                                    x1 is an expe=
rt/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3     =
         8c  66    [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)
 ciksi     cki      explain                                   x1 (person) e=
xplains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)         =
         1h  66    [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpo=
se/method for x2 (=3D velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be=
 non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. ja=
lge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousnes=
s, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word n=
ot a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, m=
ukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)
 curmi     cru      let                  'permit'             x1 (agent) le=
ts/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2   =
         8e  66    [sufficient condition (=3D crutcini), agent that permits=
 a situation (=3D tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)
 danfu daf          answer                                    x1 is the ans=
wer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2                       =
         1h  66    (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive resp=
onse/reply, cpedu)
 dicra dir          interrupt            'disturb, disrupt'   x1 (event) in=
terrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3=
         4d  66    [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, d=
enpa)
 frili fil          easy                 'freely'             x1 (action) i=
s easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/=
easily   1i  66    (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)
 mapti mat          fit                  'match'              x1 fits/match=
es/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspec=
t x3     7j  66    (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)
 nicte     cte      night                                     x1 is a night=
time of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal       =
         3e  66    [tonight (=3D cabycte); tomorrow night (=3D bavlamcte, e=
ven when tonight is still in the future); last night (=3D prulamcte)]; (cf.=
 donri, djedi, tcika)
 pixra pir xra      picture                                   x1 is a pictu=
re/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4    =
         4d  66    [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing=
 (=3D xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (=3D xraci'a/xraci'a), image (=3D xratai), p=
hoto (=3D kacmyxra), take a photo (=3D kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu=
'e); sculpture, relief (=3D blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barn=
a, skina)
 stali     sta      remain               'stay'               x1 remains/st=
ays at/abides/lasts with x2                                                =
         4d  66    (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)
 fengu feg     fe'u angry                                     x1 is angry/m=
ad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)                                    =
         3c  65    (cf. fanza, dunku)
 flira fir          face                                      x1 is a/the f=
ace [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial                      =
         1c  65    (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)
 pacna         pa'a hope                                      x1 hopes/wish=
es for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 h=
appens   9d  65    [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as =
hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness acc=
ording to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or=
 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation =
is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the pr=
obability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting";=
 the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to =
"li piro"); wish (=3D sotpa'a), hope (=3D sorpa'a), expect (=3D sojypa'a)];=
 (cf. djica)
 bunre bur     bu'e brown                                     x1 is brown/t=
an [color adjective]                                                       =
         1a  64    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
 culno     clu      full                                      x1 is full/co=
mpletely filled with x2                                                    =
         2g  64    (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)
 jetnu jet     je'u true                                      x1 (du'u) is =
true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2                         =
         3j  64    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)
 jukpa jup          cook                                      x1 cooks/prep=
ares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)                      =
         5c  64    [cook with heat (=3D glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (=3D t=
okyjukpa); fry (=3D rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)
 zanru zar     zau  approve                                   x1 approves o=
f/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)                             =
         8d  64    (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)
 mikce mic          doctor               'medic'              x1 doctors/tr=
eats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/=
cure x4  4c  63    [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a pat=
ient of x1 (=3D selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person=
/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (=3D sadmikce, sadvelmik=
ce), intransitive (=3D sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external age=
nt/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment =
(=3D velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)
 xebni xen     xei  hate                                      x1 hates/desp=
ises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1=
         2i  63    [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sen=
se)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)
 plipe pip     pi'e leap                                      x1 (agent/obj=
ect) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled =
by x5    1g  62    [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a rout=
e-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)
 purci pur pru      past                 'earlier'            x1 is in the =
past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter=
         4a  62    [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in tha=
t x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts bef=
ore x2 but is continuing during x2 (=3D cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.=
e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (=3D fampru), x1 is completed before x=
2 starts (=3D mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)
 rupnu rup     ru'u dollar               'ruble'              x1 is measure=
d in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary syste=
m x3     5e  62    [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a =
price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, mi=
nli, merli, bunda, kramu)
 sarcu         sa'u necessary                                 x1 (abstract)=
 is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 =
         3m  62    [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, cond=
ition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)
 tcika              time of day                               x1 [hours, {m=
inutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at locatio=
n x4     3e  62    [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are speci=
fied as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (=
cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu=
, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)
 darlu         dau  argue                                     x1 argues for=
 stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]                 =
         3j  61    (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, da=
mba, bradi, tavla)
 krefu ref     ke'u recur                                     x1 (event) is=
 the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [for=
m] x1    7j  61    [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, o=
ccasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)
 pleji lej     le'i pay                                       x1 pays/compe=
nsates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/ser=
vices x4 8b  61    [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a com=
modity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commoditi=
es, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posle=
'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (=3D jerle'i, lejyjbera)]=
; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda=
, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, d=
irba)
 sanji saj          conscious                                 x1 is conscio=
us/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstrac=
t)       6m  61    [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies s=
ome amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, an=
d may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the =
senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)
 dandu dad          hang                 'dangle, suspend'    x1 hangs/dang=
les/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3                               =
         7j  60    [pendant (=3D dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning=
)] (cf. lasna, jorne)
 fange              alien                'foreign'            x1 is alien/f=
oreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)                       =
         6f  60    (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)
 mipri mip          secret                                    x1 keeps x2 s=
ecret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2    =
         3l  60    [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (=3D selcr=
i or nalterju'o); secret (=3D selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, =
cirko, jarco)
 nandu nad          difficult            'hard'               x1 is difficu=
lt/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive=
) x2     1i  60    (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)
 renro rer     re'o throw                                     x1 throws/lau=
nches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally t=
o x1)    8h  60    (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)
 satci              exact                'precise'            x1 [measureme=
nt/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) =
         7e  60    (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)
 tcini              situation            'state'              x1 [state/pro=
perty] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances=
 of x2   8c  60    [characteristics or environment of an object/event/proce=
ss stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuz=
i, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)
 zgike     zgi gi'e music                                     x1 is music p=
erformed/produced by x2 (event)                                            =
         5g  60    [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, mus=
ical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (=3D zgica'a); play an in=
strument (=3D zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (=3D sag=
zgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (=3D zgivo'a); composed music (=3D =
finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tong=
a, xagri, siclu)
 cpare par          climb                                     x1 climbs/cla=
mbers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]   =
         2b  59    (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)
 jalge jag     ja'e result                                    x1 (action/ev=
ent/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/pro=
cess)    6a  59    [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (=3D selja'e for reordered pl=
aces); total (general meaning, but also =3D mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]=
; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilj=
i, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)
 ke    kem          start grouping                            start groupin=
g of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping    =
         3b  59    (cf. cmavo list ke'e)
 kunti kut          empty                'vacant'             x1 [container=
] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow                           =
         2g  59    [also vacuum (=3D kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, ti=
sna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)
 kurji kuj     ku'i take care of         'care'               x1 takes-care=
-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/p=
erson)   2l  59    [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian =
of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)
 censa ces          holy                 'sacred'             x1 is holy/sa=
cred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2                       =
         ac  58    (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)
 desku des          shake                                     x1 shakes/qua=
kes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2               =
         1g  58    [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to =
side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)
 finpe fip     fi'e fish                 'fin'                x1 is a fish =
of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrat=
es]      5b  58    (cf. danlu)
 mleca mec     me'a less                                      x1 is less th=
an x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4                         =
         6k  58    [also negative (=3D nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cma=
vo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)
 pinxe pix          drink                                     x1 (agent) dr=
inks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/sou=
rce x3   2j  58    (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)
 pritu              right                                     x1 is to the =
right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3           =
         1e  58    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. c=
mavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)
 tugni tug     tu'i agree                                     x1 [person] a=
grees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x=
4        9c  58    (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)
 balvi bav          future               'later'              x1 is in the =
future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former =
         4a  57    [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after;=
 time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in=
 time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (=3D cfab=
alvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur];=
 (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)
 karni              journal                                   x1 is a journ=
al/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audi=
ence x4  8b  57    [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single=
 subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so thi=
s need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)
 cilmo cim          moist                                     x1 is moist/w=
et/damp with liquid x2                                                     =
         6f  56    (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)
 co'e  com     co'e unspecif bridi                            elliptical/un=
specified bridi relationship                                               =
         at  56
 fagri fag          fire                                      x1 is a fire/=
flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) =
         a   56    (cf. jelca, sacki)
 jicmu     cmu      basis                                     x1 is a basis=
/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom =
of x2    7j  56    [x2 is founded on basis x1 (=3D selcmu for reordered pla=
ces); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and pr=
operties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bo=
ttoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)
 prije pij          wise                 'sage'               x1 is wise/sa=
ge about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3                            =
         a   56    (cf. bebna)
 fendi fed          divide                                    x1 (agent) di=
vides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partiti=
on x4    9b  55    [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna,=
 frinu)
 fuzme fuz     fu'e responsible                               x1 is respons=
ible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3     =
         8c  55    (cf. bilga)
 jdari jar          firm                 'hard'               x1 is firm/ha=
rd/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3                    =
         6f  55    (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)
 kargu              costly                                    x1 (object/co=
mmodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3      =
         5e  55    [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D poskargu for unambiguous s=
emantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, je=
mna, sfasa, vecnu)
 palci pac          evil                                      x1 is evil/de=
praved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2                                 =
         2i  55    (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)
 sovda sov     so'a egg                  'ovum'               x1 is an egg/=
ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2               =
         5b  55    [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- b=
eing unspecified): ovoid, oblate (=3D pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); =
egg, specifically female (=3D fetso'a), of a bird (=3D cpifetso'a, cpiso'a)=
, of a chicken (=3D jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not=
 require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sov=
da" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. =
ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju f=
or shape, tarbi)
 zunti zun     zu'i interfere            'hinder'             x1 (evt./stat=
e) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality =
x3 (ka)  a   55    [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcin=
g cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, g=
anlo)
 briju bij          office               'bureau'             x1 is an offi=
ce/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3                           =
         8c  54    (cf. jibri, gunka)
 brito rit          British                                   x1 reflects B=
ritish/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2                     =
         ab  54    (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)
 ckire kir          grateful                                  x1 is gratefu=
l/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property)                   =
         2l  54    [also gratitude (=3D nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo,=
 friti, pluka)
 korbi kor     koi  edge                 'border, curb'       x1 is an edge=
/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3                 =
         9b  54    (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)
 lanzu laz          family               'clan'               x1 (mass) is =
a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard=
 x3      4b  54    [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanz=
u for reordered places); relative (=3D lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da=
 poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)
 lenku lek          cold                 'cool'               x1 is cold/co=
ol by standard x2                                                          =
         2g  54    (cf. glare, bisli)
 sance     sna      sound                                     x1 is sound p=
roduced/emitted by x2                                                      =
         7j  54    [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voks=
a, siclu, slaka)
 srasu sas          grass                                     x1 is a blade=
/expanse of grass of species x2                                            =
         6c  54    [lawn/meadow (=3D sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)
 betri bet          tragedy              'tragic'             x1 is a trage=
dy/disaster/tragic for x2                                                  =
         4c  53    (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)
 mupli mup          example                                   x1 is an exam=
ple/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of =
set x3   2h  53    (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)
 porsi por     poi  sequence                                  x1 [ordered s=
et] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 =
         7c  53    [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely s=
pecified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)
 ratcu              rat                                       x1 is a rat o=
f species/breed x2                                                         =
         ai  53    (cf. smacu)
 simxu sim     si'u mutual                                    x1 (set) has =
members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ s=
umti])   7j  53    [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in r=
eturn do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kamp=
u, mintu)
 xagji              hunger                                    x1 hungers fo=
r x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2                                          =
         2j  53    (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)
 cipra cip          test                 'proof'              x1 (process/e=
vent) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/=
mass)    7e  52    [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in =
x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)
 co    col          tanru inversion                           tanru inversi=
on operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumt=
i links  -   52
 denmi dem          dense                                     x1 is dense/c=
oncentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3        =
         7j  52    (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)
 smacu              mouse                                     x1 is a mouse=
 of species/breed x2                                                       =
         ai  52    (cf. ratcu)
 carna car          turn                                      x1 turns/rota=
tes/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3                                =
         1g  51    [also revolve (=3D jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)
 jersi         je'i chase                'pursue'             x1 chases/pur=
sues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2   =
         as  51    [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)
 lidne         li'e precede              'leader'             x1 precedes/l=
eads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/follo=
wing     8c  51    [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading ind=
icators'; x2 after, trailing (=3D selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cma=
vo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, j=
atna, farna)
 makfa maf          magic                                     x1 is magic/s=
upernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/de=
ity x3   a   51    (cf. krici, manci)
 manci mac          wonder                                    x1 feels wond=
er/awe/marvels about x2                                                    =
         9d  51    (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)
 mensi mes     me'i sister                                    x1 is a siste=
r of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biol=
ogical]  4b  51    (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)
 pruxi rux     ru'i spirit                                    x1 is spiritu=
al/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/e=
thereal  a   51    [also soul (=3D ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xad=
ni)
 vrici              miscellaneous        'various'            x1 (set/mass/=
ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka)                =
         6f  51    (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)
 dacti         dai  object               'thing'              x1 is a mater=
ial object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing                           =
         1f  50    (cf. marji, xanri)
 jivna     jvi      compete              'rival'              x1 competes/v=
ies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 riva=
ls x2    8g  50    [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 compet=
ition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or externa=
l)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)
 lo'e  lom          the typical                               veridical des=
criptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ...                         =
         at  50
 nobli nol     no'i noble                                     x1 is noble/a=
ristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2    =
         a   50    [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban=
 metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recogni=
zed culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. ban=
li)
 cikna cik          awake                                     (adjective:) =
x1 is awake/alert/conscious                                                =
         6m  49    (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)
 raktu         ra'u trouble                                   x1 (object/pe=
rson/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3  =
         4c  49    [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are=
 a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (=3D selra'u for reorder=
ed places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)
 tanxe tax     ta'e box                  'trunk'              x1 is a box/c=
arton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3                 =
         1f  49    (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)
 vecnu ven     ve'u sell                 'vend'               x1 [seller] s=
ells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense=
 x4      8c  49    [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1=
 (=3D terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (=3D velve'=
u for reordered terms); for sale (=3D fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a=
 specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically=
, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the obje=
ct/commodity (=3D posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. c=
anja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see no=
te at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)
 xanka              nervous              'anxious'            x1 is nervous=
/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3                        =
         9d  49    (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)
 bredi red bre      ready                                     x1 is ready/p=
repared for x2 (event)                                                     =
         9c  48    (cf. spaji, jukpa)
 cinse cin          sexual                                    x1 in activit=
y/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard=
 x4      5g  48    [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role=
], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) =
x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (=3D cinfriti, cinjikca=
)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)
 ckini         ki'i related              'akin, kin'          x1 is related=
 to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3                          =
         2g  48    (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe,=
 fange)
 dembi deb          bean                                      x1 is a bean/=
pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2                                 =
         5b  48    (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)
 frica fic          differ                                    x1 differs/is=
 distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x=
3        2g  48    [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, dra=
ta, dunli, simsa, vrici)
 grusi rus          gray                                      x1 is gray [c=
olor adjective]                                                            =
         1a  48    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
 prane         pa'e perfect                                   x1 is perfect=
/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 =
(ka)     7j  48    [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, c=
fila, mulno)
 srera     sre      err                                       x1 errs in do=
ing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standa=
rd x4    1h  48    (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)
 tatpi         ta'i tired                                     x1 is tired/f=
atigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest                =
         4c  48    (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)
 ti    tif          this here                                 pro-sumti: th=
is here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker    =
         1d  48
 trixe rix     ti'e behind                                    x1 is posteri=
or/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3      =
         1e  48    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (=
=3D rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)
 banro         ba'o grow                                      x1 grows/expa=
nds [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3               =
         8f  47    [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increa=
ses]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)
 fanza faz          annoy                                     x1 (event) an=
noys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2                                        =
         a   47    [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunt=
a, zunti, jicla)
 kucli              curious                                   x1 is curious=
/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)   =
         9d  47    [inquisitive (=3D retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinr=
i)
 munje muj     mu'e universe                                  x1 is a unive=
rse/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by r=
ules x3  a   47    [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which c=
omprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'wo=
rld of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the u=
niverse from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, ken=
sa, mulno)
 natmi nat     nai  nation                                    x1 is a natio=
n/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture]           =
         ab  47    (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)
 pa    pav          1                                         digit/number:=
 1 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a  47
 salpo         sa'o slope                                     x1 is sloped/=
inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3                  =
         5d  47    [also steep (=3D tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilin=
ear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)
 sazri saz          operate                                   x1 operates/d=
rives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3  =
         8c  47    (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)
 sepli sep     sei  apart                'separate'           x1 is apart/s=
eparate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium=
 x3      6f  47    [also aloof (=3D jiksei); alone (=3D rolsmisei meaning a=
part or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" o=
r "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who =
are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu=
, marbi)
 virnu     vri      brave                'valiant, virtue'    x1 is brave/v=
aliant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3                    =
         4c  47    (cf. terpa, darsi)
 xekri xek     xe'i black                                     x1 is black/e=
xtremely dark-colored [color adjective]                                    =
         1a  47    (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, bl=
anu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
 cisma              smile                                     x1 smiles/gri=
ns (facial expression)                                                     =
         1g  46    [smile/grin at something (=3D cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cm=
ila, frumu)
 clite lit          polite                                    x1 is polite/=
courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3               =
         9c  46    [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)
 setca         se'a insert                                    x1 (agent) in=
serts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between membe=
rs of x3 6f  46    [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filli=
ng'; inject (=3D je'erse'a); syringe/needle (=3D se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci=
, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tis=
na, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)
 zabna zan     za'a favorable                                 x1 is a favor=
able connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3                     =
         3d  46    (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)
 gusta              restaurant                                x1 is a resta=
urant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3                    =
         5c  45    (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)
 jibri jib          job                                       x1 is a job/o=
ccupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of pe=
rson x2  2n  45    [working for another (=3D selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gun=
ka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically =
for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not n=
ecessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for in=
cidental activities)
 kajde     jde      warn                 'caution'            x1 (event/exp=
erience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/propert=
y)       4c  45    [agentive warning (=3D jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to w=
arn which may not succeed (=3D jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, =
nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)
 kulnu     klu      culture                                   x1 [mass of i=
deas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is et=
hnic     ab  45    [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is sha=
red among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cm=
avo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)
 limna lim          swim                                      x1 (agent) sw=
ims in fluid x2                                                            =
         6c  45    (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)
 masno     sno      slow                                      x1 is slow/sl=
uggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)                      =
         4f  45    (cf. sutra)
 nanla              boy                  'lad'                x1 is a boy/l=
ad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3                   =
         4b  45    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use v=
erba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)
 pencu pec     pe'u touch                                     x1 (agent) to=
uches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2]    =
         1g  45    (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zg=
ana)
 ricfu rif cfu      rich                                      x1 is rich/we=
althy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2                              =
         a   45    (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)
 rinsa              greet                                     x1 (agent) gr=
eets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 =
(action) 2n  45    (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmav=
o list co'o)
 risna              heart                'cardiac'            x1 is a/the h=
eart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutr=
al]      aa  45    [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (=3D cnis=
e'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)
 rivbi riv          avoid                'evade'              x1 avoids/eva=
des/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) =
         a   45    [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally a=
n object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily succes=
sful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, s=
isku, kalte, fapro)
 sevzi sez     se'i self                                      x1 is a self/=
ego/id/identity-image of x2                                                =
         7j  45    (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)
 trina     tri      attract                                   x1 attracts/a=
ppeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka)            =
         7j  45    [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, =
xlura, maksi)
 cerni cer          morning                                   x1 is a morni=
ng [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at locatio=
n x3     3e  44    [this morning (=3D cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (=3D b=
avlamcerni); yesterday morning (=3D prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci=
, murse, tcika)
 jdini din     di'i money                'dinero'             x1 is money/c=
urrency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fisca=
l        5e  44    ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (=3D =
pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)
 klaku kak          weep                                      x1 weeps/crie=
s tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)                               =
         4c  44    (cf. badri, krixa)
 nanba nab          bread                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2         =
         5b  44    (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)
 bilga big          obliged                                   x1 is bound/o=
bliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do =
x2       8c  43    [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)
 bisli bis          ice                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 =
         5b  43    [composition including x2, which need not be a complete =
composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)
 lafti laf          lift                                      x1 (force) li=
fts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4  =
         8h  43    [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (=3D l=
afmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)
 liste     ste      list                                      x1 (physical =
object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium=
 x4      7c  43    [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. por=
si, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance;=
 some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific or=
der may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)
 pajni         pai  judge                                     x1 judges/ref=
erees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract)      =
         2f  43    [x2 includes jei =3D rule (jetpai), ni =3D estimate (lai=
rpai), ka =3D evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu =3D referee/arbitrate (fa=
urpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (=
=3D paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury=
 (=3D pairkamni), serve on a jury (=3D kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf.=
 cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)
 porpi pop     po'i break                                     x1 breaks/fra=
ctures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2                   =
         4c  43    (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)
 stidi sid     ti'i suggest                                   x1 (agent) su=
ggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/am=
ong x3   8c  43    [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (=3D faurti=
'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)
 tcati              tea                                       x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2                       =
         2j  43    (cf. ckafi)
 torni ton     to'i twist                'torsion'            x1 twists und=
er load/force/torsion x2                                                   =
         a   43    (cf. tinsa, trati)
 vikmi vim     vi'i excrete                                   x1 [body] exc=
retes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4                           =
         aa  43    (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)
 zenba zen     ze'a increase             'augment'            x1 (experienc=
er) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3=
         a   43    (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)
 cenba     cne      vary                                      x1 varies/cha=
nges in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x=
4        2c  42    [non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change]; (cf.=
 cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, s=
tika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo)
 cirko     cri      lose                                      x1 loses pers=
on/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situatio=
n x3     8g  42    [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, =
this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D po'ecri, =
posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, ji=
nga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)
 grana         ga'a rod                                       x1 is a rod/p=
ole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2                           =
         9b  42    (cf. garna)
 sinma         si'a esteem                                    x1 esteems/re=
spects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect]                     =
         9d  42    [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (=3D selsi'a =
for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgir=
a)
 sonci son     soi  soldier                                   x1 is a soldi=
er/warrior/fighter of army x2                                              =
         a   42    (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)
 tadji              method                                    x1 [process] =
is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions =
x3       8f  42    [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (=3D trata=
dji); pattern (=3D montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste=
, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)
 tsali     tsa      strong                                    x1 is strong/=
powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3                =
         7g  42    (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)
 vacri var          air                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition includi=
ng x3    5g  42    (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)
 vi    viz          here at                                   location tens=
e distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... =
         4a  42    (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)
 basti bas          replace              'substitute'         x1 replaces/s=
ubstitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substi=
tute     3m  41    [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, =
binra)
 cortu cor cro      pain                 'hurt'               x1 hurts/feel=
s pain/hurt at locus x2                                                    =
         4c  41    (cf. cinmo, xrani)
 daspo     spo      destroy              'despoil'            x1 (event) de=
stroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive                         =
         4c  41    (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)
 fatci fac          fact                                      x1 (du'u) is =
a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute                            =
         3j  41    (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cf=
ika, saske)
 foldi     flo foi  field                                     x1 is a field=
 [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2          =
         9b  41    [also woods (=3D ricfoi), lawn/meadow (=3D sasfoi), brus=
h (=3D spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)
 minra mir          reflect              'mirror'             x1 reflects/m=
irrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces =
on x1    a   41    [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e=
 of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical=
 object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. cat=
lu, viska, lenjo, pensi)
 sefta     sfe      surface                                   x1 is surface=
/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edg=
es x4    9b  41    [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)
 stasu              soup                 'stew'               x1 is a quant=
ity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2              =
         5b  41    [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. =
sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)
 steci tec     te'i specific             'special'            x1 (ka) is sp=
ecific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 =
(set)    7j  41    [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object wh=
ose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (=3D tecra'=
a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/=
strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. =
srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)
 surla sur          relax                                     x1 relaxes/re=
sts/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity)                             =
         9c  41    (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)
 ciblu     blu      blood                                     x1 is blood/v=
ital fluid of organism x2                                                  =
         4c  40    (cf. risna, flecu)
 fonxa fon          telephone                                 x1 is a telep=
hone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2                       =
         2n  40    (cf. tcana)
 joi   jol     joi  in a mass with                            non-logical c=
onnective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mas=
s        aq  40
 kandi kad          dim                                       x1 is dim/dul=
l/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 =
         1a  40    [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though =
blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, lin=
to, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, n=
arju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
 midju mij          middle                                    x1 is in/at t=
he middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central   =
         2d  40    (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)
 nabmi nam          problem                                   x1 (event/sta=
te) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3         =
         8c  40    [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, dan=
fu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)
 selfu sef     se'u serve                                     x1 (agent) se=
rves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing=
 x3      a   40    (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)
 xelso xes          Greek                'Hellas'             x1 reflects G=
reek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                    =
         ab  40    (cf. latmo, ropno)
 zunle zul          left                                      x1 is to the =
left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3             =
         1e  40    [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cm=
avo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)
 cnemu nem     ne'u reward                                    x1 (agent) re=
wards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts =
x4       a   39    [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature;=
 rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point=
 of view of the rewarder: positive reward (=3D zanyne'u), punishment, penal=
ty, demerit (=3D malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodit=
y (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, t=
his is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posne'u, p=
osyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, ji=
vna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)
 cpina              pungent                                   x1 is pungent=
/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2                              =
         5c  39    [also prickly (=3D pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja=
, panci, sumne)
 detri det          date                                      x1 is the dat=
e [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar =
x4       3e  39    (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by =
pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, j=
eftu, masti, nanca, tcika)
 jutsi jut          species                                   x1 is a speci=
es of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization]=
         ai  39    [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspo=
nd to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bush=
ier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a plac=
e thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hier=
archy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf.=
 klesi, lanzu)
 mansa              satisfy                                   x1 satisfies =
evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3                                     =
         8c  39    (cf. pajni)
 masti         ma'i month                                     x1 is x2 mont=
hs in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3                   =
         3e  39    [this month (=3D cabma'i); next month (=3D bavla'ima'i);=
 last month (=3D prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)
 nurma num          rural                                     x1 is a rural=
/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country                          =
         6c  39    (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)
 srana         ra'a pertain              'concerns'           x1 pertains t=
o/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2   =
         7j  39    [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetri=
c, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than=
 x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)
 tarti     tra      behave                                    x1 behaves/co=
nducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3        =
         9c  39    [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati,=
 tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)
 tisna tis          fill                 'stuff'              x1 (object) f=
ills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into=
 x1      6f  39    [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; a=
gentive filling (=3D tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/=
blow up (=3D gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (=3D liktisna, agenti=
ve likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)
 bersa bes     be'a son                                       x1 is a son o=
f mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological]                    =
         4b  38    [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, m=
amta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)
 jarki jak          narrow                                    x1 is narrow =
in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3            =
         6f  38    (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)
 kavbu kav          capture              'catch'              x1 captures/c=
atches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3                    =
         8e  38    [catch something thrown (=3D rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kal=
te, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)
 merko mer          American                                  x1 pertains t=
o USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2                    =
         1b  38    (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)
 no    non          0                                         digit/number:=
 0 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a  38    [nothing (=3D nomei, but also nozu'i)]
 skuro         ku'o groove               'furrow'             x1 is a groov=
e/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2                          =
         9b  38    (cf. plixa)
 solji     slo      gold                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-react=
ive]     ag  38    (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)
 tigni tig          perform                                   x1 performs x=
2 [performance] for/before audience x3                                     =
         5g  38    (cf. jarco)
 bolci bol     boi  ball                                      x1 is a ball/=
sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [mad=
e of x2] 9b  37    [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)
 cilce cic          wild                                      (adjective:) =
x1 is wild/untamed                                                         =
         6c  37    [tame (=3D tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)
 cmoni     cmo co'i moan                                      x1 utters moa=
n/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) =
         4c  37    [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meo=
w, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)
 cripu rip          bridge                                    x1 is a bridg=
e/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination f=
irst]    ao  37    (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)
 drudi rud dru      roof                                      x1 is a roof/=
top/ceiling/lid of x2                                                      =
         2k  37    (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, ma=
pku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from =
other things above the drudi, mapku)
 fepni fep     fei  cent                 'penny'              x1 is measure=
d in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3    =
         5e  37    [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is gener=
ally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit pla=
ces may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupn=
u, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
 glico gic gli      English                                   x1 is English=
/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2                         =
         1b  37    [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer=
 to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normall=
y requiring constraint =3D gligu'e, or simply redundancy =3D gligli-); Brit=
ish English, the norm language of the UK (=3D gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which=
 refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, s=
ralo, kadno, skoto)
 jorne jon     jo'e joined                                    x1 is joined =
to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union =
         6f  37    [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x=
3/with fastener x3; fastener (=3D jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of=
 joined objects (=3D jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequ=
ence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)
 kufra kuf          comfort                                   x1 feels comf=
ort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2          =
         9d  37    (cf. cinmo)
 purdi pud          garden                                    x1 is a garde=
n/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop=
 x3      6c  37    [orchard (=3D ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)
 tcica tic          deceive              'cheat, trick'       x1 (event/exp=
erience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/stat=
e)       a   37    [agentive deception (=3D ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be=
 an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not i=
mplied (=3D malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (=3D sezyt=
cica); deceive/trick into misguided action (=3D ticyxlu); misguided belief =
(=3D tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (=3D ticysku, jifsku), white =
lie (=3D zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)
 vlipa     vli      powerful                                  x1 has the po=
wer to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 unde=
r x3     7g  37    [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, r=
uble)
 birti bit          certain                                   x1 is certain=
/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true                                   =
         3l  36    (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)
 bo    bor          short scope link                          short scope j=
oiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping     =
         8a  36
 danmo dam          smoke                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2         =
         4h  36    [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)
 dirba dib          dear                                      x1 is dear/pr=
ecious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2                       =
         9d  36    [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydirba for unambiguous =
semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)
 jbini bin     bi'i between                                   x1 is between=
/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (=
ka)      2d  36    [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the boun=
ds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, =
bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)
 kanro         ka'o healthy                                   x1 is healthy=
/fit/well/in good health by standard x2                                    =
         4c  36    (cf. bilma, mikce)
 lerci lec          late                                      x1 (event) is=
 late by standard x2                                                       =
         2g  36    (cf. clira)
 lorxu lor     lo'u fox                                       x1 is a fox [=
bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2                          =
         ai  36    (cf. gerku)
 lunra lur          lunar                                     x1 is Earth's=
 moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2         =
         am  36    (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)
 rectu rec     re'u meat                 'flesh'              x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2                           =
         5b  36    (cf. sluji)
 snura nur     nu'a secure                                    x1 is secure/=
safe from threat x2 (event)                                                =
         9a  36    (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)
 xasli              donkey               'ass'                x1 is a donke=
y/jackass of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai  36    (cf. xirma, kumte)
 clira lir          early                                     x1 (event) is=
 early by standard x2                                                      =
         2g  35    (cf. lerci)
 jeftu jef          week                                      x1 is x2 week=
s in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3                           =
         3e  35    [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, cla=
ssically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week=
 (=3D cabjeftu); next week (=3D bavlamjeftu); last week (=3D prulamjeftu)];=
 (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)
 namcu nac     na'u number                                    x1 (li) is a =
number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not th=
e symbol 3a  35    (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)
 spaji paj          surprise                                  x1 (event/act=
ion abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2=
         9d  35    [also expectation (=3D nalspaji), alarm (=3D tepspaji)];=
 (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)
 sumne              smell                                     x1 (experienc=
er) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observe=
r x1     6m  35    (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)
 tubnu         tu'u tube                                      x1 is a lengt=
h of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of mat=
erial x3 9b  35    [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (c=
f. kevna, canlu)
 xajmi xam          funny                'comic'              x1 is funny/c=
omical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to=
 x2      5g  35    [also: x1 is a comedian (=3D xampre, xamseljibri for a p=
rofessional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be ca=
reful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)
 damba dab     da'a fight                'combat'             x1 fights/com=
bats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant =
         8g  34    [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. b=
radi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)
 jitro     tro      control                                   x1 has contro=
l over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performa=
nce)     8c  34    [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/e=
vent x3; manage (=3D selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu=
'e) (as distinct from manager/boss =3D gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'=
i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessar=
ily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, tu=
rni, vlipa, xance, xlura)
 kalsa kas          chaotic                                   x1 is chaotic=
/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)                                     =
         a   34    (cf. cunso, cnici)
 lakne         la'e probable             'likely'             x1 (event/sta=
te/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2                        =
         6f  34    (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cn=
ano)
 malsi mas          temple                                    x1 is a templ=
e/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area=
 x3      9a  34    [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to .=
=2E.), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (=3D mojmalsi, si'armal=
si)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)
 rapli rap          repeat                                    x1 [action] r=
epeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences                =
         1h  34    [practice (=3D rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. =
cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)
 rarna rar          natural                                   x1 is natural=
/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)            =
         6c  34    (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)
 satre         sa'e stroke                                    x1 (agent) st=
rokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3                                                 =
         9c  34    [pet (=3D pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)
 senpi sen          doubt                'skeptic'            x1 doubts/is =
dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true                =
         9d  34    [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (=3D selsenpi=
 for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)
 xrula rul          flower                                    x1 is a/the f=
lower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is flo=
ral      aj  34    (cf. spati)
 bloti lot blo lo'i boat                                      x1 is a boat/=
ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3                     =
         7f  33    (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)
 cecmu cem     ce'u community                                 x1 is a commu=
nity/colony of organisms x2                                                =
         7c  33    (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)
 ckasu cas          ridicule             'scoff'              x1 ridicules/=
mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event)  =
         5g  33    (cf. cmila)
 cutci cuc          shoe                                      x1 is a shoe/=
boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3   =
         3f  33    [also boot (=3D tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)
 ganlo         ga'o closed                                    x1 (portal/pa=
ssage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x=
2 by x3  1e  33    [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membran=
e]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)
 gletu let gle      copulate             'coitus'             x1 copulates/=
fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2                          =
         as  33    [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (=3D cpanygle)]; (cf.=
 cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)
 jmaji jaj          gather                                    x1 (mass/jo'u=
) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u)            =
         3m  33    [also focus (=3D seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)
 klina     kli      clear                                     x1 (object/me=
dium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmissio=
n]       7j  33    [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative=
 use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as =3D filseljmi=
)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')
 nakni nak          male                 'masculine'          x1 is a male/=
buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine  =
         4b  33    (cf. fetsi, bersa)
 panpi pap          peace                                     x1 is at peac=
e with x2                                                                  =
         8g  33    (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorica=
l extensions, cilce, jamna)
 rirni rir          parent               'rear'               x1 is a paren=
t of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2     =
         4b  33    (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, be=
rsa)
 vanbi vab          environment          'ambient'            x1 (ind./mass=
) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2            =
         5d  33    [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, srur=
i, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)
 xaksu xak          use up                                    x1 (event) us=
es up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource]                             =
         a   33    [waste (=3D fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, das=
po, livla, pinxe)
 canci              vanish                                    x1 vanishes/d=
isappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sen=
sor x3   a   32    [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse,=
 zgana, lebna, vimcu)
 kakpa              dig                                       x1 (agent) di=
gs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4          =
         6f  32    [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. kat=
na, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)
 kruca kuc          intersect            'cross'              x1 intersects=
/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3                                          =
         5d  32    (cf. cripu, ragve)
 mentu met     me'u minute                                    x1 is x2 minu=
tes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3                       =
         3e  32    (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)
 panzi paz          offspring                                 x1 is a [biol=
ogical] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is fili=
al       4b  32    (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)
 pelxu pel          yellow                                    x1 is yellow/=
golden [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a  32    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)
 ragve rav          across                                    x1 is located=
 across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x=
3        3j  32    [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly a=
cross/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance o=
n the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, =
pagre)
 re    rel          2                                         digit/number:=
 2 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a  32
 rijno rij          silver               'argent'             x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarni=
shing]   5e  32    (cf. solji)
 sicni         si'i coin                 'specie'             x1 is a coin/=
token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4   =
         5e  32    (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)
 skari     ska      color                                     x1 is/appears=
 to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4         =
         1a  32    [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf=
=2E blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, z=
irpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)
 skina kin          cinema                                    x1 is a cinem=
a/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audi=
ence x4  5g  32    [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than=
 a subject; cartoon/animation (=3D selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (=
=3D tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, v=
idni, pixra, finti)
 snime         si'e snow                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow                                    =
         4h  32    (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)
 tixnu tix     ti'u daughter                                  x1 is a daugh=
ter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological]              =
         4b  32    (cf. bersa, panzi)
 tordu tor     to'u short                                     x1 is short i=
n dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standar=
d x3     9b  32    (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)
 bajra baj          run                                       x1 runs on su=
rface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4                                       =
         2b  31    (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)
 canlu cal     ca'u space                'volume'             x1 is space/v=
olume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2             =
         al  31    [also occupy (=3D selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, ke=
vna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)
 dasri     sri      ribbon                                    x1 is a ribbo=
n/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2                                    =
         3f  31    (cf. djine)
 katna         ka'a cut                                       x1 (tool/blad=
e/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3          =
         5c  31    [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acti=
ng upon a blade; agentive cutting (=3D ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, s=
raku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, =
tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)
 klani         lai  quantity                                  x1 is a quant=
ity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o)   =
         3b  31    [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)
 marji maj     mai  material             'matter'             x1 is materia=
l/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3           =
         6b  31    [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material];=
 (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)
 menli men          mind                 'mental'             x1 is a mind/=
intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2                      =
         3l  31    [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenom=
enon; multiple personalities (=3D so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, p=
ensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)
 narju naj          orange                                    x1 is orange =
[color adjective]                                                          =
         1a  31    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, so=
lji)
 saske     ske      science                                   x1 (mass of f=
acts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3        =
         8c  31    [not limited to science as derived by the scientific met=
hod, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gath=
ered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipr=
a, pensi, jimpe)
 toknu tok          oven                                      x1 is an oven=
 [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2          =
         5c  31    (cf. nanba)
 vasxu vax     va'u breathe              'vascular'           x1 breathes/r=
espires x2 [gas]                                                           =
         4d  31    (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular=
 is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries t=
he respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)
 cifnu cif          infant                                    x1 is an infa=
nt/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2      =
         3b  30    [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)
 ckiku kik          key                                       x1 is a key f=
itting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties =
x3       ao  30    [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (=3D termifckiku,=
 kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form prope=
rties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock -=
 in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the sh=
aft and teeth]; (cf. stela)
 datni              data                                      x1 (du'u) [fa=
ct/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by metho=
d x3     8b  30    [evidence (=3D velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)=
] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)
 denci den     de'i tooth                'dental'             x1 is a/the t=
ooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental                          =
         aa  30    (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dak=
fu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)
 fraxu fax          forgive                                   x1 forgives x=
2 for event/state/activity x3                                              =
         4d  30    (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)
 jemna     jme      gem                                       x1 is a gem/p=
olished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3            =
         6c  30    [also jewel (=3D jmeja'i); gemstone (=3D x2, x3, or jmer=
o'i, jmekunra); pearl (=3D selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercaky=
jme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-o=
f-pearl (=3D cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulj=
i)
 junri jur          serious                                   x1 (person) i=
s serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity)              =
         9d  30    [also solemn (=3D drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf.=
 tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)
 kanla kal          eye                  'ocular'             x1 is a/the e=
ye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocu=
lar      1c  30    [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)
 ni    nil          amount abstract                           abstractor: q=
uantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on sca=
le x2    3b  30    (cf. klani)
 sampu sap          simple                                    x1 is simple/=
unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)                                  =
         6f  30    (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)
 vensa ves          spring               'vernal'             x1 is spring/=
springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is v=
ernal    3e  30    (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)
 xendo xed     xe'o kind                                      x1 (person) i=
s kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3                                        =
         9c  30    (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)
 cupra     pra      produce                                   x1 produces x=
2 [product] by process x3                                                  =
         8f  29    (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)
 kecti kec     ke'i pity                                      x1 (person) p=
ities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction)                   =
         4c  29    (cf. cinmo, xendo)
 pezli pez          leaf                                      x1 is a leaf =
of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2                                           =
         5b  29    (cf. tricu, papri, spati)
 pindi pid          poor                 'indigent'           x1 is poor/in=
digent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2               =
         a   29    [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu,=
 nitcu, pikci)
 sruri rur sru      surround                                  x1 encircles/=
encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3           =
         7j  29    [(jinsru =3D) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circl=
ing/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, se=
nta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)
 tagji tag          snug                 'tight'              x1 is snug/ti=
ght on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4                            =
         3f  29    (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)
 tarci tar          star                                      x1 is a star/=
sun with stellar properties x2                                             =
         am  29    (cf. solri, tsani)
 tcila til          detail                                    x1 is a detai=
l/feature/particular of x2                                                 =
         8f  29    (cf. diklo, steci)
 tonga tog     to'a tone                                      x1 is a tone/=
note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3                                  =
         a   29    (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)
 vofli vol     voi  flight               'fly'                x1 flies [in =
air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2                          =
         7f  29    (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)
 xirma xir     xi'a horse                                     x1 is a horse=
/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2                      =
         ai  29    [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasl=
i, kumte)
 bilma         bi'a ill                                       x1 is ill/sic=
k/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3                                =
         4c  28    (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)
 ctino         ti'o shadow               'shade'              x1 is a shado=
w/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3                   =
         a   28    (cf. manku, gusni)
 dakli              sack                                      x1 is a sack/=
bag with contents x2, and of material x3                                   =
         3f  28    (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)
 dilnu dil          cloud                                     x1 is a cloud=
 of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4                  =
         4h  28    (cf. carvi, tcima)
 janco jan          shoulder                                  x1 is a/the s=
houlder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3       =
         aa  28    (cf. birka)
 judri              address                                   x1 is an addr=
ess of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3                                  =
         5d  28    (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)
 kampu         kau  common                                    x1 (property =
- ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set)   =
         6f  28    (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, si=
mxu)
 mudri mud          wood                 'lumber'             x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2     =
         6b  28    (cf. tricu, stani)
 pluja luj          complicated          'complex'            x1 is complex=
/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3            =
         6f  28    [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgen=
a)
 snuti nut          accidental                                x1 (event/sta=
te) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident      =
         4c  28    (cf. zukte, cunso)
 stapa tap          step                                      x1 steps/trea=
ds on/in surface x2 using limbs x3                                         =
         a   28    (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)
 vlile vil          violent                                   x1 is an even=
t/state/act of violence                                                    =
         8g  28    (cf. suksa, jursa)
 zifre zif     zi'e free                                      x1 is free/at=
 liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3                     =
         8e  28    [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjectiv=
e:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally;=
 (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kak=
ne, frili)
 cnici nic          orderly              'neat'               x1 is orderly=
/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)                              =
         7j  27    (cf. cunso, kalsa)
 crisa cis          summer                                    x1 is summer/=
summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3                          =
         3e  27    (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)
 dunja duj          freeze               'jell'               x1 freezes/je=
lls/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3                           =
         4h  27    (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)
 dunku duk     du'u anguish                                   x1 is anguish=
ed/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2                           =
         4d  27    (cf. fengu, surla)
 gunma gum          jointly              'mass'               x1 is a mass/=
team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointl=
y        5a  27    [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) dis=
played by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individua=
l set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily rele=
vant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu=
, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)
 linsi lin          chain                'links'              x1 is a lengt=
h of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3                    =
         9f  27    (cf. skori)
 prali pal          profit                                    x1 is a profi=
t/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 =
         8d  27    [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (=3D selterprali for reord=
ered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or=
 a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising f=
rom ownership of the object/commodity (=3D selposprali for unambiguous sema=
ntics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda=
, zivle)
 rirci              rare                                      x1 [member] i=
s rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (s=
et)      6f  27    (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni=
, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concep=
ts)
 sligu lig          solid                                     x1 is solid, =
of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3                  =
         6b  27    [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runt=
a, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)
 xenru xer     xe'u regret               'rue'                x1 regrets/ru=
es (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2    =
         4c  27    [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (=3D zugyxe'u)]; (cf. c=
mavo list .u'u, zungi)
 cacra              hour                                      x1 is x2 hour=
s in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3                           =
         3e  26    (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
 ciste         ci'e system                                    x1 (mass) sys=
tem interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (k=
a)       7e  26    [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also =
relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic =
functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tad=
ji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)
 farna far     fa'a direction                                 x1 is the dir=
ection of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3           =
         5d  26    [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (=3D selfa'a for reordered pla=
ces)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, =
stici, purci, balvi, lidne)
 kancu kac          count                                     x1 (agent) co=
unts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x=
4        3a  26    (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)
 lindi lid          lightning                                 x1 is lightni=
ng/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3          =
         4h  26    [also thunder (=3D lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)
 moklu mol     mo'u mouth                'oral'               x1 is a/the m=
outh/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumpt=
ion)     1c  26    [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)
 pastu pas          robe                 'tunic'              x1 is a robe/=
tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x=
2        3f  26    [also coveralls (=3D paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palk=
u)
 rinju         ri'u restrain                                  x1 is restrai=
ned/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)        =
         3m  26    [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restra=
ins/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (=3D selri'u for reordered places); =
agentive restraint (=3D ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, ka=
vbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)
 salci     sla      celebrate                                 x1 celebrates=
/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3            =
         9c  26    [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fa=
ir/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation =
of 'celebrate': funeral (=3D mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)
 senva sev sne      dream                'reverie'            x1 dreams abo=
ut/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1            =
         6m  26    [dream/reverie (=3D selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)
 xlura     xlu      influence            'lure'               x1 (agent) in=
fluences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4  =
         7j  26    [also impresses; x4 is alluring (=3D trivelxlu for place=
 reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform =
an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. =
djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)
 za'o          za'o superfective                              interval even=
t contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective  |   =
  ---->  at  26    (cf. dukse)
 kagni kag          company                                   x1 is a compa=
ny/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3   =
         8c  25    [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kans=
a, kamni, banxa, bende)
 klaji laj          street               'avenue'             x1 is a stree=
t/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3         =
         5d  25    [also corridor; not typically a route between points, bu=
t offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)
 kosta kos          coat                                      x1 is a coat/=
jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of materia=
l x2     3f  25    (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)
 kukte kuk          delicious            'cooked, tasty'      x1 is delicio=
us/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity]     =
         2j  25    [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)
 pinsi pis          pencil                                    x1 is a penci=
l/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of materi=
al] x3   1f  25    [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 t=
o display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (=3D tabypinsi)=
]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more gen=
eral term over penbi), burcu, bakri)
 ranti ran          soft                                      x1 is soft/ma=
lleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3                     =
         2g  25    (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)
 renvi rev     re'i survive                                   x1 survives/e=
ndures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 =
         4c  25    [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for durat=
ion x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri,=
 stali, temci)
 spisa     spi      piece                                     x1 [object/su=
bstance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance]          =
         7j  25    (cf. pagbu)
 bikla bik          whip                 'beat, lash'         x1 whips/lash=
es/snaps [a sudden violent motion]                                         =
         ao  24    (cf. skori, darxi)
 brode         bo'e predicate var 2                           2nd assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad  24
 calku cak          shell                                     x1 is a shell=
/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3                 =
         9f  24    (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)
 cunso cun     cu'o random               'chance'             x1 is random/=
fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution=
 x3      7e  24    [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbit=
rary (also =3D cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredicta=
ble")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)
 dapma dap          curse                'damn'               x1 curses/dam=
ns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3                                          =
         a   24    [curse with a specific expression (=3D dapsku)]; (cf. ma=
bla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)
 gunta gut          attack                                    x1 (person/ma=
ss) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x=
3        8g  24    (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)
 jegvo jeg     je'o Jehovist                                  x1 pertains t=
o the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect =
x2       ac  24    [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)
 jinto              well                                      x1 is a well/=
spring of fluid x2 at location x3                                          =
         a   24    (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)
 logji loj          logic                                     x1 [rules/met=
hods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (d=
u'u)     7a  24    [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)
 ritli         ri'i rite                                      x1 is a rite/=
ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/r=
ules x4  9a  24    [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the m=
otions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, c=
lite, junri)
 tcena ten          stretch                                   x1 stretches/=
extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4=
         9b  24    (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)
 tilju tij          heavy                'weighty'            x1 is heavy/w=
eighty in mass/weight by standard x2                                       =
         9b  24    (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)
 titla tit          sweet                                     x1 is sweet/s=
ugary/saccharine to observer x2                                            =
         5c  24    (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)
 zekri zer     zei  crime                                     x1 (event/sta=
te) is a crime/[taboo/offense/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2        =
         8d  24    [taboo (=3D kluzei, cacyzei); sin (=3D madzei, jdamadzei=
); heresy (=3D jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, jav=
ni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)
 citri cir          history                                   x1 is a histo=
ry of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3                    =
         a   23    [also historic/historical (=3D cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf=
=2E muzga)
 ckafi kaf          coffee                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2                =
         2j  23    [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coff=
ee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)
 datka              duck                                      x1 is a duck/=
[drake] of species/breed x2                                                =
         ai  23    (cf. cipni)
 fadni fad          ordinary                                  x1 [member] i=
s ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (se=
t)       6f  23    [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property a=
mong set x3 (=3D selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla fo=
rms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu=
, lakne, tcaci, cnano)
 frati     fra      react                                     x1 reacts/res=
ponds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is resp=
onsive   2b  23    [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reacti=
on x2 (=3D terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (=3D te=
rfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)
 grute rut          fruit                                     x1 is a fruit=
 [body-part] of species x2                                                 =
         6c  23    (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, pl=
ise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimr=
e)
 jenca jen          shock                                     x1 (event) sh=
ocks/stuns x2                                                              =
         4c  23    (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)
 jvinu vin     ji'u view                                      x1 is the vie=
w/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view =
x3       6c  23    [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, vis=
ka, canko, jarco)
 kerlo ker          ear                  'aural, earlobe'     x1 is a/the e=
ar [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] =
         1c  23    [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, ti=
rna, ractu)
 lanli lal          analyze                                   x1 analyzes/e=
xamines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity]      =
         8c  23    (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)
 pulce puc     pu'e dust                 'pulverized'         x1 is dust/pr=
ecipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3              =
         a   23    (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)
 sorcu soc sro      store                                     x1 is a store=
/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3           =
         3m  23    [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/=
location restriction; e.g. a heap.  The sumti indicates how the supply is i=
dentified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that ar=
e not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji =
for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)
 tcaci cac          custom               'habit'              x1 is a custo=
m/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3                             =
         7j  23    [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, =
kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)
 tcima tim     ti'a weather              'climate'            x1 is weather=
 at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological                     =
         4h  23    [climate (=3D citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, =
carvi, dilnu, bratu)
 vanju van          wine                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2                       =
         2j  23    (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)
 dakfu dak          knife                                     x1 is a knife=
 (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3                          =
         1f  22    (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)
 du    dub     du'o same identity as                          identity selb=
ri; =3D sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to s=
ame thing  1   22    [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic Engli=
sh copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)
 fatri         fai  distribute                                x1 is distrib=
uted/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'=
u)       8c  22    [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribu=
tion (=3D fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, t=
cana)
 janli jal          collide                                   x1 collides w=
ith/crashes/bumps/runs into x2                                             =
         4c  22    (also collide =3D simjanli for a collision between two m=
oving objects); (cf. darxi)
 jimca jic          branch               'limb'               x1 is a branc=
h/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical=
 birka]  6c  22    [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)
 pikta              ticket                                    x1 is a ticke=
t entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x=
4        5g  22    (cf. jaspu)
 plita pit          plane                                     x1 is a plane=
 [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth]=
         9b  22    [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points =
at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, =
boxfo, pinta)
 sabji sab          provide              'supply'             x1 [source] p=
rovides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient]         =
         3m  22    [agentive supply (=3D sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sor=
cu)
 venfu vef          revenge              'avenge'             x1 takes reve=
nge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (=
nu)      a   22    [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, =
cnemu)
 bidju              bead                                      x1 is a bead/=
pebble [shape/form] of material x2                                         =
         9b  21    (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)
 bukpu buk     bu'u cloth                                     x1 is an amou=
nt of cloth/fabric of type/material x2                                     =
         3f  21    (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)
 cinba              kiss                 'buss'               x1 (agent) ki=
sses/busses x2 at locus x3                                                 =
         5g  21    (cf. ctebi)
 cukla cuk          round                'circular'           x1 is round/c=
ircular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring               =
         9b  21    [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis=
 on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji=
, bolci, tarmi)
 fraso fas          French               'France'             x1 reflects F=
rench/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                     =
         ab  21    (cf. ropno)
 ja    jav          tanru or                                  logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought or                                      =
         7a  21
 kusru kus          cruel                                     x1 (person) i=
s cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2                                           =
         9c  21    (cf. xendo, jursa)
 lumci lum     lu'i wash                                      x1 (agent) wa=
shes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4    =
         5g  21    [agentless washing/cleansing (=3D cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (=
cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)
 makcu         ma'u mature                                    x1 is mature/=
ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka)                      =
         9c  21    (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)
 mixre mix xre      mixture                                   x1 (mass) is =
a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2          =
         5c  21    [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingred=
ient/part/component/element of x1 (=3D selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. =
salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)
 skapi kap          pelt                 'skin'               x1 is a pelt/=
skin/hide/leather from x2                                                  =
         9f  21    (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)
 spoja poj     po'a explode                                   x1 bursts/exp=
lodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments =
x2       a   21    (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)
 stela tel          lock                                      x1 is a lock/=
seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3                     =
         ao  21    (cf. ckiku)
 bapli bap     bai  force                'compel'             x1 [force] (k=
a) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest =
         as  20    [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics t=
erm (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, k=
rinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)
 cfila     cfi      flaw                                      x1 (property =
- ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3                              =
         7j  20    (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)
 cirla              cheese                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2                                 =
         5b  20    (cf. ladru)
 degji deg          finger               'digit'              x1 is a/the f=
inger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: pen=
insula]  1c  20    [finger (=3D xandegji), toe (=3D jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi,=
 tamji, tance, xance),
 dukti dut          opposite             'contrary'           x1 is polar o=
pposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o)        =
         3j  20    (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)
 festi fes          waste                                     x1(s) is/are =
waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity)                    =
         a   20    [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (=3D fesygau, fesyzu'=
e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)
 funca fun     fu'a luck                 'fortune'            x1 (event/pro=
perty) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not impli=
ed)      4d  20    (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)
 lacpu lap cpu      pull                                      x1 pulls/tugs=
/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3                                      =
         8h  20    [gravity (=3D ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci=
, cokcu)
 lasna         la'a fasten               'lash'               x1 (agent) fa=
stens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4             =
         3f  20    [no implication that result is considered a single objec=
t; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, =
the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jg=
ena, batke, dinko, kansa)
 mapku map          cap                                       x1 is a cap/h=
at/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2        =
         3f  20    (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)
 morna mon     mo'a pattern              'form'               x1 is/reflect=
s/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x=
3        9b  20    [x3 is a [model] for x1 (=3D termontai, or the more abst=
ract =3D termonsi'o); image (=3D gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, s=
elmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the =
ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva=
, jimpe, rilti)
 pulji              police                                    x1 is a polic=
e officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2           =
         a   20    [police officer, as an agent of authority (=3D ca'irpulj=
i, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (=3D puljysoi, as part of puljyse=
lsoi); military police (=3D jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni,=
 flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)
 rufsu ruf          rough                                     x1 is rough/c=
oarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity                =
         6f  20    [fine-textured (=3D tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)
 siclu sil          whistle                                   x1 [sound sou=
rce] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2                    =
         a   20    (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)
 silna              salt                                      x1 is a porti=
on/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3            =
         5b  20    (cf. sakta)
 smadi              guess                'surmise'            x1 guesses/co=
njectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]      =
         3l  20    [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is=
 true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. dju=
no, facki, jijnu, sruma)
 spita              hospital                                  x1 is a hospi=
tal treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3       =
         4c  20    [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o =3D =
mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)
 tance tac          tongue                                    x1 is a/the t=
ongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji)        =
         aa  20    [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, =
tamji, degji)
 vidni              video                                     x1 is a video=
 monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2                          =
         ao  20    (cf. skina, ve tivni)
 vifne vif          fresh                                     (adjective:) =
x1 is fresh/unspoiled                                                      =
         5c  20    (cf. fusra)
 xalbo              levity               'frivolous'          x1 uses levit=
y/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction)                          =
         a   20    (cf. junri, linto)
 xanri xar          imaginary            'unreal'             x1 [concept] =
exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2             =
         3j  20    [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unrea=
l (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not =
imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so=
 that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereb=
y really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidb=
o)
 cuntu         cu'u affair                                    x1 is an affa=
ir/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's busine=
ss       8d  19    [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usu=
ally an abstraction) (=3D selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)
 draci              drama                                     x1 is a drama=
/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with ac=
tors x5  5g  19    [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, =
cfika)
 dunra dur          winter                                    x1 is winter/=
wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3                         =
         3e  19    (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)
 fenki fek          crazy                'frenzy'             x1 (action/ev=
ent) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2    =
         4d  19    (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)
 gasta gat          steel                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2               =
         6b  19    (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)
 javni     jva      rule                                      x1 is a rule =
prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3=
         7e  19    [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirem=
ent (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within =
x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list=
 ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)
 pelji     ple      paper                'page'               x1 is paper f=
rom source x2                                                              =
         1h  19    [sheet of paper (=3D plekarda if shape is important, ple=
bo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)
 rutni run          artifact                                  x1 is an arti=
fact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-=
made     6c  19    (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)
 steba seb          frustration                               x1 feels frus=
tration about x2 (abstraction)                                             =
         9d  19    (cf. cinmo)
 stika tik          adjust                                    x1 (event) ad=
justs/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3                     =
         a   19    [non-resultative, agentive change]; (cf. cenba which nee=
d not be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which nee=
d not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi)
 xadba xab          half                                      x1 is exactly=
/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3                 =
         7e  19    (cf. mulno, pagbu)
 xedja xej     xe'a jaw                                       x1 is a/the j=
aw [body-part] of x2                                                       =
         1c  19    (cf. stedu)
 cidni cid          knee                                      x1 is a/the k=
nee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3          =
         1c  18    [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)
 donri dor     do'i daytime                                   x1 is the day=
time of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)  =
         3e  18    (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)
 fapro fap pro      oppose                                    x1 opposes/ba=
lances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (a=
bstract) a   18    [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, =
lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)
 ferti     fre      fertile                                   x1 is fertile=
/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prol=
ific     a   18    [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential=
 and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, c=
ange)
 jipci              chicken                                   x1 is a chick=
en/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2      =
         5b  18    (cf. cipni)
 kamju              column                                    x1 is a colum=
n/pillar of material x2                                                    =
         a   18    [spine (=3D bogykamju), vertebra (=3D kamjybo'u)]; (cf. =
ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)
 kruji ruj          cream                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of compositio=
n x2     2j  18    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)
 ladru lad          milk                 'lactic'             x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/d=
airy     2j  18    (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)
 mebri meb          brow                                      x1 is a/the b=
row/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2                 =
         aa  18    (cf. stedu, flira)
 pruce ruc     ru'e process                                   x1 is a proce=
ss with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4     =
         8f  18    [x2 resource (=3D selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc=
- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo l=
ist pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)
 rebla reb          tail                                      x1 is a/the t=
ail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appe=
ndage]   ai  18    (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)
 sobde sob     so'e soya                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2                              =
         aj  18    (cf. dembi, gurni)
 tu    tuf          that yonder                               pro-sumti: th=
at yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & lis=
tener    1d  18
 tumla tum     tu'a land                                      x1 is a parce=
l/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain                            =
         8d  18    (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde,=
 xamsi)
 vamji vam     va'i value                                     x1 (ni) is th=
e equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciatio=
n x4     8d  18    [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits =
(one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (=3D selva'i for reordered places); =
merit reward (=3D nemselva'i); receive merited reward (=3D vamselne'u); x2 =
may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; peda=
ntically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of =
the object/commodity (=3D posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]=
; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima o=
n cost/price/value distinction, vajni)
 basna              emphasize            'accent'             x1 emphasizes=
/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3             =
         1h  17    [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)
 besna ben          brain                                     x1 is a/the b=
rain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control]           =
         aa  17    [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)
 cimni              infinite                                  x1 is infinit=
e/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of typ=
e x3     al  17    [also everlasting, eternity, (=3D cimnytei), eternal (=
=3D cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)
 cinki              insect                                    x1 is an inse=
ct/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle]                                   =
         6c  17    (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bi=
fce)
 ckape cap          peril                                     x1 is perilou=
s/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3                  =
         a   17    [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, t=
e marbi, se snura, se xalni)
 gidva gid     gi'a guide                                     x1 (person/ob=
ject/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 =
(event)  5d  17    [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be=
 followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution =
of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to =
be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)
 jamna jam          war                                       x1 (person/ma=
ss) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2         =
         8g  17    (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)
 jimte jit          limit                                     x1 is a limit=
/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3            =
         7e  17    [restrain/constrain within limits (=3D jitri'u, jitygau,=
 jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi=
, fanta, jbini)
 juxre jux          clumsy               'awkward'            x1 (action) i=
s clumsy/awkward by standard x2                                            =
         5g  17    (cf. sluji, muvdu)
 kalte kat          hunt                                      x1 hunts/stal=
ks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3                                      =
         as  17    [also verb: to fish (=3D fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, =
sisku, rivbi)
 kinli kil          sharp                'keen'               x1 is sharp/k=
een at locus x2                                                            =
         7j  17    (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)
 kojna koj     ko'a corner                                    x1 is a corne=
r/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of mate=
rial x3  9b  17    [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need=
 not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some dir=
ection; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo=
, jganu, krasi)
 lacri lac          rely                                      x1 relies/dep=
ends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)   =
         8c  17    (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)
 lunbe lub          bare                                      x1 is bare/na=
ked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection]                         =
         a   17    (cf. taxfu, bandu)
 mrilu     mri      mail                                      x1 mails/post=
s [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/s=
ystem x5 4i  17    [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the=
 medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of =
discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)
 panci pan          odor                 'fragrance'          x1 is an odor=
/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3    =
         5c  17    [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf=
=2E nazbi, sumne, cpina)
 panka              park                                      x1 is a park/=
land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3         =
         ap  17    (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)
 ralci rac          delicate             'fragile'            x1 is delicat=
e/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka)                               =
         7j  17    [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective=
]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)
 rozgu roz zgu      rose                                      x1 is a rose =
[flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2    =
         aj  17    [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, whi=
ch might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)
 sodva sod          soda                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2   =
         2j  17    [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea an=
d coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (c=
f. jilka, jinme)
 tikpa tip          kick                                      x1 kicks [hit=
s with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4       =
         2b  17    (cf. tunta, darxi)
 tivni tiv          television                                x1 broadcasts=
/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4  =
         a   17    [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), progra=
m/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)
 cutne cut          chest                                     x1 is a/the c=
hest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2                =
         aa  16    (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)
 darsi              audacity             'dare'               x1 shows auda=
city/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/=
ka)      a   16    [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)
 daski              pocket                                    x1 is a pocke=
t/pouch of/in garment/item x2                                              =
         3f  16    (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)
 derxi     dre      heap                                      x1 is a heap/=
pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3                       =
         3m  16    (cf. cmana)
 farvi fav          develop              'evolve'             x1 develops/e=
volves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4                           =
         8f  16    (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)
 forca     fro      fork                                      x1 is a fork/=
fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support =
x4       5c  16    (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)
 friti fit          offer                                     x1 offers/pro=
ffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4                               =
         8d  16    [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional o=
ffering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a =
commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commod=
ities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D po=
sfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa,=
 vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)
 ganzu gaz          organize                                  x1 organizes =
x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(=
s) x4    8c  16    [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function whic=
h inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ci=
ste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)
 jdima         di'a price                                     x1 [amount] i=
s the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4                =
         8d  16    [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydi'a, posyseldi'a for =
unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and i=
s closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note th=
at price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchang=
ed in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "=
value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, a=
t least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the mar=
ketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for=
 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, ru=
pnu, sfasa, vamji)
 jinru jir          immerse                                   x1 (object/pe=
rson) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2                            =
         6c  16    [take a bath/bathe (=3D jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri,=
 jinsa)
 marbi     mra      shelter              'harbor'             x1 is a shelt=
er/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3     =
         4d  16    (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)
 matne              butter                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2            =
         5b  16    [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but sp=
readable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (=3D ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, =
kruji)
 merli     mre      measure                                   x1 (agent) me=
asures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accurac=
y x5     al  16    (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bu=
nda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, =
gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti=
, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 minji         mi'i machine                                   x1 is a machi=
ne for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function contr=
ol]      7g  16    [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/trigge=
red by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; =
if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (=3D zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, t=
utci, zukte, pilno, skami)
 mokca moc          point                'moment'             x1 is a point=
/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2          =
         9b  16    [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, =
tcika)
 pante pat          protest                                   x1 protests/o=
bjects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4   =
         9c  16    (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)
 plini              planet                                    x1 is a plane=
t revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters=
 x4      am  16    (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)
 ralte         ra'e retain                                    x1 retains/ke=
eps/holds x2 in its possession                                             =
         2b  16    (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)
 runta              dissolve                                  x1 dissolves =
in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4         =
         a   16    [suspension (=3D pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, m=
ixre, sligu, sudga)
 sfani              fly                                       x1 is a fly [=
a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2                    =
         6c  16    (cf. cinki, bifce)
 xalni              panic                                     x1 (person) i=
s panicked by crisis x2 (event/state)                                      =
         a   16    (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)
 xanto              elephant                                  x1 is an elep=
hant of species/breed x2                                                   =
         ai  16    (cf. mabru, barda)
 xriso xis     xi'o Christian                                 x1 pertains t=
o the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2                  =
         ac  16    (cf. jegvo, lijda)
 boxna bon     bo'a wave                                      x1 is a wave =
[periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5=
         9b  15    (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)
 ci    cib          3                                         digit/number:=
 3 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a  15
 citsi              season                                    x1 is a seaso=
n/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year=
(s) x3   3e  15    [also anniversary (=3D citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee=
 (=3D mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by=
 x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default=
 every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pa=
vdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu,=
 dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)
 dirgo dig          drop                                      x1 is a drop =
[small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding materi=
al x3    4h  15    (cf. daplu, bidju)
 fetsi fet     fe'i female               'fem-'               x1 is a femal=
e/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine   =
         4b  15    (cf. nakni)
 jinsa jis          clean                                     x1 (object) i=
s clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3                =
         5g  15    (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)
 linji lij     li'i line                                      x1 is a line/=
among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2         =
         9b  15    [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jg=
anu, kantu, mokca)
 palku pak          pants                                     x1 are pants/=
trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2                   =
         3f  15    (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)
 palta              plate                'platter'            x1 is a plate=
/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of materia=
l x2     5c  15    (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)
 sakli sal          slide                'slip'               x1 slides/sli=
ps/glides on x2                                                            =
         a   15    [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (=3D selsakli for reorde=
red places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)
 sirji sir          straight                                  x1 is straigh=
t/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:)  x1 is linea=
r        6f  15    (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)
 stani              stalk                                     x1 is a/the s=
talk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support]  =
         aj  15    (cf. tuple, mudri)
 tanbo         ta'o board                                     x1 is a board=
/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2                  =
         ao  15    (cf. bliku, kubli)
 tinbe tib          obey                                      x1 obeys/foll=
ows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient            =
         a   15    (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)
 xarci xac     xa'i weapon               'arms'               x1 is a weapo=
n/arms for use against x2 by x3                                            =
         a   15    [gun/cannon (=3D celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)
 ca'a  caz          actually is                               modal aspect:=
 actuality/ongoing event                                                   =
         at  14    (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)
 catke         ca'e shove                                     x1 [agent] sh=
oves/pushes x2 at locus x3                                                 =
         8h  14    [move by pushing/shoving (=3D ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre =
for non-agentive force, lacpu)
 cikre              repair               'fix'                x1 repairs/me=
nds/fixes x2 for use x3                                                    =
         8c  14    [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the poss=
ible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)
 co'u          co'u cessative                                 interval even=
t contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative      |  >=
< |      -   14    [ending (=3D co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)
 dacru dac          drawer                                    x1 is a drawe=
r/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3  =
         ao  14    (cf. nilce, tanxe)
 dirce         di'e radiate                                   x1 radiates/e=
mits x2 under conditions x3                                                =
         7j  14    (cf. gusni)
 dzena     dze      elder                                     x1 is an elde=
r/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's paren=
ts       4b  14    (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)
 jenmi jem     jei  army                                      x1 (mass) is =
an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)        =
         a   14    (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)
 junla jul          clock                                     x1 is clock/w=
atch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/me=
thod x4  3e  14    [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
 jursa jus          severe               'harsh'              x1 (event/act=
ion/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer]                      =
         4c  14    (cf. gunta, vlile)
 korcu     kro      bent                 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) =
x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded                 =
         6f  14    (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, ge=
nxu)
 latmo         la'o Latin                                     x1 reflects L=
atin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2                    =
         ab  14    (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)
 na'e  nal          scalar contrary                           contrary scal=
ar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied             =
         7x  14
 nalci         na'i wing                                      x1 is a/the w=
ing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface]              =
         ai  14    (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)
 nazbi naz zbi      nose                 'nasal'              x1 is the nos=
e [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrus=
ion]     1c  14    [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tan=
ce)
 stura tur     su'a structure                                 x1 is a struc=
ture/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]                =
         a   14    (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, mor=
na, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)
 toldi tod          butterfly                                 x1 is a butte=
rfly/moth of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai  14    (cf. cinki)
 vrude vud     vu'e virtue                                    x1 is virtuou=
s/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2               =
         2i  14    [holy/saintly (=3D cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde,=
 zabna)
 bargu bag          arch                                      x1 arches/cur=
ves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of mater=
ial x3   9b  13    [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point =
or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)
 birje              beer                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2                      =
         2j  13    (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)
 blaci              glass                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2               =
         6b  13    (cf. kabri)
 cerda ced          heir                                      x1 is an heir=
 to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4         =
         a   13    [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-ra=
ising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - th=
e ownership of the object (=3D posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous sema=
ntics)]; (cf. jgina)
 creka cek          shirt                                     x1 is a shirt=
/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], mat=
erial x2 3f  13    (cf. taxfu)
 curnu cur          worm                                      x1 is a worm/=
invertebrate animal of species/breed x2                                    =
         ai  13    [also mollusk, snail (=3D cakcurnu), shellfish (=3D xask=
emcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because a=
lmost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, sil=
ka)
 fanta              prevent                                   x1 prevents/k=
eeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring                    =
         8g  13    (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)
 jalra              cockroach                                 x1 is a cockr=
oach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2                       =
         ai  13    [also grasshopper (=3D pipyjalra);  cricket (=3D sanjalr=
a); locust, termite (=3D mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches a=
re an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes gr=
asshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, m=
ore akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)
 marce         ma'e vehicle                                   x1 is a vehic=
le/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4  =
         7f  13    (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, sk=
iji)
 matci              mat                                       x1 is a mat/p=
ad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2                 =
         a   13    [also mattress =3D (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, kard=
a, ckana)
 panra              parallel                                  x1 parallels =
x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry =
x4       9b  13    [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference b=
etween x1 and x2 (=3D terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/s=
imilar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspond=
ence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving =
multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differen=
ces]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)
 plana              plump                                     x1 is plump/f=
at/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2                =
         6f  13    (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)
 ranmi ram          myth                                      x1 is a myth/=
legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 =
         ac  13    [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for =
non-humanoid creatures (=3D ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dr=
agon; fairy tale (=3D veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)
 ropno ron     ro'o European                                  x1 reflects E=
uropean culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 =
         ab  13    (cf. brito)
 skaci              skirt                                     x1 is a skirt=
/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not =
legged]  3f  13    [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must =
hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku)
 so'i  sor     so'i many                                      digit/number:=
 many                                                                      =
         3a  13
 spofu pof     po'u broken                                    x1 is broken/=
inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2                =
         4c  13    [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (=3D pofygau=
, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (=3D=
 pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)
 stati              talent                                    x1 has a tale=
nt/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2                                =
         a   13    (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)
 sunga sug          garlic                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2                                  =
         aj  13    (cf. stagi)
 tutci     tci      tool                                      x1 is a tool/=
utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines f=
unction] 7g  13    (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool ty=
pes: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuc=
i, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno=
, vraga)
 bancu bac          beyond                                    x1 exceeds/is=
 beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni)            =
         7j  12    [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily direc=
tly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not l=
imited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)
 cange cag          farm                 'grange, agrarian'   x1 is a farm/=
ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agraria=
n        ap  12    [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity=
, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)
 canja caj          exchange                                  x1 exchanges/=
trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/bus=
inessman 8d  12    [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better =
expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commod=
ity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for o=
bjects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/comm=
odity (=3D posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, =
zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/v=
alue distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)
 ctebi teb          lip                  'labial'             x1 is a/the l=
ip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial     =
         aa  12    (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)
 dotco dot     do'o German               'Deutsch'            x1 reflects G=
erman/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab  12    (cf. ropno)
 fatne fat     fa'e reverse                                   x1 [sequence]=
 is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (o=
bject)   3j  12    [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)
 jbari     jba      berry                                     x1 is a berry=
 (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2                                         =
         5b  12    (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)
 jukni juk          spider               'arachnid'           x1 is a spide=
r/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed =
x2       ai  12    (cf. cinki, danlu)
 kacma              camera                                    x1 is a camer=
a/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3=
         6c  12    (cf. lenjo)
 lazni              lazy                                      x1 (person) i=
s lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2                           =
         a   12    (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)
 matli              linen                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material]            =
         ah  12    (cf. bukpu)
 mucti mut          immaterial                                x1 is immater=
ial/not physical/without material form                                     =
         6b  12    (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)
 murta mur     mu'a curtain                                   x1 is a curta=
in/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x=
3        5g  12    (cf. canko, vorme)
 pilka pil     pi'a crust                'peel'               x1 is a crust=
/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2                                     =
         9f  12    (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includ=
es skapi), gacri)
 pinta pin          level                'horizontal'         x1 is flat/le=
vel/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2                            =
         9b  12    (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)
 sanga sag     sa'a sing                                      x1 sings/chan=
ts x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3                     =
         5g  12    [melody (=3D sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (=3D saxsagzgi)=
, harmonize/sing harmony (=3D saxsa'a), song (=3D selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, ri=
mni, rilti, siclu)
 sanso              sauce                                     x1 is a sauce=
/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including=
 x3      5b  12    [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1];=
 (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)
 slilu     sli      oscillate                                 x1 oscillates=
 at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specifica=
tion)    ar  12    [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to =
side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; =
(cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)
 sluni              onion                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2                       =
         5b  12    (cf. stagi)
 so'o  sos          several                                   digit/number:=
 several                                                                   =
         7e  12
 xindo xin          Hindi                                     x1 reflects H=
indi language/culture/religion in aspect x2                                =
         ab  12    [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationali=
ty may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)
 bakni bak          bovine               'ox'                 x1 is a cow/c=
attle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 =
         ai  11    (cf. danlu)
 cafne caf          often                                     x1 (event) of=
ten/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2           =
         6f  11    (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo lis=
t piso'iroi and similar compounds)
 cmaci              mathematics                               x1 is a mathe=
matics of type/describing x2                                               =
         7e  11    (cf. mekso)
 gadri gad          article                                   x1 is an arti=
cle/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantic=
s x4     2a  11    [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descrip=
tor; description ((x1 with x2) =3D gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become=
 the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'det=
erminer' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether=
 a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (=
especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta=
, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introdu=
ce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE=
, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typica=
lly refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. =
valsi, cmavo)
 gluta     glu      glove                                     x1 is a mitte=
n/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2                        =
         ao  11    [mitten (=3D degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)
 gunro gur     gu'o roll                 'trundle'            x1 rolls/trun=
dles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller        =
         as  11    (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)
 jdika              decrease                                  x1 (experienc=
er) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by am=
ount x3  a   11    (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)
 jelca jel          burn                                      x1 burns/[ign=
ites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3          =
         a   11    [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (=
=3D jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually =3D jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf.=
 fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)
 kamni              committee                                 x1 (mass) is =
a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3                                =
         8d  11    [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (=3D trukamni, grit=
rukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)
 larcu lar          art                                       x1 (process) =
is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity)         =
         8c  11    [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)
 litki lik          liquid                                    x1 is liquid/=
fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3           =
         6b  11    [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilm=
o, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)
 mabru mab          mammal                                    x1 is a mamma=
l/'animal'/beast of species x2                                             =
         6c  11    (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)
 manfo              uniform                                   x1 (object/ev=
ent) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka)                            =
         7j  11    (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, tr=
aji)
 muslo mus          Islamic                                   x1 pertains t=
o the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2=
         ac  11    [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)
 penbi peb          pen                                       x1 is a pen u=
sing ink x2 applied by process x3                                          =
         1f  11    (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)
 pikci              beg                  'supplicate'         x1 begs/plead=
s/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for=
 x3      9c  11    [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor,=
 patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to=
 manner, pindi)
 salta              salad                                     x1 (mass) is =
a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2        =
         5b  11    [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. =
mixre, stasu)
 slaka              syllable                                  x1 is a sylla=
ble in language x2                                                         =
         1h  11    (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)
 snidu nid          second                                    x1 is x2 seco=
nds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3                       =
         3e  11    (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, fe=
mti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, =
terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 snuji nuj          sandwich                                  x1 is a sandw=
ich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3          =
         5b  11    (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)
 sraji raj          vertical             'upright'            x1 is vertica=
l/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/grav=
ity x2   9b  11    (cf. sanli, pinta)
 trati              taut                                      x1 is taut/te=
nse/strained tight in direction x2                                         =
         a   11    (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)
 brodi              predicate var 3                           3rd assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad  10
 caxno cax          shallow                                   x1 is shallow=
 in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standar=
d x4     6c  10    (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)
 ce    cec          in a set with                             non-logical c=
onnective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set              =
         at  10    (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)
 cnano         na'o norm                                      x1 [value] is=
 a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard=
 x4      7e  10    [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete se=
t)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)
 crepu rep          harvest              'reap'               x1 (agent) ha=
rvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3           =
         as  10    (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)
 frumu     fru      frown                                     x1 frowns/gri=
maces (facial expression)                                                  =
         4d  10    [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (=3D frufra)]; =
(cf. cmila, cisma)
 fukpi fuk     fu'i copy                                      x1 is a copy/=
replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)  =
         8b  10    (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva)
 grasu ras          grease                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2                   =
         6b  10    (cf. ctile, matne, plana)
 jecta jec     je'a polity               'state'              x1 is a polit=
y/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] =
         ab  10    [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra,=
 turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)
 jinzi jiz          innate                                    x1 (property =
- ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2=
         7j  10    (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)
 jungo jug          Chinese                                   x1 reflects C=
hinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspe=
ct x2    ab  10    (cf. xazdo)
 maxri     xri      wheat                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2                                  =
         aj  10    (cf. gurni)
 moi   mom     moi  ordinal selbri                            convert numbe=
r to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3       =
         7e  10    (x2 is a completely specified set)
 platu     pla      plan                 'plot'               x1 (agent) pl=
ans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3=
         8c  10    [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structur=
e or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)
 plise              apple                                     x1 is an appl=
e [fruit] of species/strain x2                                             =
         5b  10    (cf. grute)
 tamji taj          thumb                                     x1 is a/the t=
humb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shap=
e]       1c  10    [thumb (specifically the hand =3D xantamji), big toe (=
=3D jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)
 tarbi              embryo                                    x1 is an embr=
yo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3               =
         a   10    (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)
 ve    vel          4th conversion                            4th conversio=
n; switch 1st/4th places                                                   =
         2a  10
 bandu bad          defend                                    x1 (event) de=
fends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)    =
         8g   9    [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective co=
ver/shield (=3D badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, sn=
ura, binra, lunbe, pulji)
 betfu bef     be'u abdomen              'belly'              x1 is a/the a=
bdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection]         =
         1c   9    [also stomach (=3D djaruntyrango), digestive tract (=3D =
befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)
 cedra              era                                       x1 is an era/=
epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)               =
         a    9    (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merel=
y a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed i=
n an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may als=
o be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a)=
; (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)
 cnebo neb     ne'o neck                                      x1 is a/the n=
eck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point]               =
         1c   9    (cf. galxe, cutne)
 damri              drum                                      x1 is a drum/=
cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2        =
         ak   9    (cf. rilti, zgike)
 dimna dim          fate                 'doom'               x1 is a fate/=
destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doome=
d to x1  a    9    [fated/destined/doomed (=3D seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)
 febvi feb          boil                                      x1 boils/evap=
orates at temperature x2 and pressure x3                                   =
         a    9    [roil (=3D febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)
 jarbu              suburb                                    x1 is a subur=
ban area of city/metropolis x2                                             =
         a    9    (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)
 jicla              stir                                      x1 (object, o=
r event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2         =
         as   9    [convection (=3D nenflejicla); agentive stirring (=3D ji=
clygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)
 jirna              horn                                      x1 is a/the h=
orn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity]                       =
         ai   9    (cf. jgalu, bongu)
 kantu         ka'u quantum                                   x1 is a quant=
um/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activi=
ty x2    7j   9    [quantum ray (=3D bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and m=
ost objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)
 kicne kic     ki'e cushion                                   x1 cushions x=
2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material=
 x3      an   9    (cf. ckana, matci)
 krati         ka'i represent            'proxy'              x1 represents=
/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3   =
         8c   9    [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni=
, vipsi, pulji)
 prosa ros     ro'a prose                                     x1 is prose a=
bout plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4           =
         8b   9    [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or m=
eter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cuk=
ta, pemci, finti)
 rimni rim          rhyme                                     x1 rhymes/all=
iterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4=
 (ka)    8b   9    [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound corresponde=
nce]; (cf. pemci, sanga)
 rismi ris          rice                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2                        =
         5b   9    (cf. gurni)
 rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick                'stout'              x1 is thick i=
n dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimen=
sion]    6f   9    [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, pl=
ana, gutci, minli)
 senta set          layer                'stratum'            x1 is a layer=
/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite=
 x3      9b   9    (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sr=
uri, serti)
 sfofa     sfo      sofa                                      x1 is a sofa/=
couch (noun)                                                               =
         an   9    (cf. nilce)
 slasi las          plastic                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2    =
         6b   9    (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)
 stodi     sto      constant             'stable'             x1 is constan=
t/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditio=
ns x3    7e   9    [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cen=
ba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)
 su'o  suz     su'o at least                                  digit/number:=
 at least (some); no less than                                             =
         3a   9    (cf. cmalu, mleca)
 sumji suj          sum                                       x1 is a mathe=
matical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3                        =
         7e   9    (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)
 va    vaz          there at                                  location tens=
e distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ...   =
         4a   9
 xruki xuk          turkey                                    x1 is a turke=
y [food/bird] of species/breed x2                                          =
         ai   9    (cf. cipni)
 bliku     bli      block                                     x1 is a block=
 [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3              =
         9b   8    [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shap=
e; also polyhedron (=3D pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regula=
r polyhedron (=3D kubybli, blikubli), brick (=3D kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubl=
i, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)
 bradi              enemy                'adversary'          x1 is an enem=
y/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3                              =
         2i   8    (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, ji=
vna, jinga)
 cakla              chocolate                                 x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa                                 =
         2j   8    (cf. ckafi)
 canre can          sand                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition includin=
g x3     ah   8    [also abrasive (=3D gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi=
, boxna)
 cartu cat          chart                                     x1 is a chart=
/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3                  =
         5d   8    (cf. platu)
 catni         ca'i authority                                 x1 has author=
ity/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 =
         8c   8    (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)
 cigla cig          gland                                     x1 is a/the g=
land [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1         =
         aa   8    [secretion (=3D selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)
 cilta cil          thread               'filament'           x1 is a threa=
d/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2                                =
         9b   8    (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)
 clika              mossy                                     x1 is a moss/=
lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy        =
         aj   8    (cf. mledi)
 djine jin          ring                                      x1 is a ring/=
annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside =
diam. x4 9b   8    [also ellipse, oval (=3D jincla); (usage has been for ne=
ar-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, =
belt, encircle (=3D jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri=
, konju)
 galxe              throat               'gullet'             x1 is a/the t=
hroat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep ho=
le]      aa   8    (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)
 gubni gub          public                                    x1 is public/=
un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) =
         8c   8    (cf. sivni)
 jerna              earn                                      x1 (agent/per=
son) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activ=
ity)     8c   8    [also x2 earnings, reward (=3D zanseljerna or nemjerna),=
 punishment/comeuppance (=3D sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (=
=3D terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, o=
r a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising =
=66rom ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posyjerna, posyseljerna for u=
nambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jing=
a, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)
 kurki              bitter               'acrid'              x1 is bitter/=
acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2                            =
         6f   8    (cf. titla, slari)
 lastu              brass                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition includi=
ng x2    ah   8    [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)
 misno mis     mi'o famous                                    x1 (person/ob=
ject/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2=
 (mass)  7j   8    [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) noto=
rious/infamous (=3D malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the refere=
nced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)
 mledi led          mold                                      x1 is a mold/=
fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3     =
         aj   8    (cf. clika)
 murse              glimmering                                x1 is the [as=
tronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location =
x3       3e   8    [morning twilight, dawn (=3D cermurse); evening twilight=
, dusk (=3D vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)
 muzga muz          museum                                    x1 is a museu=
m for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3               =
         ap   8    (cf. citri)
 nupre nup     nu'e promise                                   x1 (agent) pr=
omises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim=
]        9c   8    (cf. kajde, xusra)
 palne              tray                 'pan, platter'       x1 is a tray/=
platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of mate=
rial x3  5c   8    [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support=
 on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and i=
s generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)
 pipno         pi'o piano                                     x1 is a piano=
/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument              =
         ak   8    (cf. zgike)
 selci     sle      cell                                      x1 is a cell/=
atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2   =
         4b   8    (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for propertie=
s, activities; ratni, gradu)
 sputu put     pu'u spit                                      x1 spits/expe=
ctorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4                      =
         aa   8    [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (=3D molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetc=
e, kafke, vamtu)
 stagi              vegetable            'stalky'             x1 is the edi=
ble x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable                              =
         5b   8    [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generall=
y this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, =
or for non-fruit vegetables (=3D nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, s=
luni, spati, sunga, tamca)
 taske              thirst                                    x1 thirsts fo=
r x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2                            =
         2j   8    (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)
 zumri     zmu      maize                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2                             =
         aj   8    (cf. gurni)
 bavmi              barley                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   7    (cf. gurni)
 canpa     cna      shovel                                    x1 is a shove=
l/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2                          =
         ao   7    (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)
 cinla              thin                 'lean'               x1 is thin in=
 direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimen=
sion]    6f   7    (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)
 cinta              paint                                     x1 [material]=
 is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3                =
         a    7    (cf. pixra, skari)
 ctaru              tide                                      x1 is a tide =
[cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3                           =
         a    7    (cf. xamsi)
 danti dan          projectile                                x1 is a balli=
stic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launche=
r] x2    ao   7    [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. =
cecla, renro, jakne)
 fulta ful flu      float                                     x1 (passive) =
floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant                          =
         7f   7    (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)
 gapci gac          gas                                       x1 is gaseous=
/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x=
3        6b   7    [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacr=
i, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)
 kanba              goat                 'kid, billy, baa'    x1 is a goat/=
angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2                                =
         ai   7    (cf. lanme, sunla)
 ketco ket tco      South American       'Quechua'            x1 reflects S=
outh American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                   =
         ab   7    (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)
 kluza luz          loose                'blouse'             x1 (obj.) is =
loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3                           =
         3f   7    (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)
 marxa max          mash                                      x1 [force] ma=
shes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3    =
         a    7    (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)
 patlu              potato                                    x1 is a potat=
o [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2                                 =
         5b   7    (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reprod=
uce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)
 prina     pri      print                                     x1 is a print=
/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/ob=
ject x3  a    7    (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)
 sakta sat          sugar                'sucrose'            x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of compositi=
on x3    5b   7    [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, et=
c.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakt=
a); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]=
; (cf. silna, titla)
 slanu              cylinder                                  x1 is a cylin=
der [shape/form] of material x2                                            =
         9b   7    (cf. kamju, gunro)
 sliri              sulfur                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volc=
anic]    ag   7    (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)
 smoka     smo      sock                                      x1 is a sock/=
stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2              =
         3f   7    (cf. cutci, taxfu)
 smuci muc          spoon                                     x1 is a spoon=
/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3                              =
         5c   7    (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)
 sombo som     so'o sow                                       x1 sows/plant=
s x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3                                                =
         a    7    (cf. crepu, tsiju)
 spali              polish                                    x1 (agent) po=
lishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4             =
         a    7    (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)
 sruma         ru'a assume                                    x1 assumes/su=
pposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]             =
         3l   7    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. smadi, birti)
 tanjo              tangent                                   x1 is the tri=
gonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2                                  =
         ar   7    (cf. sinso)
 tirse tir          iron                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishin=
g]       ag   7    [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, ga=
sta, molki)
 tunta tun          poke                 'stab'               x1 (object, u=
sually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer)                    =
         a    7    [agentive (=3D tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, dar=
xi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)
 viknu vik          viscous              'thick'              x1 is thick/v=
iscous under conditions x2                                                 =
         6f   7    (cf. denmi, snipa)
 vipsi vip          deputy               'vice'               x1 is a deput=
y/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to princip=
al x3    a    7    [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)
 vlina              alternation                               x1 is a logic=
al alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are =
true     7a   7    (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)
 xebro xeb bro      Hebrew                                    x1 reflects H=
ebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2             =
         ab   7    (cf. filso)
 xislu xil     xi'u wheel                                     x1 is a wheel=
 [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3       =
         a    7    (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)
 zasni zas          temporary            'transient'          x1 is tempora=
ry/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expecta=
nt x3    7j   7    [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo=
, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)
 zirpu zir     zi'u purple                                    x1 is purple/=
violet [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a   7    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xu=
nre)
 banfi              amphibian                                 x1 is an amph=
ibian of species/breed x2                                                  =
         ai   6    (cf. danlu, respa)
 bemro bem     be'o North American                            x1 reflects N=
orth American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                   =
         ab   6    (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)
 bongu bog     bo'u bone                                      x1 is a/the b=
one/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: cal=
cium]    aa   6    [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for =
some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former ca=
n be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (=3D ranbo'u), s=
keleton (=3D bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)
 cinza              tongs                                     x1 is a/are t=
ong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch =
x3       ao   6    (cf. tutci)
 dikni dik          regular              'cyclical'           x1 is regular=
/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3    =
         9b   6    [also uniform; resonant (=3D dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, ri=
lti, xutla, manfo, boxna)
 flalu     fla      law                                       x1 is a law s=
pecifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver=
(s) x5   8d   6    [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legalit=
y (=3D selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinb=
e)
 fliba     fli      fail                 'baffle'             x1 fails at d=
oing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2                   =
         8g   6    [baffled (=3D pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among o=
ther senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to fai=
lure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, den=
pa, bebna, zunti)
 jbera jer          borrow                                    x1 (agent) bo=
rrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 =
         3m   6    [credit (=3D jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quali=
ty as a chameleon does (=3D zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, j=
anta, zivle)
 jgira     jgi      pride                                     x1 (person) f=
eels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction)                                   =
         9d   6    [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/es=
teem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specifi=
c tie to emoter; self-pride (=3D se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride =
in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, s=
inma, snada)
 jinme jim          metal                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2       =
         ah   6    [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu,=
 margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodv=
a)
 jisra              juice                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2             =
         2j   6    [water-based extract from a (generally) biological sourc=
e] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)
 kunra kun          mineral              'mined'              x1 is/contain=
s/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine=
 x3      6c   6    (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)
 le'e  lem          the stereotypical                         non-veridical=
 descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ...                      =
         at   6
 marde mad          morals                                    x1 are the et=
hics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situa=
tion x3  a    6    [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of =
behavior; also principles; also conscience (=3D sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vru=
de, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)
 minli              mile                                      x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 =
         al   6    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...);=
 (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci,=
 minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
 mosra mos          friction             'rub'                x1 is frictio=
n [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2=
 rubs x3 a    6    [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (=3D seltermo=
sra); non-agentive rub (=3D termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, gu=
ska, pencu, spali)
 natfe naf     na'e deny                                      x1 (du'u) con=
tradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3             =
         7a   6    [also exception (=3D nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny=
 (=3D nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)
 nejni nen          energy                                    x1 is energy =
of type x2 in form x3                                                      =
         a    6    [ray/beam (=3D nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazn=
i, livla)
 nikle nik          nickel                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation       =
         5e   6    (cf. jinme)
 panlo         pa'o slice                                     x1 is a slice=
 [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass)                                          =
         5c   6    (cf. nanba)
 papri              page                 'paper'              x1 is a [phys=
ical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2                    =
         1h   6    [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (=
=3D paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (=3D papryseltcidu, paprytcid=
ylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)
 perli per          pear                                      x1 is a pear =
[fruit] of species/strain x2                                               =
         aj   6    (cf. grute)
 pinfu pif          prisoner             'captive'            x1 is a priso=
ner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3              =
         8e   6    (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)
 preja pej     pe'a spread                                    x1 spreads/ex=
pands over/into x2 from initial state x3                                   =
         7j   6    (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)
 rigni rig          disgusting           'repugnant'          x1 is repugna=
nt to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3                             =
         a    6    (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)
 sarlu              spiral                                    x1 is a spira=
l/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3   =
         9b   6    (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)
 slari sar          sour                                      x1 is sour/ta=
rt to observer x2                                                          =
         6f   6    (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)
 softo sof          Soviet                                    x1 reflects R=
ussian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2   =
         ab   6    (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)
 sralo              Australian                                x1 reflects A=
ustralian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2               =
         ab   6    (cf. glico)
 vitci vit          irregular            'intermittent'       x1 is irregul=
ar/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2                    =
         9b   6    (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)
 vrusi vus     vu'i taste                'flavor'             x1 (ka) is a =
taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1                        =
         6m   6    [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavo=
r of x2 (=3D tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, s=
ince the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cp=
ina)
 xecto xet cto      100                  metric 'hecto'       x1 is a hundr=
ed [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   6    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 zbani              bay                                       x1 is a bay i=
n/of coast/shoreline x2                                                    =
         6c   6    (cf. lalxu, xamsi)
 brodo              predicate var 4                           4th assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad   5
 brodu              predicate var 5                           5th assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad   5
 bumru bum          fog                                       x1 is foggy/m=
isty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2                              =
         4h   5    (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)
 cabra         ca'a apparatus                                 x1 is apparat=
us/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 =
(agent)  7g   5    [form determined by/from function; does not imply automa=
ted/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a=
 zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the fun=
ctions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, g=
anzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)
 canti              gut                  'entrails'           x1 is a/the g=
ut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x=
2        aa   5    [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)
 cinfo              lion                                      x1 is a lion/=
[lioness] of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai   5    (cf. mlatu)
 cinje cij          wrinkle                                   x1 is a wrink=
le/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2                                          =
         9b   5    (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)
 ckeji kej cke      ashamed                                   x1 feels asha=
med/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3  =
         9d   5    (cf. cinmo)
 crida rid          fairy                                     x1 is a fairy=
/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religi=
on x2    ac   5    [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is =
presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especiall=
y for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)
 cumla cul          humble               'humility'           x1 is humble/=
modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2               =
         9c   5    (cf. cinmo, jgira)
 danre         da'e pressure                                  x1 (force) pu=
ts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2                                 =
         a    5    [agentive press/depress (=3D da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf.=
 catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)
 dejni dej          owe                  'debt-or'            x1 owes x2 in=
 debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a d=
ebtor    8d   5    (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)
 dzipo zip     zi'o Antarctican                               x1 reflects A=
ntarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                      =
         ab   5    (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)
 fo'a          fo'a it-6                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   5
 glare     gla      hot                  'warm'               x1 is hot/[wa=
rm] by standard x2                                                         =
         2g   5    [warm (=3D mligla), feverish (=3D bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)
 gunse              goose                                     x1 is a goose=
/[gander] of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai   5    (cf. cipni)
 jilra              jealous                                   x1 (person) i=
s jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka)               =
         9d   5    (cf. cinmo)
 jinci              shears                                    x1 is a pair =
of shears/scissors for cutting x2                                          =
         6f   5    (cf. katna)
 jipno jip     ji'o tip                  'point'              x1 is a tip/p=
oint/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3=
         9b   5    (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)
 kafke              cough                                     x1 coughs/far=
ts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3                 =
         4c   5    (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)
 kanxe kax          conjunction                               x1 is a conju=
nction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true                 =
         7a   5    (cf. vlina)
 karda              card                                      x1 is a card =
[small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3           =
         9b   5    (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)
 krili              crystal                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3=
         ah   5    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)
 kruvi ruv kru      curve                                     x1 is a curve=
/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4  =
         5d   5    [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is su=
fficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf=
=2E korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)
 kuspe kup     ku'e range                'span'               x1 ranges/ext=
ends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/rang=
e x2     9b   5    [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu=
, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)
 lante              can                                       x1 is a can/t=
ightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3  =
         5c   5    (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)
 lanxe lax          balance                                   x1 is in bala=
nce/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass)                                     =
         7j   5    (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, =
nutli)
 pilji         pi'i multiply             'multiply'           x1 is the pro=
duct/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 =
         7e   5    (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)
 polje     plo      fold                                      x1 (force) fo=
lds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3                  =
         a    5    [for agentive folding (=3D plogau, plozu'e); use cardina=
l-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cin=
je, boxfo, boxna)
 ranxi rax          irony                                     x1 is ironic(=
al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3                 =
         a    5    (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)
 rorci ror          procreate                                 x1 engenders/=
procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3                                      =
         4b   5    (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi,=
 bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)
 ruble rub ble      weak                 'feeble'             x1 is weak/fe=
eble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3               =
         7g   5    (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)
 sfasa     sfa      punish               'spank, castigate'   x1 (agent) pu=
nishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/=
state)   a    5    [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct =
(one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dund=
a, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)
 sfubu sub     su'u dive                 'swoop'              x1 dives/swoo=
ps [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3                            =
         a    5    (cf. farlu, farlu)
 sluji     slu      muscle                                    x1 is a/the m=
uscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical =
power]   aa   5    [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; =
(cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)
 snipa nip          sticky                                    x1 adheres/st=
icks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive                       =
         a    5    [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 =
need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)
 sucta suc          abstract                                  x1 (si'o) is =
abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3  =
         9e   5    (cf. fatci, xanri)
 sufti     sfu      hoof                                      x1 is a/the h=
oof [body-part] of x2                                                      =
         ai   5    (cf. xirma)
 tabno tab          carbon                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organi=
c        ag   5    (cf. kolme)
 tinsa              stiff                                     x1 is stiff/r=
igid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions=
 x4      6f   5    [also sometimes: firm, hard;  not limited to physical fo=
rces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu,=
 danre, stodi)
 tunba tub          sibling                                   x1 is a sibli=
ng of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3                                 =
         4b   5    (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)
 vindu vid          poison               'venom'              x1 is poisono=
us/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2                                            =
         a    5    (cf. since)
 vitno         vi'o permanent            'eternal'            x1 is permane=
nt/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectan=
t one]   7j   5    [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, sta=
li)
 vreji rej     vei  record                                    x1 is a recor=
d of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4   =
         8c   5    (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)
 xutla xul          smooth                                    x1 is smooth/=
even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity                                    =
         6f   5    (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)
 zbabu bab          soap                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 =
         ah   5    (cf. lumci, fonmo)
 zbepi     zbe      pedestal             'base'               x1 is a pedes=
tal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties=
 x3      a    5    [pallet (=3D lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple,=
 ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)
 batke              button                                    x1 is a butto=
n/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4       =
         a    4    (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)
 burna              embarrassed                               x1 is embarra=
ssed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstract=
ion)     9d   4    (cf. cinmo)
 cando cad          idle                                      x1 is idle/at=
 rest/inactive                                                             =
         8c   4    ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is nega=
tion of this]; (cf. surla)
 carce              cart                                      x1 is a cart/=
carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3          =
         ao   4    (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)
 cecla cel     ce'a launcher                                  x1 launches/f=
ires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] =
         a    4    [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/cast=
s (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)];=
 (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)
 critu              autumn                                    x1 is autumn/=
fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3                    =
         3e   4    (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)
 ctile              petroleum            'oil'                x1 is a quant=
ity of petroleum/oil from source x2                                        =
         a    4    (cf. grasu)
 cunmi              millet                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   4    (cf. gurni)
 dikca dic          electric             'charge'             x1 is electri=
city [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. ne=
gative)  7g   4    [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarit=
y using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly)=
 negative (=3D dutydikca), positive (=3D mardikca); current (=3D (sel)muvdi=
kca; again default negative/electron current), charge (=3D klodikca, stadik=
ca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)
 fenso fen     fe'o sew                                       x1 sews/stitc=
hes/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filamen=
t x4     a    4    (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cil=
ta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)
 ganxo gax          anus                 'asshole/arsehole'   x1 is a/the a=
nus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste=
 exit]   aa   4    [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (c=
f. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)
 genja gej          root                                      x1 is a root =
[body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishin=
g]       aj   4    (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)
 gento get     ge'o Argentinian                               x1 reflects A=
rgentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                =
         ab   4    (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)
 janta jat          account                                   x1 is an acco=
unt/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4                 =
         5g   4    (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)
 jikru              liquor                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2                =
         2j   4    (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)
 kajna              shelf                'counter'            x1 is a shelf=
/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3        =
         a    4    (cf. balni)
 kalci              feces                'shit'               x1 is a/the f=
eces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (m=
atter)   aa   4    [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)
 karbi kab          compare                                   x1 [observer]=
 compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)=
         7e   4    (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)
 kliti kit          clay                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition includi=
ng x2    ah   4    (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)
 kumte              camel                                     x1 is a camel=
/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2                         =
         ai   4    [llama (=3D tcokumte), Bactrian camel (=3D zdokumte); Ar=
abian camel/dromedary (=3D rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)
 lenjo len     le'o lens                                      x1 is a lens/=
glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/materia=
l x4     ao   4    [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or=
 otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is lig=
ht/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)
 mitre     tre      meter                                     x1 is x2 mete=
r(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standa=
rd x4    af   4    (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, go=
tro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, =
xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 navni              neon                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon]   =
         ag   4    [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)
 parbi pab          ratio                'rate'               x1 (me'o, fra=
ction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:=
x3]      7e   4    [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numer=
ator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)
 patxu pax          pot                                       x1 is a pot/k=
ettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/propertie=
s x3     ao   4    (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidde=
d)
 pesxu pex          paste                                     x1 is paste/p=
ulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of compositi=
on x2    6f   4    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)
 ponjo pon     po'o Japanese             'Nippon'             x1 reflects J=
apanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                          =
         ab   4    (cf. xazdo, daplu)
 ratni rat          atom                                      x1 is an atom=
 of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3            =
         a    4    (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; s=
elci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)
 rusko ruk     ru'o Russian                                   x1 reflects R=
ussian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                           =
         ab   4    (cf. softo, slovo)
 santa              umbrella                                  x1 is an umbr=
ella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5    =
         ao   4    (cf. carvi, solri)
 senci sec          sneeze                                    x1 sneezes (i=
ntransitive verb)                                                          =
         a    4    (cf. bilma, kafke)
 sirxo six          Syrian                                    x1 reflects S=
yrian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                     =
         ab   4    (cf. xrabo)
 skori     sko      cord                                      x1 is cord/ca=
ble/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2                   =
         9f   4    (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)
 so    soz          9                                         digit/number:=
 9 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   4
 so'u  sot          few                                       digit/number:=
 few                                                                       =
         7e   4
 sorgu sog          sorghum                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of sorghum of species/strain x2                                        =
         aj   4    (cf. gurni)
 tabra              trumpet              'brass'              x1 is a horn/=
trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument]            =
         ak   4    (cf. zgike)
 tsapi              seasoning                                 x1 is a seaso=
ning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)             =
         5b   4    [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)
 tsina sin          stage                                     x1 is a stage=
/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4      =
         5g   4    (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)
 tunka tuk          copper                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical cond=
uctor]   5e   4    (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)
 tunlo tul     tu'o swallow                                   x1 gulps/swal=
lows                                                                       =
         5c   4    [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (=3D tulpinxe, tulcti,=
 ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/=
engulf (=3D galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)
 tutra tut          territory                                 x1 is territo=
ry/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2                           =
         ab   4    (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)
 vo    von          4                                         digit/number:=
 4 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   4
 vraga     vra      lever                                     x1 is a lever=
 [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and =
arm x4   a    4    (cf. tutci, pulni)
 xa    xav          6                                         digit/number:=
 6 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   4
 xarju xaj          pig                  'hog'                x1 is a pig/h=
og/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2              =
         ai   4    [sow (=3D fetxarju), boar (=3D nakyxarju), pork (=3D xaj=
re'u), piglet (=3D citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)
 xasne              sweat                                     x1 is a/the s=
weat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3             =
         aa   4    (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)
 ze'e          ze'e whole time interval                       time tense in=
terval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval)   =
         at   4
 zivle ziv vle      invest                                    x1 (agent) in=
vests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/e=
vent)    8d   4    [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are=
 invested assets of x1; bond (=3D jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, de=
jni, ponse)
 bakfu baf          bundle               'pack'               x1 is a bundl=
e/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x=
3        9b   3    (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)
 balre         ba'e blade                                     x1 is a blade=
 of tool/weapon x2                                                         =
         a    3    (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)
 bi'i  biz          unordered interval                        non-logical i=
nterval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any int=
erval)   at   3
 ce'o          ce'o in a sequence with                        non-logical c=
onnective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence           =
         at   3    (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)
 centi cen          .01                  metric 'centi'       x1 is a hundr=
edth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)     =
         ae   3    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 clupa cup          loop                                      x1 is a loop/=
circuit of x2 [material]                                                   =
         9b   3    [also noose (=3D skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indi=
cation of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined =
by set of points (=3D cuptai)]; (cf. djine)
 cnisa nis          lead                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft met=
al]      ag   3    (cf. jinme, tinci)
 crane     cra      front                                     x1 is anterio=
r/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x=
3        1e   3    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. se=
fta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)
 cteki tek     ce'i tax                                       x1 is a tax/l=
evy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collecto=
r x4     8d   3    [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, =
turni)
 dadjo daj          Taoist                                    x1 pertains t=
o the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2                           =
         ac   3    (cf. lijda, jegvo)
 daplu     plu      island                                    x1 is an isla=
nd/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is ins=
ular     ap   3    (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)
 dilcu              quotient             'division'           x1 is a quoti=
ent of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4   =
         7e   3    (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)
 friko         fi'o African                                   x1 reflects A=
frican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                          =
         ab   3    (cf. ropno, xazdo)
 jetce         je'e jet                                       x1 is a jet [=
expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3                           =
         a    3    (cf. sputu, vamtu)
 jgalu         ja'u claw                 'talon'              x1 is a/the c=
law/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical=
 weapon] aa   3    (cf. denci, jirna, batci)
 jo'u          jo'u in common with                            non-logical c=
onnective: in common with; along with (unmixed)                            =
         -    3
 julne         ju'e net                                       x1 is a net/f=
ilter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties=
 x4      ao   3    [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)
 kensa kes          outer space                               x1 is outer s=
pace near/associated with celestial body/region x2                         =
         am   3    (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)
 kliru              chlorine                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, =
etc.]    ag   3    [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)
 kolme kol     ko'e coal                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2  =
         ah   3    (cf. tabno, tarla)
 kubli kub          cube                                      x1 is a cube/=
regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (de=
f. 6)    9b   3    (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical obj=
ect; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)
 kurfa kur          square                                    x1 is a right=
-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2)=
         9b   3    [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (=3D kubyku=
rfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (=3D kurkubli), rectangle (=3D clakurfa), rhombus/=
diamond (=3D sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, =
tarmi)
 labno              wolf                 'lobo'               x1 is a wolf/=
lupine of species/breed x2                                                 =
         ai   3    (cf. gerku)
 lanme lan          sheep                'lanolin, lamb'      x1 is a sheep=
/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3                            =
         ai   3    (cf. kanba, sunla)
 linto         li'o lightweight                               x1 is light i=
n mass/weight by standard x2                                               =
         9b   3    (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)
 mavji mav          oats                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2                                   =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)
 mraji              rye                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2                                    =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)
 mruli     mru      hammer                                    x1 [tool] is =
a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by =
x4       ao   3    (cf. tutci)
 nimre              citrus               'lime'               x1 is a quant=
ity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2                      =
         aj   3    (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)
 nukni nuk          magenta              'fuchsin'            x1 is magenta=
/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective]                                    =
         1a   3    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)
 panje              sponge                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material                          =
         ah   3    [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf.=
 cokcu for a generalized absorbant)
 pimlu pim     pi'u feather              'plume'              x1 is a/the f=
eather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2                   =
         ai   3    (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)
 porto pot          Portuguese                                x1 reflects P=
ortuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                        =
         ab   3    (cf. brazo)
 racli              sane                 'rational'           x1 (action/ac=
tivity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2                           =
         a    3    (cf. fenki)
 romge rog          chrome                                    x1 is a highl=
y reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often c=
hromium] ag   3    (cf. jinme)
 sraku rak          scratch                                   x1 [abrasive/=
cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] =
x2       a    3    (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sr=
aku does not imply material is removed), spali)
 sunla sul          wool                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/so=
urce x2  ai   3    (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)
 tapla              tile                                      x1 is a tile/=
cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4                   =
         9b   3    [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform an=
d significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the t=
he other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptua=
lly a tile; polygon (=3D taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximatel=
y-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, =
kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, k=
urfa, matci, plita, tarmi)
 tengu teg     te'u texture                                   x1 (property-=
ka) is a texture of x2                                                     =
         6f   3    (cf. rufsu, xutla)
 trene ren     re'e train                                     x1 is a train=
 [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled =
by x4    7f   3    [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'=
unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (=3D lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (=
=3D dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (=3D cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)
 vu    vuz          yonder at                                 location tens=
e distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ...        =
         4a   3    (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)
 xazdo xaz zdo      Asiatic                                   x1 reflects A=
siatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                          =
         ab   3    (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)
 xruba xub          buckwheat            'rhubarb'            x1 is a quant=
ity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2                 =
         aj   3    (cf. spati)
 badna              banana                                    x1 is a banan=
a/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2                               =
         aj   2    (cf. grute)
 bakri              chalk                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3                 =
         ah   2    (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)
 baxso              Malay-Indonesian     'Bahasa'             x1 reflects M=
alay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2                       =
         ab   2    (cf. meljo, bindo)
 budjo buj     bu'o Buddhist                                  x1 pertains t=
o the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2                         =
         ac   2    (cf. latna, lijda)
 burcu     bru      brush                                     x1 is a brush=
 for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3                                   =
         ao   2    (cf. komcu, pinsi)
 cfika fik     fi'a fiction                                   x1 is a work =
of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3    =
         8b   2    [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fat=
ci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)
 cfine              wedge                                     x1 is a wedge=
 [shape/form/tool] of material x2                                          =
         9b   2    (cf. tutci)
 cicna              cyan                                      x1 is cyan/tu=
rquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective]                                    =
         1a   2    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)
 cindu              oak                                       x1 is an oak,=
 a type of tree of species/strain x2                                       =
         aj   2    (cf. tricu)
 ckabu              rubber                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition inclu=
ding x3  ah   2    (cf. pruni)
 ckilu         ci'u scale                                     x1 (si'o) is =
a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state)            =
         al   2    (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)
 cokcu     cko      soak up                                   x1 soaks up/a=
bsorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant                     =
         as   2    (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)
 falnu fan          sail                                      x1 is a sail =
for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3                   =
         ao   2    [waterwheel (=3D jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)
 famti              aunt or uncle                             x1 is an aunt=
/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's ge=
neration 4b   2    (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)
 ganti              gonad                'testes'             x1 is a/the t=
estes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, g=
ender x3 aa   2    [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. =
plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)
 ginka gik          camp                                      x1 is a camp/=
encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3                        =
         ap   2    (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)
 gutra              womb                 'uterus'             x1 is a/the w=
omb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving bir=
th]      aa   2    (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)
 guzme guz zme      melon                                     x1 is a melon=
/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   2    (cf. grute)
 jakne              rocket                                    x1 is a rocke=
t [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3              =
         ao   2    (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)
 jaspu jap          passport                                  x1 is a passp=
ort issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity)           =
         ao   2    (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)
 jatna         ja'a captain                                   x1 is captain=
/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2                      =
         a    2    (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)
 jei   jez          truth abstract                            abstractor: t=
ruth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2   =
         7a   2    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]
 jesni jes          needle                                    x1 is a needl=
e [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2                            =
         ao   2    (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)
 jilka jil          alkali                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2         =
         6f   2    [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)
 kadno              Canadian                                  x1 reflects C=
anadian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   2    (cf. bemro, glico)
 kobli kob     ko'i cabbage              'cole-'              x1 is a quant=
ity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2                =
         aj   2    (cf. stagi)
 lanbi              protein              'albumin'            x1 is a quant=
ity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u)  =
         aj   2    (cf. ladru, sovda)
 livla lil          fuel                                      x1 is a fuel/=
energy-source for powering x2                                              =
         7f   2    (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)
 lojbo lob jbo      Lojbanic                                  x1 reflects [=
Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2    =
         1b   2    [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (=3D dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, lo=
gji)
 mapni              cotton                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material]                =
         ah   2    (cf. bukpu)
 margu mag          mercury                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temper=
ature]   ag   2    (cf. jinme)
 marna              hemp                 'marijuana'          x1 is a quant=
ity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2                            =
         aj   2    (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)
 mifra mif          code                 'cipher'             x1 is encoded=
/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 i=
s a code a    2    [code (=3D termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)
 misro              Egyptian             'Mizraim'            x1 reflects E=
gyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   2    (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)
 mluni lun          satellite            'moon'               x1 is a satel=
lite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4       =
         am   2    (cf. plini, solri, lunra)
 molro         mo'o mole                                      x1 is x2 mole=
(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3               =
         af   2    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)
 mu    mum          5                                         digit/number:=
 5 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   2
 pandi pad          punctuate                                 x1 (agent) pu=
nctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect=
 x4      1h   2    (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)
 pijne              pin                                       x1 is a pin/p=
eg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/propertie=
s x3     ao   2    (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)
 pinji              penis                                     x1 is a/the c=
litoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2             =
         aa   2    [normally context eliminates need for specificity; other=
wise: penis (=3D nakpinji), clitoris (=3D fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vi=
bna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)
 respa res          reptile                                   x1 is a repti=
le of species/breed x2                                                     =
         ai   2    (cf. danlu, banfi, since)
 rilti ril          rhythm                                    x1 (sequence/=
non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2               =
         a    2    [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damr=
i, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)
 runme rum          melt                 'runny'              x1 melts [bec=
omes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3            =
         a    2    [x1 runs (=3D rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)
 sakci sak          suck                                      x1 sucks/is s=
uction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pres=
sure x3  a    2    [also suck object/fluid (=3D sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf.=
 cokcu, lacpu, flecu)
 samcu              cassava              'yam'                x1 is a quant=
ity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/str=
ain x2   1a   2    (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)
 sarxe sax          harmonious                                x1 is harmoni=
ous/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)            =
         a    2    (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)
 si'o  siz          concept abstract                          abstractor: i=
dea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi]                      =
         -    2    (cf. sidbo)
 silka sik          silk                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2                             =
         ah   2    (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)
 sinso              sine                                      x1 is the tri=
gonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2                                        =
         ar   2    (cf. tanjo)
 so'a  soj          almost all                                digit/number:=
 almost all (digit/number)                                                 =
         7e   2
 spano san          Spanish                                   x1 reflects S=
panish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                  =
         ab   2    [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xisp=
o (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno)=
; Spain (=3D sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castill=
ian (=3D sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)
 stace sac          honest                                    x1 is honest/=
open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3     =
         9c   2    [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, ji=
tfa, mipri)
 stero         te'o steradian                                 x1 is x2 ster=
adian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3        =
         af   2    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)
 tamne              cousin                                    x1 is cousin =
to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation=
]        4b   2    [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over brun=
a)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)
 tarla              tar                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2                      =
         ah   2    (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)
 tirxu              tiger                                     x1 is a tiger=
/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3        =
         ai   2    [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphori=
cally: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)
 vidru vir          virus                                     x1 is a virus=
 of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3        =
         ai   2    (cf. jurme)
 xe    xel          5th conversion                            5th conversio=
n; switch 1st/5th places                                                   =
         2a   2
 xinmo xim          ink                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3                   =
         ao   2    (cf. penbi)
 xispo xip          Hispanic                                  x1 reflects H=
ispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2                         =
         ab   2    [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, no=
t Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)
 xrabo rab          Arabic                                    x1 reflects A=
rabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2                            =
         ab   2    (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)
 xukmi xum     xu'i chemical                                  x1 is an inst=
ance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3     =
         ah   2    (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)
 za'i  zaz          state abstract                            abstractor: s=
tate (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true      =
         -    2    (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)
 ze    zel          7                                         digit/number:=
 7 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   2
 zinki zin     zi'i zinc                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal]               =
         ag   2    (cf. jinme)
 zmiku     zmi      automatic                                 x1 is automat=
ic in function x2 under conditions x3                                      =
         7g   2    (cf. macnu)
 balji              bulb                 'bulge'              x1 is a bulb =
[body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]                =
         aj   1    (cf. punli, batke)
 barna         ba'a mark                                      x1(s) is a/ar=
e mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3                                     =
         a    1    [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, s=
e ciska, se prina)
 bende bed     be'e crew                 'band'               x1 is a crew/=
team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose=
 x4      ap   1    (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also =
orchestra (=3D zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not ne=
cessarily incorporated (=3D cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, j=
atna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)
 bengo beg          Bengali                                   x1 reflects B=
engali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                =
         ab   1    (cf. xindo)
 bindo bid          Indonesian                                x1 reflects I=
ndonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                        =
         ab   1    (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)
 brazo raz          Brazilian                                 x1 reflects B=
razilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                         =
         ab   1    (cf. porto, ketco)
 cidro     dro      hydrogen                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable]      =
         ag   1    (cf. gapci, xukmi)
 curve cuv          pure                                      x1 is pure/un=
adulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka)                         =
         7j   1    [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. pran=
e, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)
 da'a  daz          all except                                digit/number:=
 all except n; all but n; (default 1)                                      =
         7e   1
 dugri dug          logarithm                                 x1 is the log=
arithm of x2 with base x3                                                  =
         ar   1    (cf. tenfa)
 filso fis          Palestinian          'Philistine'         x1 reflects P=
alestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                =
         ab   1    (cf. jordo, xebro)
 flani              flute                                     x1 is a flute=
/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument]               =
         ak   1    (cf. zgike)
 fonmo fom     fo'o foam                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3=
         a    1    (cf. zbabu)
 frinu              fraction                                  x1 is a fract=
ion, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3)                             =
         7e   1    (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)
 fusra fur          rotten               'rot'                x1 rots/decay=
s/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented=
         a    1    (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)
 garna gar          rail                 'bar'                x1 is a rail/=
railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3               =
         9b   1    (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)
 genxu gex          hook                                      x1 is a hook/=
crook [shape/form] of material x2                                          =
         ao   1    (cf. kruvi, korcu)
 grake     gra      gram                                      x1 is x2 gram=
(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3                    =
         af   1    (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gi=
gdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, =
xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 guska guk          scrape                                    x1 blade/scra=
per/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3                              =
         as   1    [abrade, abrasive (=3D mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, b=
atci, canpa, mosra)
 gutci guc          cubit                'foot'               x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits=
         al   1    [foot (=3D jmagutci); yard (=3D cibjmagutci), pace (=3D =
tapygutci), inch (=3D degygutci), cubit (=3D birgutci)]; (additional subuni=
t places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rot=
su, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
 jalna              starch                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x=
3        ah   1    (cf. patlu, samcu)
 jduli dul jdu      jelly                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2      =
         ah   1    [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)
 jendu jed          axle                 'spindle'            x1 is an axle=
/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3             =
         ao   1    (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)
 jerxo jex          Algerian                                  x1 reflects A=
lgerian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)
 jganu     jga      angle                                     x1 is an angl=
e [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] =
x3       7e   1    [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3=
 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)
 jgena     jge      knot                                      x1 is a knot/=
tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects)                                 =
         a    1    [knot (verb =3D jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot=
: fastening between two or more cords (=3D jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne,=
 lasna, skori)
 jgina gin          gene                                      x1 is a gene =
of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3         =
         a    1    [also chromosome =3D (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)
 jgita git          guitar               'guitar'             x1 is guitar/=
violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow=
 x2      ak   1    [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)
 jijnu jij          intuit                                    x1 (person) i=
ntuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology]                          =
         7j   1    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)
 jordo jor     jo'o Jordanian                                 x1 reflects J=
ordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                  =
         ab   1    (cf. filso)
 jurme jum          germ                                      x1 is a bacte=
ria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining prope=
rty x2   ai   1    (cf. vidru)
 karli              collar                                    x1 is a colla=
r/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3                 =
         a    1    [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)
 kelvo         ke'o kelvin                                    x1 is x2 degr=
ee(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3    =
         af   1    (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, go=
tro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, =
xexso, zepti, zetro)
 kijno kij          oxygen                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustio=
n]       ag   1    (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)
 kilto         ki'o 1000                 metric 'kilo'        x1 is a thous=
and [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)        =
         ae   1    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro, minli)
 kisto kis          Pakistani                                 x1 reflects P=
akistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                  =
         ab   1    (cf. xurdo)
 komcu kom          comb                                      x1 is a comb =
[many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3                  =
         ao   1    (cf. julne, forca, burcu)
 korka kok          cork                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material]      =
         ah   1    (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)
 lakse lak          wax                                       x1 is quantit=
y of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2     =
         a    1    [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)
 latna              lotus                                     x1 is a lotus=
, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion=
 x4      aj   1    (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)
 libjo lib          Libyan                                    x1 reflects L=
ibyan culture/nationality in aspect x2                                     =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
 litce lic          liter                                     x1 is x2 lite=
r(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3                 =
         af   1    (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, fe=
mti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, =
terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 lubno         lu'o Lebanese                                  x1 reflects L=
ebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)
 macnu     cnu      manual                                    x1 (event/act=
ion/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3  =
         7g   1    (cf. zmiku, jitro)
 maksi mak          magnet                                    x1 is magneti=
c [adjective] producing magnetic field x2                                  =
         a    1    (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)
 meljo mej          Malaysian                                 x1 reflects M=
alaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab   1    (cf. baxso, bindo)
 mexno mex          Mexican                                   x1 reflects M=
exican culture/nationality in aspect x2                                    =
         ab   1    (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)
 mirli              deer                                      x1 is a deer/=
elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2                              =
         ai   1    (cf. mabru, danlu)
 mo'i  mov          space motion                              mark motions =
in space-time                                                              =
         -    1
 morko mor          Moroccan                                  x1 reflects M=
oroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
 nilce         ni'e furniture                                 x1 [furniture=
 items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3                =
         an   1    (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)
 nirna nir          nerve                                     x1 is a nerve=
/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connectio=
n]       aa   1    [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)
 nu'o          nu'o can but has not                           modal aspect:=
 can but has not; unrealized potential                                     =
         at   1    (cf. kakne)
 pe'a  pev          figurative                                marks figurat=
ive usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi                             =
         at   1    [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore =
omitted place structures]
 pinca              urine                'piss'               x1 is a/the u=
rine/piss/pee of x2                                                        =
         aa   1    (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)
 plibu pib          pubic                                     x1 is a/the p=
ubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2                             =
         aa   1    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)
 plixa lix          plow                                      x1 (agent) pl=
ows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 =
         ao   1    (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)
 polno pol          Polynesian                                x1 reflects P=
olynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in asp=
ect x2   ab   1    (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)
 rakso              Iraqi                                     x1 reflects I=
raqi culture/nationality in aspect x2                                      =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)
 ransu              bronze                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2              =
         ah   1    (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)
 saclu              decimal                                   x1 (me'o) is =
the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantit=
y)       af   1    [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notati=
on] (cf. namcu, frinu)
 sadjo     djo      Saudi                                     x1 reflects S=
audi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2                              =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)
 semto     sme      Semitic                                   x1 reflects S=
emitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2=
         ab   1    [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian=
, among others]; (cf. xrabo)
 sivni siv          private                                   x1 is private=
/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidd=
en       a    1    [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in to=
uch with/privy to x1 (=3D selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be =
expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (=3D nalselsivni)]; (cf. =
gubni, mipri)
 skiji sij          ski                                       x1 is a ski/s=
kid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/=
cargo x3 a    1    (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)
 skoto kot     ko'o Scottish                                  x1 reflects G=
aelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab   1    [Irish (=3D sicko'o), Scottish (=3D sunko'o), Celtic (=
=3D dzeko'o), Welsh (=3D nanko'o), Breton (=3D fasko'o); since Scottish/Gae=
lic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a l=
e'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Iri=
sh]; (cf. brito, glico)
 so'e  sop          most                                      digit/number:=
 most                                                                      =
         7e   1
 sodna              sodium                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium]        =
         ag   1    [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, ji=
nme)
 srito              Sanskrit                                  x1 reflects S=
anskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2         =
         ab   1    (cf. xindo, xurdo)
 staku tak          ceramic                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/s=
hape x4  ah   1    [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: com=
position including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. klit=
i)
 talsa tal          challenge                                 x1 (person) c=
hallenges x2 at/in property x3                                             =
         8g   1    (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging=
 event/situation)
 tansi tas          pan                                       x1 is a pan/b=
asin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties =
x3       ao   1    [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for =
a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)
 tatru tat          breast               'teat'               x1 is a/the b=
reast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liqui=
d]       aa   1    [nipple (=3D tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)
 tcana              station                                   x1 is a stati=
on/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2    =
         a    1    [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (c=
f. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fon=
xa, dikca, fatri)
 tenfa tef          exponential                               x1 is the exp=
onential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3                            =
         ar   1    (cf. dugri)
 tinci              tin                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal]       =
         ag   1    (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)
 to'e  tol     to'e polar opposite                            polar opposit=
e scalar negator                                                           =
         7x   1    (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)
 trano              nitrogen                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates                       =
         ag   1    [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)
 vamtu vat          vomit                                     x1 vomits/reg=
urgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion               =
         a    1    (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)
 vinji vij          airplane                                  x1 is an airp=
lane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled =
by x3    7f   1    (cf. vofli, sabnu)
 xagri              reed                                      x1 is a oboe/=
clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2                  =
         ak   1    (cf. zgike)
 xalka xal          alcohol                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3       =
         ah   1    (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)
 xarnu              stubborn                                  x1 is stubbor=
n/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state)                   =
         a    1    [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; t=
he essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)
 xurdo xur     xu'o Urdu                                      x1 reflects U=
rdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2                              =
         ab   1    (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)
 zalvi zal          grind                'pulverize'          x1 [individua=
l or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3    =
         a    1    [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce,=
 canre, molki)
 zungi zug          guilt                                     x1 feels guil=
t/remorse about x2 (abstraction)                                           =
         9d   1    (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)
 baktu              bucket                                    x1 is a bucke=
t/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of mater=
ial x3   ao   0    (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)
 balni              balcony                                   x1 is a balco=
ny/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2                           =
         a    0    (cf. kajna)
 banxa bax          bank                                      x1 is a bank =
owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)           =
         ap   0    (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)
 barja              bar                                       x1 is a taver=
n/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3                                =
         ap   0    (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se=
 pinxe)
 bi    biv          8                                         digit/number:=
 8 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0
 bifce bic          bee                                       x1 is a bee/w=
asp/hornet of species/breed x2                                             =
         ai   0    (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)
 bilni bil          military                                  x1 is militar=
y/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3    =
         a    0    [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not =
limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (=
=3D bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)
 binra              insure                                    x1 insures/in=
demnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (eve=
nt)      a    0    [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (=3D binryve'u), =
premium (=3D binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti,=
 bilma)
 boxfo bof     bo'o sheet                'foil'               x1 is a sheet=
/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of materi=
al x2    9b   0    (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)
 bratu              hail                                      x1 is hail/sl=
eet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 =
         4h   0    [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its fal=
ling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)
 bu    bus     bu'i word to lerfu                             convert any s=
ingle word to BY                                                           =
         -    0    (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)
 bu'a  bul          some selbri 1                             logically qua=
ntified predicate variable: some selbri 1                                  =
         aq   0    (cf. broda, etc.)
 bunda bud          pound                                     x1 is x2 (def=
=2E 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounce=
s] x4      al   0    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...=
); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kram=
u)
 ce'i  cez          percent                                   digit/number:=
 % percentage symbol, hundredths                                           =
         7e   0    (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)
 cimde              dimension                                 x1 (property =
- ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3        =
         al   0    (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)
 civla civ          louse                                     x1 is a louse=
/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3       =
         ai   0    (cf. cinki, jalra)
 ckunu         ku'u conifer              'cone'               x1 is a conif=
er/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3                             =
         aj   0    (cf. tricu)
 cradi              radio                                     x1 broadcasts=
/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] recei=
ver x4   as   0    [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)
 decti dec          .1                   metric 'deci'        x1 is a tenth=
 [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 dekpu              gallon               'peck'               x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 sub=
units    al   0    [gallon (=3D likydekpu), quart (=3D likseldekpu), barrel=
 (wet =3D likybradekpu, dry =3D sudbradekpu), bushel (=3D sudydekpu), peck =
(=3D sudyseldekpu), cupful (=3D kabrydekpu), tablespoon (=3D mucydekpu); te=
aspoon (=3D mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish=
 the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the =
English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)];=
 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce=
, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
 dekto dek          10                   metric 'deka'        x1 is ten [10=
; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                 =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 delno del     de'o candela              'candle-power'       x1 is x2 cand=
ela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3              =
         af   0    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)
 dinko         di'o nail                                      x1 is a nail/=
tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of mat=
erial x3 ao   0    (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)
 fancu              function                                  x1 is a funct=
ion/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/=
rule x4  7e   0    (cf. mekso, bridi)
 fanri              factory              'foundry'            x1 is a facto=
ry/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3            =
         8c   0    (cf. molki, gundi)
 femti fem          1E-15                metric 'femto'       x1 is 1x10**-=
15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 fepri              lung                 'pulmonary'          x1 is a/the l=
ung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] =
         aa   0    [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)
 figre fig          fig                                       x1 is a fig [=
fruit/tree] of species/strain x2                                           =
         aj   0    (cf. grute)
 fo'e          fo'e it-7                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   0
 fo'i          fo'i it-8                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   0
 gigdo gig     gi'o 1E9                  metric 'giga'        x1 is a billi=
on [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is un=
its)     ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 gocti goc          1E-24                'yocto'              x1 is 1x10**-=
24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 gotro got          1E24                 'yotta'              x1 is 1x10**2=
4 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 gradu         rau  unit                 'degree, grad'       x1 [magnitude=
] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring prope=
rty x3   7e   0    [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, ka=
ntu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)
 greku rek          frame                                     x1 is a frame=
/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of=
 x2      a    0    (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)
 gundi gud          industry                                  x1 is industr=
y/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/mean=
s x3     8c   0    (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)
 jabre              brake                                     x1 brakes/cau=
ses to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3          =
         as   0    (cf. mosra)
 janbe jab          bell                                      x1 is a bell/=
chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2  =
         ao   0    [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a be=
ll); resonates (one sense, =3D jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)
 jansu jas          diplomat             'consul'             x1 is a diplo=
mat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose=
 x4      a    0    [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (=3D ralja=
nsu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)
 jbama bam          bomb                                      x1 is a bomb/=
explosive device with explosive material/principle x2                      =
         ao   0    (cf. cecla, spoja)
 jinku              vaccine                                   x1 is a vacci=
ne/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by m=
ethod x4 a    0    [also serum; inoculation (=3D jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. ju=
rme, mikce, jesni, bilma)
 jivbu              weave                                     x1 weaves x2 =
=66rom material/[yarn] x3                                                  =
           as   0    (cf. fenso, nivji)
 jmifa              shoal                'reef'               x1 is a shoal=
 [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3                  =
         a    0    [rapids (=3D ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)
 jo    jov          tanru iff                                 logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if        =
         7a   0
 jo'e  jom          union                                     non-logical c=
onnective: union of sets                                                   =
         at   0
 ju    juv          tanru whether                             logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not                          =
         7a   0
 junta              weight                                    x1 is the wei=
ght of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3                =
         9b   0    (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)
 kanji kaj          calculate            'reckon'             x1 calculates=
/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4         =
         7e   0    (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)
 ke'e  kep     ke'e end grouping                              elidable term=
inator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable)             =
         3b   0    (cf. cmavo list ke)
 kenra ken          cancer                                    x1 is a cance=
r [malignant disease] in x2                                                =
         a    0    (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)
 klupe lup     lu'e screw                                     x1 is a screw=
 [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, mate=
rial] x4 a    0    [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)
 konju kon     ko'u cone                                      x1 is a cone =
[shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3                                 =
         9b   0    [also ellipse, ellipsoid (=3D konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, dj=
ine, sovda, kojna, jganu)
 kramu              acre                                      x1 is x2 loca=
l area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits        =
         af   0    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...);=
 (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)
 ku'a  kuz          intersection                              non-logical c=
onnective: intersection of sets                                            =
         at   0
 lanci              flag                 'banner'             x1 is a flag/=
banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4        =
         ao   0    (cf. gugde, jecta)
 lanka              basket                                    x1 is a baske=
t with contents x2, woven from material x3                                 =
         ao   0    (cf. vasru, baktu)
 li'i  liz          experience abstract                       abstractor: e=
xperience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or obse=
rver)    -    0    (cf. lifri)
 livga              liver                                     x1 is a/the l=
iver [body-part] of x2                                                     =
         aa   0    (cf. rango, betfu)
 lunsa lus          condense                                  x1 condenses/=
liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate o=
n x2     a    0    (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)
 matra              motor                                     x1 is a motor=
/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2                          =
         a    0    (cf. marce, minji, carce)
 megdo meg          1E6                  metric 'mega'        x1 is a milli=
on [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)               =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 mei   mem     mei  cardinal selbri                           convert numbe=
r to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x=
3             0    [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 =
is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (=3D selmei for reordered places=
); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [amo=
ng the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)
 mikri mik          1E-6                 metric 'micro'       x1 is a milli=
onth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)            =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 milti mil          .001                 metric 'milli'       x1 is a thous=
andth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)   =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 mo'a  mob          too few                                   digit/number:=
 too few; subjective                                                       =
         -    0
 molki     mlo      mill                                      x1 is a mill/=
foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2             =
         ap   0    [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill =
(=3D grumlo), grinding mill (=3D zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gast=
a, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)
 mu'e  muf          point-event abstract                      abstractor: a=
chievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [b=
ridi]    -    0
 nanvi nav          1E-9                 metric 'nano'        x1 is a billi=
onth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is=
 units)  ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 narge nag          nut                                       x1 is a nut [=
body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kern=
el x4    aj   0    [also x4 nucleus, center (=3D velnarge for place reorder=
ing)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)
 naxle nax xle      canal                                     x1 is a canal=
/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4                                       =
         ap   0    [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, darg=
u)
 nivji niv          knit                                      x1 (agent) kn=
its x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3                                  =
         a    0    (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)
 no'e  nor     no'e scalar midpoint not                       midpoint scal=
ar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really"              =
         7x   0    (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)
 nutli nul     nu'i neutral                                   x1 is neutral=
/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 =
         8g   0    [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to d=
isagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed va=
lues in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce=
, cmavo list no'e)
 pambe              pump                                      x1 is a pump/=
injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means=
 x5      a    0    [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pum=
p generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pr=
essure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphori=
cal use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)
 petso pet          1E15                 metric 'peta'        x1 is 1x10**1=
5 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 pi    piz          decimal point                             digit/number:=
 base point; default decimal                                               =
         7e   0
 pi'u  piv          cross product                             non-logical c=
onnective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets                        =
         at   0
 picti pic          1E-12                metric 'pico'        x1 is a trill=
ionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 pruni pun          elastic              'springy'            (adjective:) =
x1 is elastic/springy                                                      =
         a    0    (cf. ckabu, tcena)
 pu'i  pus          can and has                               modal aspect:=
 can and has; demonstrated potential                                       =
         at   0    (cf. kakne)
 pu'u  puv          process abstract                          abstractor: p=
rocess (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2=
         -    0    (cf. pruce)
 pulni              pulley                                    x1 is a pulle=
y [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3             =
         ao   0    (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)
 punli pul          swelling                                  x1 is a swell=
ing/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3          =
         9b   0    [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)
 purmo pum     pu'o powder                                    x1 is a powde=
r of material x2                                                           =
         9f   0    [flour (=3D grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)
 radno         ra'o radian                                    x1 is x2 radi=
an(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3       =
         aj   0    [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astrono=
mical measurement] (=3D cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto,=
 femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanv=
i, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 randa rad          yield                'surrender'          x1 yields/giv=
es way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3                  =
         a    0    (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)
 rango rag          organ                                     x1 is a/the b=
ody organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3            =
         aa   0    [also sweetmeat (=3D ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)
 rinci              drain                                     x1 liquid/flu=
id drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force=
 x4      a    0    [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu=
, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)
 roi   rom     roi  quantified tense                          converts numb=
er to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time t=
ense     at   0    (cf. rapli)
 sabnu              cabin                                     x1 is a cabin=
 of vehicle x2                                                             =
         a    0    (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)
 sacki              match                                     x1 is a match=
 [incendiary device] made of x2                                            =
         a    0    (cf. fagri, jelca)
 sigja sig          cigar                                     x1 is a cigar=
/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3         =
         a    0    (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)
 sitna sit          cite                                      x1 cites/quot=
es/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'=
u)       8b   0    (cf. krasi)
 slami              acid                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidi=
c        ah   0    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)
 slovo lov     lo'o Slavic                                    x1 reflects S=
lavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2                                  =
         ab   0    (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)
 smani              monkey               'simian'             x1 is a monke=
y/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2                         =
         ai   0    (cf. mabru, danlu)
 su'e  sup     su'e at most                                   digit/number:=
 at most (all); no more than                                               =
         3a   0
 su'u  suv          unspecif abstract                         abstractor: g=
eneralized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of=
 type x2 -    0    (cf. sucta)
 tamca              tomato                                    x1 is a tomat=
o [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2                             =
         aj   0    (cf. grute, stagi)
 tanko              tobacco                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   0    (cf. sigja, marna)
 terto tet          1E12                 metric 'tera'        x1 is a trill=
ion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)             =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 tujli tuj          tulip                                     x1 is a tulip=
 (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2                            =
         aj   0    (cf. spati)
 ve'e          ve'e whole space interval                      location tens=
e interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interv=
al)      at   0
 vibna vib          vagina                                    x1 is a/the v=
agina [body-part] of x2                                                    =
         aa   0    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)
 vlagi lag          vulva                                     x1 is a/the v=
ulva [body-part] of x2                                                     =
         aa   0    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)
 vukro vur     vu'o Ukrainian                                 x1 reflects U=
krainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2                         =
         ab   0    (cf. slovo, softo)
 xampo xap     xa'o ampere                                    x1 is x2 ampe=
re(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3               =
         af   0    (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, go=
cti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, =
xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
 xatsi xat          1E-18                metric 'atto'        x1 is 1x10**-=
18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)
 xexso xex          1E18                 metric 'exa'         x1 is 1x10**1=
8 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti=
, zetro)
 xotli xol     xoi  hotel                                     x1 is a hotel=
/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3                                  =
         7f   0    (cf. barja, gusta)
 zajba zaj          gymnast                                   x1 is a gymna=
st at/performs gymnastics feat x2                                          =
         a    0    (cf. sluji, dansu)
 zargu zag     za'u buttock              'arse'               x1 is a/the b=
uttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, sup=
port]    aa   0    [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)
 ze'o  zev     ze'o outward                                   location tens=
e relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ...                     =
         at   0
 zepti zep          1E-21                'zepto'              x1 is 1x10**-=
21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso=
, zetro)
 zetro zet          1E21                 'zetta'              x1 is 1x10**2=
1 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso=
, zepti)
 zi'o  zil          nonexistent it                            pro-sumti: fi=
lls a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri s=
emantics  -   0
 zo'a  zon     zo'a tangential to                             location tens=
e relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ...                         =
         at   0    (cf. pencu, tanjo)
 zo'i  zor     zo'i inward                                    location tens=
e relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ...          =
         at   0    (cf. nenri, setca)
 zu'o  zum          activity abstract                         abstractor: a=
ctivity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of =
x2       -    0    (cf. zukte)

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 01436 Lojban                  gismu list  9/26/94        01436 Draft dicti=
onary rebaseline posted for review; Logflash format compatible Note: Metaph=
or usage risks cultural neutrality; physical attributes are safest. Use pla=
ce structures.  rafsi list baselined as of this date.  Note: a complete set=
 can be partially specified with etcetera (ce zo'e)=0D
 bacru         ba'u utter                                     x1 utters ver=
bally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2                        =
         1h 386    [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication o=
r audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, vo=
ksa, pinka)=0D
 badna              banana                                    x1 is a banan=
a/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2                               =
         aj   2    (cf. grute)=0D
 badri     dri      sad                                       x1 is sad/dep=
ressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)        =
         3c  91    (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)=0D
 bajra baj          run                                       x1 runs on su=
rface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4                                       =
         2b   0    (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)=0D
 bakfu baf          bundle               'pack'               x1 is a bundl=
e/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x=
3        9b   3    (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)=0D
 bakni bak          bovine               'ox'                 x1 is a cow/c=
attle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 =
         ai   8    (cf. danlu)=0D
 bakri              chalk                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3                 =
         ah   2    (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)=0D
 baktu              bucket                                    x1 is a bucke=
t/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of mater=
ial x3   ao   0    (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)=0D
 balji              bulb                 'bulge'              x1 is a bulb =
[body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]                =
         aj   1    (cf. punli, batke)=0D
 balni              balcony                                   x1 is a balco=
ny/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2                           =
         a    0    (cf. kajna)=0D
 balre         ba'e blade                                     x1 is a blade=
 of tool/weapon x2                                                         =
         a    3    (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)=0D
 balvi bav          future               'later'              x1 is in the =
future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former =
         4a  56    [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after;=
 time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in=
 time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (=3D cfab=
alvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur];=
 (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)=0D
 bancu bac          beyond                                    x1 exceeds/is=
 beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni)            =
         7j   7    [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily direc=
tly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not l=
imited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)=0D
 bandu bad          defend                                    x1 (event) de=
fends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)    =
         8g   9    [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective co=
ver/shield (=3D badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, sn=
ura, binra, lunbe, pulji)=0D
 banfi              amphibian                                 x1 is an amph=
ibian of species/breed x2                                                  =
         ai   4    (cf. danlu, respa)=0D
 bangu ban     bau  language                                  x1 is a/the l=
anguage/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote)=
         1b 162    [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna=
, jufra, natmi, slaka)=0D
 banli bal     ba'i great                'grand'              x1 is great/g=
rand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3                                    =
         7j  96    [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the ob=
jective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) e=
xtraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, aug=
ust, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, statel=
y, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se=
 sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)=0D
 banro         ba'o grow                                      x1 grows/expa=
nds [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3               =
         8f  26    [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increa=
ses]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)=0D
 banxa bax          bank                                      x1 is a bank =
owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)           =
         ap   0    (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)=0D
 banzu baz          suffice                                   x1 (object) s=
uffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3            =
         3m  89    (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)=0D
 bapli bap     bai  force                'compel'             x1 [force] (k=
a) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest =
         as  20    [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics t=
erm (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, k=
rinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)=0D
 barda     bra      big                  'large'              x1 is big/lar=
ge in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3      =
         1e 318    (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, ba=
nro, xanto)=0D
 bargu bag          arch                                      x1 arches/cur=
ves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of mater=
ial x3   9b   9    [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point =
or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)=0D
 barja              bar                                       x1 is a taver=
n/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3                                =
         ap   0    (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se=
 pinxe)=0D
 barna         ba'a mark                                      x1(s) is a/ar=
e mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3                                     =
         a    0    [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, s=
e ciska, se prina)=0D
 bartu bar          out                                       x1 is on the =
outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2                                        =
         1e  82    (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)=0D
 basna              emphasize            'accent'             x1 emphasizes=
/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3             =
         1h  16    [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)=0D
 basti bas          replace              'substitute'         x1 replaces/s=
ubstitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substi=
tute     3m  35    [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, =
binra)=0D
 batci bat          bite                                      x1 bites/pinc=
hes x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4                                     =
         5c  83    [bite through (=3D ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (=3D cinz=
ybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)=0D
 batke              button                                    x1 is a butto=
n/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4       =
         a    2    (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)=0D
 bavmi              barley                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)=0D
 baxso              Malay-Indonesian     'Bahasa'             x1 reflects M=
alay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2                       =
         ab   2    (cf. meljo, bindo)=0D
 bebna beb          foolish              'boob'               x1 is foolish=
/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob              =
         5g  69    (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)=0D
 bemro bem     be'o North American                            x1 reflects N=
orth American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                   =
         ab   6    (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)=0D
 bende bed     be'e crew                 'band'               x1 is a crew/=
team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose=
 x4      ap   1    (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also =
orchestra (=3D zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not ne=
cessarily incorporated (=3D cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, j=
atna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)=0D
 bengo beg          Bengali                                   x1 reflects B=
engali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                =
         ab   1    (cf. xindo)=0D
 benji bej     be'i transfer             'send'               x1 transfers/=
sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medi=
um x5    4i  79    [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from =
origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, c=
radi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)=0D
 bersa bes     be'a son                                       x1 is a son o=
f mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological]                    =
         4b  29    [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, m=
amta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)=0D
 berti ber          north                                     x1 is to the =
north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of refe=
rence x3 5d  91    (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)=0D
 besna ben          brain                                     x1 is a/the b=
rain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control]           =
         aa  17    [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)=0D
 betfu bef     be'u abdomen              'belly'              x1 is a/the a=
bdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection]         =
         1c   9    [also stomach (=3D djaruntyrango), digestive tract (=3D =
befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)=0D
 betri bet          tragedy              'tragic'             x1 is a trage=
dy/disaster/tragic for x2                                                  =
         4c  53    (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)=0D
 bevri bev     bei  carry                'bear'               x1 carries/ha=
uls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[=
porter]  2b 149    [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu=
, benji, klama)=0D
 bi    biv          8                                         digit/number:=
 8 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 bi'i  biz          unordered interval                        non-logical i=
nterval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any int=
erval)   at   0=0D
 bidju              bead                                      x1 is a bead/=
pebble [shape/form] of material x2                                         =
         9b  19    (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)=0D
 bifce bic          bee                                       x1 is a bee/w=
asp/hornet of species/breed x2                                             =
         ai   0    (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)=0D
 bikla bik          whip                 'beat, lash'         x1 whips/lash=
es/snaps [a sudden violent motion]                                         =
         ao  24    (cf. skori, darxi)=0D
 bilga big          obliged                                   x1 is bound/o=
bliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do =
x2       8c  34    [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)=0D
 bilma         bi'a ill                                       x1 is ill/sic=
k/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3                                =
         4c  22    (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)=0D
 bilni bil          military                                  x1 is militar=
y/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3    =
         a    0    [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not =
limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (=
=3D bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)=0D
 bindo bid          Indonesian                                x1 reflects I=
ndonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                        =
         ab   1    (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)=0D
 binra              insure                                    x1 insures/in=
demnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (eve=
nt)      a    0    [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (=3D binryve'u), =
premium (=3D binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti,=
 bilma)=0D
 binxo bix     bi'o become                                    x1 becomes/ch=
anges/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3                      =
         2c 217    [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change]; (cf. cenb=
a for non-resultative, galfi for causal, stika for non-resultative, non-cau=
sal change; zasni)=0D
 birje              beer                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2                      =
         2j  13    (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)=0D
 birka bir          arm                                       x1 is a/the a=
rm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength]                     =
         1c  57    [also elbow (=3D bircidni), wrist (=3D xanterjo'e), appe=
ndage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)=0D
 birti bit          certain                                   x1 is certain=
/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true                                   =
         3l  31    (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)=0D
 bisli bis          ice                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 =
         5b  43    [composition including x2, which need not be a complete =
composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)=0D
 bitmu bim     bi'u wall                                      x1 is a wall/=
fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4                  =
         1h 152    (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, se=
nta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)=0D
 blabi lab          white                                     x1 is white/v=
ery-light colored [color adjective]                                        =
         1a 107    [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g=
=2E pink (=3D labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale =3D dimne=
ss, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bak=
ri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)=0D
 blaci              glass                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2               =
         6b   5    (cf. kabri)=0D
 blanu     bla      blue                                      x1 is blue [c=
olor adjective]                                                            =
         1a 132    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)=0D
 bliku     bli      block                                     x1 is a block=
 [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3              =
         9b   8    [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shap=
e; also polyhedron (=3D pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regula=
r polyhedron (=3D kubybli, blikubli), brick (=3D kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubl=
i, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)=0D
 bloti lot blo lo'i boat                                      x1 is a boat/=
ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3                     =
         7f  33    (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)=0D
 bo    bor          short scope link                          short scope j=
oiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping     =
         8a   0=0D
 bolci bol     boi  ball                                      x1 is a ball/=
sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [mad=
e of x2] 9b  36    [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)=0D
 bongu bog     bo'u bone                                      x1 is a/the b=
one/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: cal=
cium]    aa   3    [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for =
some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former ca=
n be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (=3D ranbo'u), s=
keleton (=3D bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)=0D
 botpi bot     bo'i bottle                                    x1 is a bottl=
e/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 =
         1f  79    (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)=0D
 boxfo bof     bo'o sheet                'foil'               x1 is a sheet=
/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of materi=
al x2    9b   0    (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)=0D
 boxna bon     bo'a wave                                      x1 is a wave =
[periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5=
         9b  14    (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)=0D
 bradi              enemy                'adversary'          x1 is an enem=
y/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3                              =
         2i   8    (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, ji=
vna, jinga)=0D
 bratu              hail                                      x1 is hail/sl=
eet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 =
         4h   0    [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its fal=
ling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)=0D
 brazo raz          Brazilian                                 x1 reflects B=
razilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                         =
         ab   1    (cf. porto, ketco)=0D
 bredi red bre      ready                                     x1 is ready/p=
repared for x2 (event)                                                     =
         9c  36    (cf. spaji, jukpa)=0D
 bridi     bri      predicate                                 x1 (text) is =
a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3=
         1b1172    [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (=3D terbri for reo=
rdered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)=0D
 brife bif     bi'e breeze                                    x1 is a breez=
e/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2              =
         4h  66    (cf. tcima)=0D
 briju bij          office               'bureau'             x1 is an offi=
ce/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3                           =
         8c  54    (cf. jibri, gunka)=0D
 brito rit          British                                   x1 reflects B=
ritish/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2                     =
         ab  54    (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)=0D
 broda rod          predicate var 1                           1st assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad 134    (cf. cmavo list bu'a)=0D
 brode         bo'e predicate var 2                           2nd assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad  24 =0D
 brodi              predicate var 3                           3rd assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad  10 =0D
 brodo              predicate var 4                           4th assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad   5 =0D
 brodu              predicate var 5                           5th assignabl=
e variable predicate (context determines place structure)                  =
         ad   5 =0D
 bruna bun     bu'a brother                                   x1 is brother=
 of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biologi=
cal]     4b 110    (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)=0D
 bu    bus     bu'i word to lerfu                             convert any s=
ingle word to BY                                                           =
         -         (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)=0D
 bu'a  bul          some selbri 1                             logically qua=
ntified predicate variable: some selbri 1                                  =
         aq   0    (cf. broda, etc.)=0D
 budjo buj     bu'o Buddhist                                  x1 pertains t=
o the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2                         =
         ac   2    (cf. latna, lijda)=0D
 bukpu buk     bu'u cloth                                     x1 is an amou=
nt of cloth/fabric of type/material x2                                     =
         3f  20    (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)=0D
 bumru bum          fog                                       x1 is foggy/m=
isty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2                              =
         4h   5    (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)=0D
 bunda bud          pound                                     x1 is x2 (def=
=2E 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounce=
s] x4      al   0    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...=
); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kram=
u)=0D
 bunre bur     bu'e brown                                     x1 is brown/t=
an [color adjective]                                                       =
         1a  63    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)=0D
 burcu     bru      brush                                     x1 is a brush=
 for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3                                   =
         ao   1    (cf. komcu, pinsi)=0D
 burna              embarrassed                               x1 is embarra=
ssed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstract=
ion)     9d   4    (cf. cinmo)=0D
 ca'a  caz          actually is                               modal aspect:=
 actuality/ongoing event                                                   =
         at   0    (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)=0D
 cabna cab          now                                       x1 is current=
 at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time       =
         4a  69    [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; ti=
me relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one even=
t does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, =
purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)=0D
 cabra         ca'a apparatus                                 x1 is apparat=
us/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 =
(agent)  7g   5    [form determined by/from function; does not imply automa=
ted/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a=
 zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the fun=
ctions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, g=
anzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)=0D
 cacra              hour                                      x1 is x2 hour=
s in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3                           =
         3e  21    (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)=0D
 cadzu     dzu      walk                                      x1 walks/stri=
des/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3                                     =
         1g 174    (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)=0D
 cafne caf          often                                     x1 (event) of=
ten/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2           =
         6f  11    (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo lis=
t piso'iroi and similar compounds)=0D
 cakla              chocolate                                 x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa                                 =
         2j   8    (cf. ckafi)=0D
 calku cak          shell                                     x1 is a shell=
/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3                 =
         9f  24    (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)=0D
 canci              vanish                                    x1 vanishes/d=
isappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sen=
sor x3   a   22    [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse,=
 zgana, lebna, vimcu)=0D
 cando cad          idle                                      x1 is idle/at=
 rest/inactive                                                             =
         8c   4    ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is nega=
tion of this]; (cf. surla)=0D
 cange cag          farm                 'grange, agrarian'   x1 is a farm/=
ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agraria=
n        ap  10    [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity=
, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)=0D
 canja caj          exchange                                  x1 exchanges/=
trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/bus=
inessman 8d  12    [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better =
expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commod=
ity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for o=
bjects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/comm=
odity (=3D posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, =
zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/v=
alue distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)=0D
 canko         ca'o window                                    x1 is a windo=
w/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2                    =
         1f 153    (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, ka=
lri, kuspe)=0D
 canlu cal     ca'u space                'volume'             x1 is space/v=
olume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2             =
         al  18    [also occupy (=3D selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, ke=
vna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)=0D
 canpa     cna      shovel                                    x1 is a shove=
l/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2                          =
         ao   6    (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)=0D
 canre can          sand                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition includin=
g x3     ah   5    [also abrasive (=3D gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi=
, boxna)=0D
 canti              gut                  'entrails'           x1 is a/the g=
ut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x=
2        aa   5    [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)=0D
 carce              cart                                      x1 is a cart/=
carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3          =
         ao   3    (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)=0D
 carmi cam     cai  intense                                   x1 is intense=
/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by obs=
erver x3 1a 143    [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probab=
ly better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in color=
s, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. =
denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre=
, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)=0D
 carna car          turn                                      x1 turns/rota=
tes/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3                                =
         1g  48    [also revolve (=3D jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)=0D
 cartu cat          chart                                     x1 is a chart=
/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3                  =
         5d   7    (cf. platu)=0D
 carvi cav          rain                                      x1 rains/show=
ers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain=
']       4h 107    (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)=0D
 casnu     snu      discuss                                   x1(s) (mass n=
ormally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/su=
bject x2 1h 107    [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)=
=0D
 catke         ca'e shove                                     x1 [agent] sh=
oves/pushes x2 at locus x3                                                 =
         8h   9    [move by pushing/shoving (=3D ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre =
for non-agentive force, lacpu)=0D
 catlu     cta      look                                      x1 looks at/e=
xamines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2                         =
         1g 259    [also look through (=3D grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note =
that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minr=
a, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)=0D
 catni         ca'i authority                                 x1 has author=
ity/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 =
         8c   6    (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)=
=0D
 catra              kill                 'slaughter'          x1 (agent) ki=
lls/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3                              =
         8g  82    (cf. morsi, xarci)=0D
 caxno cax          shallow                                   x1 is shallow=
 in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standar=
d x4     6c  10    (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)=0D
 ce    cec          in a set with                             non-logical c=
onnective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set              =
         at   0    (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)=0D
 ce'i  cez          percent                                   digit/number:=
 % percentage symbol, hundredths                                           =
         7e   0    (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)=0D
 ce'o          ce'o in a sequence with                        non-logical c=
onnective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence           =
         at   0    (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)=0D
 cecla cel     ce'a launcher                                  x1 launches/f=
ires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] =
         a    4    [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/cast=
s (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)];=
 (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)=0D
 cecmu cem     ce'u community                                 x1 is a commu=
nity/colony of organisms x2                                                =
         7c  33    (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)=0D
 cedra              era                                       x1 is an era/=
epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)               =
         a    9    (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merel=
y a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed i=
n an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may als=
o be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a)=
; (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)=0D
 cenba     cne      vary                                      x1 varies/cha=
nges in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x=
4        2c  38    [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change]; (cf. c=
enba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and causal, stika=
 which is non-resultative and causal; stodi, zasni, binxo)=0D
 censa ces          holy                 'sacred'             x1 is holy/sa=
cred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2                       =
         ac  58    (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)=0D
 centi cen          .01                  metric 'centi'       x1 is a hundr=
edth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)     =
         ae   3    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 cerda ced          heir                                      x1 is an heir=
 to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4         =
         a   13    [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-ra=
ising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - th=
e ownership of the object (=3D posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous sema=
ntics)]; (cf. jgina)=0D
 cerni cer          morning                                   x1 is a morni=
ng [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at locatio=
n x3     3e  35    [this morning (=3D cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (=3D b=
avlamcerni); yesterday morning (=3D prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci=
, murse, tcika)=0D
 certu     cre      expert                                    x1 is an expe=
rt/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3     =
         8c  63    [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)=0D
 cevni cev     cei  god                  'divinity'           x1 is a/the g=
od/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is div=
ine      ac 197    [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious comm=
unity as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)=0D
 cfari     cfa      initiate                                  x1 [state/eve=
nt/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)=
         2c 104    (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)=0D
 cfika fik     fi'a fiction                                   x1 is a work =
of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3    =
         8b   2    [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fat=
ci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)=0D
 cfila     cfi      flaw                                      x1 (property =
- ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3                              =
         7j  19    (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)=0D
 cfine              wedge                                     x1 is a wedge=
 [shape/form/tool] of material x2                                          =
         9b   2    (cf. tutci)=0D
 cfipu         fi'u confusing                                 x1 (event/sta=
te) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)     =
         1h  64    (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)=0D
 ci    cib          3                                         digit/number:=
 3 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 ciblu     blu      blood                                     x1 is blood/v=
ital fluid of organism x2                                                  =
         4c  39    (cf. risna, flecu)=0D
 cicna              cyan                                      x1 is cyan/tu=
rquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective]                                    =
         1a   2    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)=0D
 cidja     dja      food                 'feed'               x1 is food/fe=
ed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2                    =
         5b  78    (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)=0D
 cidni cid          knee                                      x1 is a/the k=
nee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3          =
         1c   8    [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)=
=0D
 cidro     dro      hydrogen                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable]      =
         ag   1    (cf. gapci, xukmi)=0D
 cifnu cif          infant                                    x1 is an infa=
nt/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2      =
         3b  22    [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)=0D
 cigla cig          gland                                     x1 is a/the g=
land [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1         =
         aa   8    [secretion (=3D selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)=0D
 cikna cik          awake                                     (adjective:) =
x1 is awake/alert/conscious                                                =
         6m  47    (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)=0D
 cikre              repair               'fix'                x1 repairs/me=
nds/fixes x2 for use x3                                                    =
         8c  13    [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the poss=
ible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)=0D
 ciksi     cki      explain                                   x1 (person) e=
xplains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u)         =
         1h  53    [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpo=
se/method for x2 (=3D velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be=
 non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. ja=
lge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousnes=
s, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word n=
ot a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, m=
ukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)=0D
 cilce cic          wild                                      (adjective:) =
x1 is wild/untamed                                                         =
         6c  30    [tame (=3D tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)=0D
 cilmo cim          moist                                     x1 is moist/w=
et/damp with liquid x2                                                     =
         6f  53    (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)=0D
 cilre     cli      learn                                     x1 learns x2 =
(du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/pro=
cess)    1h  85    (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)=0D
 cilta cil          thread               'filament'           x1 is a threa=
d/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2                                =
         9b   8    (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)=0D
 cimde              dimension                                 x1 (property =
- ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3        =
         al   0    (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)=0D
 cimni              infinite                                  x1 is infinit=
e/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of typ=
e x3     al  17    [also everlasting, eternity, (=3D cimnytei), eternal (=
=3D cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)=0D
 cinba              kiss                 'buss'               x1 (agent) ki=
sses/busses x2 at locus x3                                                 =
         5g  17    (cf. ctebi)=0D
 cindu              oak                                       x1 is an oak,=
 a type of tree of species/strain x2                                       =
         aj   2    (cf. tricu)=0D
 cinfo              lion                                      x1 is a lion/=
[lioness] of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai   5    (cf. mlatu)=0D
 cinje cij          wrinkle                                   x1 is a wrink=
le/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2                                          =
         9b   5    (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)=0D
 cinki              insect                                    x1 is an inse=
ct/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle]                                   =
         6c  17    (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bi=
fce)=0D
 cinla              thin                 'lean'               x1 is thin in=
 direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimen=
sion]    6f   7    (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)=0D
 cinmo     cni      emotion                                   x1 feels emot=
ion x2 (ka) about x3                                                       =
         9d  91    [also mood/humor (=3D nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cu=
mla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, =
steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)=0D
 cinri         ci'i interesting          'interests'          x1 (abstracti=
on) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1                 =
         8b  62    [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; int=
erested in (=3D selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)=0D
 cinse cin          sexual                                    x1 in activit=
y/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard=
 x4      5g  48    [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role=
], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) =
x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (=3D cinfriti, cinjikca=
)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)=0D
 cinta              paint                                     x1 [material]=
 is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3                =
         a    6    (cf. pixra, skari)=0D
 cinza              tongs                                     x1 is a/are t=
ong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch =
x3       ao   6    (cf. tutci)=0D
 cipni     cpi      bird                                      x1 is a bird/=
avian/fowl of species x2                                                   =
         6c 119    (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, da=
nlu)=0D
 cipra cip          test                 'proof'              x1 (process/e=
vent) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/=
mass)    7e  48    [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in =
x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)=
=0D
 cirko     cri      lose                                      x1 loses pers=
on/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situatio=
n x3     8g  39    [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, =
this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D po'ecri, =
posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, ji=
nga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)=0D
 cirla              cheese                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2                                 =
         5b  20    (cf. ladru)=0D
 ciska         ci'a write                'scribe'             x1 inscribes/=
writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a s=
cribe    1h 270    [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tci=
du, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, ba=
rna, pinka)=0D
 cisma              smile                                     x1 smiles/gri=
ns (facial expression)                                                     =
         1g  39    [smile/grin at something (=3D cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cm=
ila, frumu)=0D
 ciste         ci'e system                                    x1 (mass) sys=
tem interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (k=
a)       7e  26    [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also =
relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic =
functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tad=
ji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)=0D
 citka     cti      eat                                       x1 eats/inges=
ts/consumes (transitive verb) x2                                           =
         5c 320    (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, ka=
bri)=0D
 citno cit     ci'o young                'junior'             x1 is young/y=
outhful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2              =
         2c 146    [also age (=3D nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; =
(cf. cnino, slabu, verba)=0D
 citri cir          history                                   x1 is a histo=
ry of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3                    =
         a   22    [also historic/historical (=3D cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf=
=2E muzga)=0D
 citsi              season                                    x1 is a seaso=
n/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year=
(s) x3   3e  15    [also anniversary (=3D citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee=
 (=3D mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by=
 x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default=
 every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pa=
vdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu,=
 dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)=0D
 civla civ          louse                                     x1 is a louse=
/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3       =
         ai   0    (cf. cinki, jalra)=0D
 cizra ciz          strange              'bizarre'            x1 is strange=
/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka)                       =
         6f 103    [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic=
]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)=0D
 ckabu              rubber                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition inclu=
ding x3  ah   1    (cf. pruni)=0D
 ckafi kaf          coffee                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2                =
         2j  23    [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coff=
ee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)=0D
 ckaji         kai  quality                                   x1 has/is cha=
racterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manife=
st in x1 3b 128    [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (=3D s=
elkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)=0D
 ckana     cka      bed                                       x1 is a bed/p=
allet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)       =
         an 111    (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, st=
izu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)=0D
 ckape cap          peril                                     x1 is perilou=
s/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3                  =
         a   17    [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, t=
e marbi, se snura, se xalni)=0D
 ckasu cas          ridicule             'scoff'              x1 ridicules/=
mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event)  =
         5g  30    (cf. cmila)=0D
 ckeji kej cke      ashamed                                   x1 feels asha=
med/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3  =
         9d   2    (cf. cinmo)=0D
 ckiku kik          key                                       x1 is a key f=
itting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties =
x3       ao  20    [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (=3D termifckiku,=
 kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form prope=
rties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock -=
 in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the sh=
aft and teeth]; (cf. stela)=0D
 ckilu         ci'u scale                                     x1 (si'o) is =
a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state)            =
         al   2    (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)=0D
 ckini         ki'i related              'akin, kin'          x1 is related=
 to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3                          =
         2g  46    (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe,=
 fange)=0D
 ckire kir          grateful                                  x1 is gratefu=
l/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property)                   =
         2l  53    [also gratitude (=3D nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo,=
 friti, pluka)=0D
 ckule kul     cu'e school                                    x1 is school/=
institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operat=
ed by x5 1h  95    [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)=0D
 ckunu         ku'u conifer              'cone'               x1 is a conif=
er/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3                             =
         aj   0    (cf. tricu)=0D
 cladu         lau  loud                                      x1 is loud/no=
isy at observation point x2 by standard x3                                 =
         2g  93    (cf. savru)=0D
 clani     cla      long                                      x1 is long in=
 dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard=
 x3      9b  90    (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gu=
tci, minli, rotsu)=0D
 claxu         cau  without              'lack'               x1 is without=
/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less                                   =
         2g 145    (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)=
=0D
 clika              mossy                                     x1 is a moss/=
lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy        =
         aj   8    (cf. mledi)=0D
 clira lir          early                                     x1 (event) is=
 early by standard x2                                                      =
         2g  35    (cf. lerci)=0D
 clite lit          polite                                    x1 is polite/=
courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3               =
         9c  37    [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)=0D
 cliva liv     li'a leave                                     x1 leaves/goe=
s away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3                        =
         1g 115    [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. =
canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)=0D
 clupa cup          loop                                      x1 is a loop/=
circuit of x2 [material]                                                   =
         9b   3    [also noose (=3D skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indi=
cation of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined =
by set of points (=3D cuptai)]; (cf. djine)=0D
 cmaci              mathematics                               x1 is a mathe=
matics of type/describing x2                                               =
         7e  10    (cf. mekso)=0D
 cmalu     cma      small                                     x1 is small i=
n property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3          =
         1e 326    (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)=0D
 cmana         ma'a mountain                                  x1 is a mount=
ain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass=
 x2      6c  85    (cf. punli, derxi)=0D
 cmavo         ma'o structure word                            x1 is a struc=
ture word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (langu=
age) x4  1b1008    [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language p=
lace) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an examp=
le of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical=
 object (=3D (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propos=
e adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list =3D ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orsels=
te)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)=0D
 cmene     cme me'e name                                      x1 (quoted wo=
rd(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)=
         1b 265    [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (=3D selcme for reordered p=
laces)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)=0D
 cmila         mi'a laugh                'smile'              x1 laughs (em=
otional expression)                                                        =
         1g  64    [x1 laughs at x2 (=3D mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajm=
i, cisma)=0D
 cmima mim cmi      member                                    x1 is a membe=
r/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group=
 x2      7c 117    [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 =
is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its comm=
on property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership=
]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, la=
nzu, liste)=0D
 cmoni     cmo co'i moan                                      x1 utters moa=
n/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) =
         4c  32    [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meo=
w, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)=0D
 cnano         na'o norm                                      x1 [value] is=
 a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard=
 x4      7e  10    [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete se=
t)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)=0D
 cnebo neb     ne'o neck                                      x1 is a/the n=
eck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point]               =
         1c   6    (cf. galxe, cutne)=0D
 cnemu nem     ne'u reward                                    x1 (agent) re=
wards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts =
x4       a   39    [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature;=
 rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point=
 of view of the rewarder: positive reward (=3D zanyne'u), punishment, penal=
ty, demerit (=3D malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodit=
y (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, t=
his is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posne'u, p=
osyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, ji=
vna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)=0D
 cnici nic          orderly              'neat'               x1 is orderly=
/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)                              =
         7j  20    (cf. cunso, kalsa)=0D
 cnino nin     ni'o new                                       x1 is new/unf=
amiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a nov=
elty     2c 126    (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)=0D
 cnisa nis          lead                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft met=
al]      ag   3    (cf. jinme, tinci)=0D
 cnita nit     ni'a beneath                                   x1 is directl=
y/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of refere=
nce x3   2d 139    [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farn=
a, loldi)=0D
 co    col          tanru inversion                           tanru inversi=
on operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumt=
i links  -=0D
 co'a          co'a initiative                                interval even=
t contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative                   >|<  =
  |      -         [beginning (=3D co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)=0D
 co'e  com     co'e unspecif bridi                            elliptical/un=
specified bridi relationship                                               =
         at   0=0D
 co'u          co'u cessative                                 interval even=
t contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative      |  >=
< |      -         [ending (=3D co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)=0D
 cokcu     cko      soak up                                   x1 soaks up/a=
bsorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant                     =
         as   2    (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)=0D
 condi con cno coi  deep                                      x1 is deep in=
 extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x=
4        6c  57    (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, mi=
nli)=0D
 cortu cor cro      pain                 'hurt'               x1 hurts/feel=
s pain/hurt at locus x2                                                    =
         4c  41    (cf. cinmo, xrani)=0D
 cpacu     cpa      get                  'acquire'            x1 gets/procu=
res/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not impl=
ied]     2b 143    [also fetch; accept a gift (=3D seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji=
, lebna, vimcu)=0D
 cpana              upon                                      x1 is upon/at=
op/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/grav=
ity x3   1e  63    (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati=
, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarj=
i, zbepi)=0D
 cpare par          climb                                     x1 climbs/cla=
mbers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]   =
         2b  56    (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)=0D
 cpedu     cpe      request                                   x1 requests/a=
sks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4                 =
         1h  72    [also demand (=3D mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression =
(cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an =
action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may =
be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frat=
i, se spuda, danfu)=0D
 cpina              pungent                                   x1 is pungent=
/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2                              =
         5c  35    [also prickly (=3D pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja=
, panci, sumne)=0D
 cradi              radio                                     x1 broadcasts=
/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] recei=
ver x4   as   0    [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)=0D
 crane     cra      front                                     x1 is anterio=
r/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x=
3        1e   0    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. se=
fta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)=0D
 creka cek          shirt                                     x1 is a shirt=
/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], mat=
erial x2 3f  13    (cf. taxfu)=0D
 crepu rep          harvest              'reap'               x1 (agent) ha=
rvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3           =
         as   2    (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)=0D
 cribe rib          bear                                      x1 is a bear/=
ursoid of species/breed x2                                                 =
         ai 125    (cf. danlu, mabru)=0D
 crida rid          fairy                                     x1 is a fairy=
/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religi=
on x2    ac   4    [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is =
presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especiall=
y for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)=0D
 crino         ri'o green                                     x1 is green/v=
erdant [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a  92    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)=0D
 cripu rip          bridge                                    x1 is a bridg=
e/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination f=
irst]    ao  37    (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)=0D
 crisa cis          summer                                    x1 is summer/=
summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3                          =
         3e  25    (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)=0D
 critu              autumn                                    x1 is autumn/=
fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3                    =
         3e   4    (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)=0D
 ctaru              tide                                      x1 is a tide =
[cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3                           =
         a    7    (cf. xamsi)=0D
 ctebi teb          lip                  'labial'             x1 is a/the l=
ip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial     =
         aa  10    (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)=0D
 cteki tek     ce'i tax                                       x1 is a tax/l=
evy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collecto=
r x4     8d   3    [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, =
turni)=0D
 ctile              petroleum            'oil'                x1 is a quant=
ity of petroleum/oil from source x2                                        =
         a    4    (cf. grasu)=0D
 ctino         ti'o shadow               'shade'              x1 is a shado=
w/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3                   =
         a   27    (cf. manku, gusni)=0D
 ctuca     ctu      teach                                     x1 teaches au=
dience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (ev=
ent)     1h  72    [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, =
professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre=
, tadni)=0D
 cukla cuk          round                'circular'           x1 is round/c=
ircular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring               =
         9b  16    [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis=
 on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji=
, bolci, tarmi)=0D
 cukta     cku      book                                      x1 is a book =
containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5     =
         1f 163    [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or i=
ts analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (=3D selpapri)]=
; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)=0D
 culno     clu      full                                      x1 is full/co=
mpletely filled with x2                                                    =
         2g  58    (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)=0D
 cumki cum     cu'i possible             'maybe'              x1 (event/sta=
te/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a m=
aybe     3j  78    [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)=0D
 cumla cul          humble               'humility'           x1 is humble/=
modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2               =
         9c   1    (cf. cinmo, jgira)=0D
 cunmi              millet                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)=0D
 cunso cun     cu'o random               'chance'             x1 is random/=
fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution=
 x3      7e  23    [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbit=
rary (also =3D cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredicta=
ble")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)=0D
 cuntu         cu'u affair                                    x1 is an affa=
ir/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's busine=
ss       8d   6    [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usu=
ally an abstraction) (=3D selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)=
=0D
 cupra     pra      produce                                   x1 produces x=
2 [product] by process x3                                                  =
         8f  22    (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)=0D
 curmi     cru      let                  'permit'             x1 (agent) le=
ts/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2   =
         8e  57    [sufficient condition (=3D crutcini), agent that permits=
 a situation (=3D tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre=
)=0D
 curnu cur          worm                                      x1 is a worm/=
invertebrate animal of species/breed x2                                    =
         ai  12    [also mollusk, snail (=3D cakcurnu), shellfish (=3D xask=
emcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because a=
lmost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, sil=
ka)=0D
 curve cuv          pure                                      x1 is pure/un=
adulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka)                         =
         7j   0    [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. pran=
e, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)=0D
 cusku cus sku      express                                   x1 (agent) ex=
presses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive m=
edium x4 1h 872    [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list=
 cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)=0D
 cutci cuc          shoe                                      x1 is a shoe/=
boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3   =
         3f  28    [also boot (=3D tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)=0D
 cutne cut          chest                                     x1 is a/the c=
hest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2                =
         aa  16    (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)=0D
 cuxna cux     cu'a choose                                    x1 chooses/se=
lects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)      =
         2f  77    [also prefer (=3D nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)=0D
 da    dav dza      something 1                               logically qua=
ntified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted=
)        5a   0=0D
 da'a  daz          all except                                digit/number:=
 all except n; all but n; (default 1)                                      =
         7e   0=0D
 dacru dac          drawer                                    x1 is a drawe=
r/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3  =
         ao  14    (cf. nilce, tanxe)=0D
 dacti         dai  object               'thing'              x1 is a mater=
ial object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing                           =
         1f  44    (cf. marji, xanri)=0D
 dadjo daj          Taoist                                    x1 pertains t=
o the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2                           =
         ac   3    (cf. lijda, jegvo)=0D
 dakfu dak          knife                                     x1 is a knife=
 (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3                          =
         1f  19    (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)=0D
 dakli              sack                                      x1 is a sack/=
bag with contents x2, and of material x3                                   =
         3f  27    (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)=0D
 damba dab     da'a fight                'combat'             x1 fights/com=
bats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant =
         8g  30    [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. b=
radi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)=0D
 damri              drum                                      x1 is a drum/=
cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2        =
         ak   9    (cf. rilti, zgike)=0D
 dandu dad          hang                 'dangle, suspend'    x1 hangs/dang=
les/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3                               =
         7j  54    [pendant (=3D dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning=
)] (cf. lasna, jorne)=0D
 danfu daf          answer                                    x1 is the ans=
wer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2                       =
         1h  58    (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive resp=
onse/reply, cpedu)=0D
 danlu dal     da'u animal                                    x1 is an anim=
al/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate                      =
         6c  61    (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, ma=
bru, bakni)=0D
 danmo dam          smoke                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2         =
         4h  31    [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)=0D
 danre         da'e pressure                                  x1 (force) pu=
ts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2                                 =
         a    3    [agentive press/depress (=3D da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf.=
 catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)=0D
 dansu              dance                                     x1 (individua=
l, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2                           =
         5g  55    (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)=0D
 danti dan          projectile                                x1 is a balli=
stic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launche=
r] x2    ao   6    [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. =
cecla, renro, jakne)=0D
 daplu     plu      island                                    x1 is an isla=
nd/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is ins=
ular     ap   3    (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)=0D
 dapma dap          curse                'damn'               x1 curses/dam=
ns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3                                          =
         a   22    [curse with a specific expression (=3D dapsku)]; (cf. ma=
bla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)=0D
 dargu dag          road                                      x1 is a road/=
highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)               =
         5d  69    [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelli=
ng]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)=0D
 darlu         dau  argue                                     x1 argues for=
 stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]                 =
         3j  57    (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, da=
mba, bradi, tavla)=0D
 darno dar     da'o far                                       x1 is far/dis=
tant from x2 in property x3 (ka)                                           =
         2g  69    (cf. jibni)=0D
 darsi              audacity             'dare'               x1 shows auda=
city/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/=
ka)      a    6    [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)=0D
 darxi dax     da'i hit                                       x1 hits/strik=
es/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4                =
         1g 105    (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pe=
ncu)=0D
 daski              pocket                                    x1 is a pocke=
t/pouch of/in garment/item x2                                              =
         3f  10    (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)=0D
 dasni das          wear                                      x1 wears/is r=
obed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3                                  =
         3f  71    [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike ta=
xfu)]; (cf. taxfu)=0D
 daspo     spo      destroy              'despoil'            x1 (event) de=
stroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive                         =
         4c  41    (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)=0D
 dasri     sri      ribbon                                    x1 is a ribbo=
n/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2                                    =
         3f  29    (cf. djine)=0D
 datka              duck                                      x1 is a duck/=
[drake] of species/breed x2                                                =
         ai  20    (cf. cipni)=0D
 datni              data                                      x1 (du'u) [fa=
ct/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by metho=
d x3     8b  14    [evidence (=3D velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)=
] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)=0D
 decti dec          .1                   metric 'deci'        x1 is a tenth=
 [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 degji deg          finger               'digit'              x1 is a/the f=
inger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: pen=
insula]  1c  15    [finger (=3D xandegji), toe (=3D jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi,=
 tamji, tance, xance),=0D
 dejni dej          owe                  'debt-or'            x1 owes x2 in=
 debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a d=
ebtor    8d   5    (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)=0D
 dekpu              gallon               'peck'               x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 sub=
units    al   0    [gallon (=3D likydekpu), quart (=3D likseldekpu), barrel=
 (wet =3D likybradekpu, dry =3D sudbradekpu), bushel (=3D sudydekpu), peck =
(=3D sudyseldekpu), cupful (=3D kabrydekpu), tablespoon (=3D mucydekpu); te=
aspoon (=3D mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish=
 the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the =
English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)];=
 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce=
, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)=0D
 dekto dek          10                   metric 'deka'        x1 is ten [10=
; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                 =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 delno del     de'o candela              'candle-power'       x1 is x2 cand=
ela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3              =
         af   0    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)=0D
 dembi deb          bean                                      x1 is a bean/=
pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2                                 =
         5b  47    (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)=0D
 denci den     de'i tooth                'dental'             x1 is a/the t=
ooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental                          =
         aa  30    (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dak=
fu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)=0D
 denmi dem          dense                                     x1 is dense/c=
oncentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3        =
         7j  48    (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)=0D
 denpa dep     de'a wait                 'pause'              x1 awaits/wai=
ts/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/=
process) 1h 112    [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming=
 x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)=0D
 dertu der     de'u dirt                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composi=
tion x3  ah 100    [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, whic=
h need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)=0D
 derxi     dre      heap                                      x1 is a heap/=
pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3                       =
         3m  15    (cf. cmana)=0D
 desku des          shake                                     x1 shakes/qua=
kes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2               =
         1g  46    [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to =
side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)=0D
 detri det          date                                      x1 is the dat=
e [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar =
x4       3e  29    (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by =
pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, j=
eftu, masti, nanca, tcika)=0D
 dicra dir          interrupt            'disturb, disrupt'   x1 (event) in=
terrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3=
         4d  60    [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, d=
enpa)=0D
 dikca dic          electric             'charge'             x1 is electri=
city [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. ne=
gative)  7g   4    [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarit=
y using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly)=
 negative (=3D dutydikca), positive (=3D mardikca); current (=3D (sel)muvdi=
kca; again default negative/electron current), charge (=3D klodikca, stadik=
ca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)=0D
 diklo     klo      local                                     x1 is local t=
o x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3                           =
         5d 426    [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g=
=2E a hits b.  What is the locality on b that a hits?  Thus x1 is associate=
d with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. =
cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)=0D
 dikni dik          regular              'cyclical'           x1 is regular=
/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3    =
         9b   6    [also uniform; resonant (=3D dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, ri=
lti, xutla, manfo, boxna)=0D
 dilcu              quotient             'division'           x1 is a quoti=
ent of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4   =
         7e   3    (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)=0D
 dilnu dil          cloud                                     x1 is a cloud=
/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4   =
         4h  28    (cf. carvi, tcima)=0D
 dimna dim          fate                 'doom'               x1 is a fate/=
destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doome=
d to x1  a    8    [fated/destined/doomed (=3D seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)=0D
 dinju dij     di'u building                                  x1 is a build=
ing/edifice for purpose x2                                                 =
         2k 153    (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)=0D
 dinko         di'o nail                                      x1 is a nail/=
tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of mat=
erial x3 ao   0    (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)=0D
 dirba dib          dear                                      x1 is dear/pr=
ecious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2                       =
         9d  18    [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydirba for unambiguous =
semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)=0D
 dirce         di'e radiate                                   x1 radiates/e=
mits x2 under conditions x3                                                =
         7j  14    (cf. gusni)=0D
 dirgo dig          drop                                      x1 is a drop =
[small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding materi=
al x3    4h  15    (cf. daplu, bidju)=0D
 dizlo diz dzi      low                                       x1 is low/dow=
n/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard heig=
ht x3    2d  91    [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above=
 a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gap=
ru, farna, loldi)=0D
 djacu jac     jau  water                'aqua-'              x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquat=
ic]      4h 106    [aquatic (=3D jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna,=
 litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)=0D
 djedi     dje dei  full day                                  x1 is x2 full=
 days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diu=
rnal     3e 159    [today (=3D cabdei); tomorrow (=3D bavlamdei); yesterday=
 (=3D prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)=0D
 djica     dji      desire                                    x1 desires/wa=
nts/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3                                 =
         3l 500    [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use =
tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo =3D po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, ne=
lci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)=0D
 djine jin          ring                                      x1 is a ring/=
annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside =
diam. x4 9b   6    [also ellipse, oval (=3D jincla); (usage has been for ne=
ar-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, =
belt, encircle (=3D jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri=
, konju)=0D
 djuno jun     ju'o know                                      x1 knows fact=
(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4                          =
         1h 375    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having t=
he ability to practice (=3D tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, =
na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe,=
 senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)=0D
 do    don     doi  you                                       pro-sumti: yo=
u listener(s); identified by vocative                                      =
         1d   0=0D
 donri dor     do'i daytime                                   x1 is the day=
time of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)  =
         3e  14    (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)=0D
 dotco dot     do'o German               'Deutsch'            x1 reflects G=
erman/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab  12    (cf. ropno)=0D
 draci              drama                                     x1 is a drama=
/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with ac=
tors x5  5g  19    [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, =
cfika)=0D
 drani     dra      correct              'right'              x1 is correct=
/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standar=
d x4     1h  91    (cf. srera, mapti)=0D
 drata dat          other                                     x1 isn't the-=
same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is somethi=
ng else  2g 351    (cf. mintu, frica)=0D
 drudi rud dru      roof                                      x1 is a roof/=
top/ceiling/lid of x2                                                      =
         2k  30    (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, ma=
pku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from =
other things above the drudi, mapku)=0D
 du    dub     du'o same identity as                          identity selb=
ri; =3D sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to s=
ame thing  1    0    [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic Engli=
sh copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)=0D
 du'u  dum          bridi abstract                            abstractor: p=
redication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentenc=
e x2     at   0    (cf. mintu, dunli)=0D
 dugri dug          logarithm                                 x1 is the log=
arithm of x2 with base x3                                                  =
         ar   1    (cf. tenfa)=0D
 dukse dus     du'e excess                                    x1 is an exce=
ss of/too much of x2 by standard x3                                        =
         3m 178    [cloying (=3D maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu,=
 ricfu, zmadu)=0D
 dukti dut          opposite             'contrary'           x1 is polar o=
pposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o)        =
         3j  20    (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)=0D
 dunda dud     du'a give                 'donate'             x1 [donor] gi=
ves/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/ex=
change]  2b 217    [also grants; x3 is a receiver (=3D terdu'a for reordere=
d places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession trans=
fer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, =
or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising=
 from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unam=
biguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, =
dapma, cnemu, prali)=0D
 dunja duj          freeze               'jell'               x1 freezes/je=
lls/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3                           =
         4h  27    (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)=0D
 dunku duk     du'u anguish                                   x1 is anguish=
ed/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2                           =
         4d  25    (cf. fengu, surla)=0D
 dunli dun     du'i equal                                     x1 is equal/c=
ongruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3                =
         6k  93    [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity);=
 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similar=
ity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, fr=
ica, simsa, mintu)=0D
 dunra dur          winter                                    x1 is winter/=
wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3                         =
         3e  18    (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)=0D
 dzena     dze      elder                                     x1 is an elde=
r/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's paren=
ts       4b  12    (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)=0D
 dzipo zip     zi'o Antarctican                               x1 reflects A=
ntarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                      =
         ab   5    (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)=0D
 facki fak     fa'i discover             'find'               x1 discovers/=
finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)     =
         4d 128    (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)=0D
 fadni fad          ordinary                                  x1 [member] i=
s ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (se=
t)       6f  14    [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property a=
mong set x3 (=3D selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla fo=
rms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu=
, lakne, tcaci, cnano)=0D
 fagri fag          fire                                      x1 is a fire/=
flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) =
         a   52    (cf. jelca, sacki)=0D
 falnu fan          sail                                      x1 is a sail =
for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3                   =
         ao   2    [waterwheel (=3D jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)=0D
 famti              aunt or uncle                             x1 is an aunt=
/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's ge=
neration 4b   2    (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)=0D
 fancu              function                                  x1 is a funct=
ion/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/=
rule x4  7e   0    (cf. mekso, bridi)=0D
 fange              alien                'foreign'            x1 is alien/f=
oreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)                       =
         6f  57    (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)=0D
 fanmo fam     fa'o end                  'final'              x1 is an end/=
finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completen=
ess]     2c  80    [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus=
 of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 termi=
nates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (=3D selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. kr=
asi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)=0D
 fanri              factory              'foundry'            x1 is a facto=
ry/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3            =
         8c   0    (cf. molki, gundi)=0D
 fanta              prevent                                   x1 prevents/k=
eeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring                    =
         8g  10    (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)=0D
 fanva              translate                                 x1 translates=
 text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result =
x5       1h  83    (cf. cusku, bangu)=0D
 fanza faz          annoy                                     x1 (event) an=
noys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2                                        =
         a   46    [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunt=
a, zunti, jicla)=0D
 fapro fap pro      oppose                                    x1 opposes/ba=
lances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (a=
bstract) a   17    [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, =
lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)=0D
 farlu fal     fa'u fall                                      x1 falls/drop=
s to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4                      =
         2b 141    [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well =
as gravity; (agentive "drop" =3D one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf=
=2E lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)=0D
 farna far     fa'a direction                                 x1 is the dir=
ection of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3           =
         5d  22    [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (=3D selfa'a for reordered pla=
ces)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, =
stici, purci, balvi, lidne)=0D
 farvi fav          develop              'evolve'             x1 develops/e=
volves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4                           =
         8f  16    (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)=0D
 fasnu         fau  event                'happen'             x1 (event) is=
 an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occu=
rrence   3b 234    (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, =
zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)=0D
 fatci fac          fact                                      x1 (du'u) is =
a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute                            =
         3j  38    (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cf=
ika, saske)=0D
 fatne fat     fa'e reverse                                   x1 [sequence]=
 is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (o=
bject)   3j  10    [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti=
)=0D
 fatri         fai  distribute                                x1 is distrib=
uted/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'=
u)       8c  22    [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribu=
tion (=3D fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, t=
cana)=0D
 febvi feb          boil                                      x1 boils/evap=
orates at temperature x2 and pressure x3                                   =
         a    9    [roil (=3D febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)=0D
 femti fem          1E-15                metric 'femto'       x1 is 1x10**-=
15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 fendi fed          divide                                    x1 (agent) di=
vides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partiti=
on x4    9b  50    [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna,=
 frinu)=0D
 fengu feg     fe'u angry                                     x1 is angry/m=
ad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)                                    =
         3c  40    (cf. fanza, dunku)=0D
 fenki fek          crazy                'frenzy'             x1 (action/ev=
ent) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2    =
         4d  15    (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)=0D
 fenra fer     fe'a crack                                     x1 is a crack=
/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2          =
         9b 106    (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)=0D
 fenso fen     fe'o sew                                       x1 sews/stitc=
hes/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filamen=
t x4     a    4    (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cil=
ta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)=0D
 fepni fep     fei  cent                 'penny'              x1 is measure=
d in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3    =
         5e  36    [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is gener=
ally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit pla=
ces may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupn=
u, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)=0D
 fepri              lung                 'pulmonary'          x1 is a/the l=
ung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] =
         aa   0    [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)=
=0D
 ferti     fre      fertile                                   x1 is fertile=
/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prol=
ific     a   15    [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential=
 and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, c=
ange)=0D
 festi fes          waste                                     x1(s) is/are =
waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity)                    =
         a   20    [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (=3D fesygau, fesyzu'=
e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)=0D
 fetsi fet     fe'i female               'fem-'               x1 is a femal=
e/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine   =
         4b  13    (cf. nakni)=0D
 figre fig          fig                                       x1 is a fig [=
fruit/tree] of species/strain x2                                           =
         aj   0    (cf. grute)=0D
 filso fis          Palestinian          'Philistine'         x1 reflects P=
alestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                =
         ab   1    (cf. jordo, xebro)=0D
 finpe fip     fi'e fish                 'fin'                x1 is a fish =
of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrat=
es]      5b  46    (cf. danlu)=0D
 finti fin     fi'i invent                                    x1 invents/cr=
eates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/id=
eas x4   8b 120    [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska,=
 pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)=0D
 flalu     fla      law                                       x1 is a law s=
pecifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver=
(s) x5   8d   5    [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legalit=
y (=3D selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinb=
e)=0D
 flani              flute                                     x1 is a flute=
/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument]               =
         ak   1    (cf. zgike)=0D
 flecu     fle      flow                 'flush'              x1 is a curre=
nt/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/so=
urce x4  a   85    [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (=
=3D selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (=3D caifle, =
sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xamp=
o, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)=0D
 fliba     fli      fail                 'baffle'             x1 fails at d=
oing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2                   =
         8g   4    [baffled (=3D pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among o=
ther senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to fai=
lure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, den=
pa, bebna, zunti)=0D
 flira fir          face                                      x1 is a/the f=
ace [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial                      =
         1c  45    (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)=0D
 fo'a          fo'a it-6                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   0=0D
 fo'e          fo'e it-7                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   0=0D
 fo'i          fo'i it-8                                      pro-sumti: he=
/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi)                                         =
         at   0=0D
 foldi     flo foi  field                                     x1 is a field=
 [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2          =
         9b  24    [also woods (=3D ricfoi), lawn/meadow (=3D sasfoi), brus=
h (=3D spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)=0D
 fonmo fom     fo'o foam                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3=
         a    1    (cf. zbabu)=0D
 fonxa fon          telephone                                 x1 is a telep=
hone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2                       =
         2n  40    (cf. tcana)=0D
 forca     fro      fork                                      x1 is a fork/=
fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support =
x4       5c  16    (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)=0D
 fraso fas          French               'France'             x1 reflects F=
rench/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                     =
         ab  19    (cf. ropno)=0D
 frati     fra      react                                     x1 reacts/res=
ponds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is resp=
onsive   2b  21    [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reacti=
on x2 (=3D terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (=3D te=
rfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)=0D
 fraxu fax          forgive                                   x1 forgives x=
2 for event/state/activity x3                                              =
         4d  25    (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)=0D
 frica fic          differ                                    x1 differs/is=
 distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x=
3        2g  46    [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, dra=
ta, dunli, simsa, vrici)=0D
 friko         fi'o African                                   x1 reflects A=
frican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                          =
         ab   3    (cf. ropno, xazdo)=0D
 frili fil          easy                 'freely'             x1 (action) i=
s easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/=
easily   1i  63    (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)=0D
 frinu              fraction                                  x1 is a fract=
ion, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3)                             =
         7e   1    (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)=0D
 friti fit          offer                                     x1 offers/pro=
ffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4                               =
         8d  12    [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional o=
ffering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a =
commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commod=
ities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D po=
sfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa,=
 vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)=0D
 frumu     fru      frown                                     x1 frowns/gri=
maces (facial expression)                                                  =
         4d   5    [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (=3D frufra)]; =
(cf. cmila, cisma)=0D
 fukpi fuk     fu'i copy                                      x1 is a copy/=
replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)  =
         8b   7    (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva); [borrowing (=3Dfu'ivla)]=0D
 fulta ful flu      float                                     x1 (passive) =
floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant                          =
         7f   7    (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)=0D
 funca fun     fu'a luck                 'fortune'            x1 (event/pro=
perty) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not impli=
ed)      4d  17    (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)=0D
 fusra fur          rotten               'rot'                x1 rots/decay=
s/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented=
         a    1    (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)=0D
 fuzme fuz     fu'e responsible                               x1 is respons=
ible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3     =
         8c  55    (cf. bilga)=0D
 gacri         gai  cover                                     x1 is a cover=
/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2                           =
         9f  83    (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)=
=0D
 gadri gad          article                                   x1 is an arti=
cle/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantic=
s x4     2a  11    [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descrip=
tor; description ((x1 with x2) =3D gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become=
 the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'det=
erminer' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether=
 a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (=
especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta=
, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introdu=
ce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE=
, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typica=
lly refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. =
valsi, cmavo)=0D
 galfi gaf     ga'i modify               'alter'              x1 (event) mo=
difies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3                       =
         2c  97    [causal, resultative change; agentive modification (=3D =
gafygau, gafyzu'e)]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessar=
ily causal change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)=0D
 galtu gal     ga'u high                                      x1 is high/up=
/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height =
x3       2d 123    [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above=
 a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cni=
ta, drudi, farna)=0D
 galxe              throat               'gullet'             x1 is a/the t=
hroat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep ho=
le]      aa   6    (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)=0D
 ganlo         ga'o closed                                    x1 (portal/pa=
ssage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x=
2 by x3  1e  28    [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membran=
e]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)=0D
 ganra gan          broad                                     x1 is broad/w=
ide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3        =
         6f  76    (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)=0D
 ganse gas     ga'e sense                                     x1 [observer]=
 senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditi=
ons x4   4d  70    [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, ma=
kes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessaril=
y any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a proper=
ty which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing,=
 and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of dis=
cernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection=
); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana=
, canci, simlu)=0D
 ganti              gonad                'testes'             x1 is a/the t=
estes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, g=
ender x3 aa   2    [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. =
plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)=0D
 ganxo gax          anus                 'asshole/arsehole'   x1 is a/the a=
nus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste=
 exit]   aa   4    [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (c=
f. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)=0D
 ganzu gaz          organize                                  x1 organizes =
x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(=
s) x4    8c  16    [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function whic=
h inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ci=
ste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)=0D
 gapci gac          gas                                       x1 is gaseous=
/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x=
3        6b   7    [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacr=
i, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)=0D
 gapru gap          above                'up'                 x1 is directl=
y/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3        =
         2d 202    (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)=0D
 garna gar          rail                 'bar'                x1 is a rail/=
railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3               =
         9b   0    (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)=0D
 gasnu         gau  do                                        x1 [person/ag=
ent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2             =
         2e 142    (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-=
agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)=0D
 gasta gat          steel                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2               =
         6b  19    (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)=0D
 genja gej          root                                      x1 is a root =
[body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishin=
g]       aj   2    (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)=0D
 gento get     ge'o Argentinian                               x1 reflects A=
rgentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                =
         ab   4    (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)=0D
 genxu gex          hook                                      x1 is a hook/=
crook [shape/form] of material x2                                          =
         ao   0    (cf. kruvi, korcu)=0D
 gerku ger     ge'u dog                                       x1 is a dog/c=
anine/[bitch] of species/breed x2                                          =
         ai 175    (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)=0D
 gerna gen     ge'a grammar                                   x1 is the gra=
mmar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3              =
         1h  91    (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)=0D
 gidva gid     gi'a guide                                     x1 (person/ob=
ject/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 =
(event)  5d  17    [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be=
 followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution =
of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to =
be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)=0D
 gigdo gig     gi'o 1E9                  metric 'giga'        x1 is a billi=
on [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is un=
its)     ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 ginka gik          camp                                      x1 is a camp/=
encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3                        =
         ap   0    (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)=0D
 girzu gir gri      group                                     x1 is group/c=
luster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relatio=
ns x4    7c  94    [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; member=
s x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluste=
r (=3D kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kans=
a, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)=0D
 gismu gim     gi'u root word                                 x1 is a (Lojb=
an) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es=
) x4     1b 554    [gismu list, if physical object (=3D (loi) gimste); refe=
rring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu=
 list =3D gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, =
sumti, tanru, valsi)=0D
 glare     gla      hot                  'warm'               x1 is hot/[wa=
rm] by standard x2                                                         =
         2g   0    [warm (=3D mligla), feverish (=3D bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)=
=0D
 gleki gek     gei  happy                'gay'                x1 is happy/g=
ay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)                               =
         3c 170    [adversity (=3D kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)=0D
 gletu let gle      copulate             'coitus'             x1 copulates/=
fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2                          =
         as  33    [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (=3D cpanygle)]; (cf.=
 cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)=0D
 glico gic gli      English                                   x1 is English=
/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2                         =
         1b  35    [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer=
 to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normall=
y requiring constraint =3D gligu'e, or simply redundancy =3D gligli-); Brit=
ish English, the norm language of the UK (=3D gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which=
 refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, s=
ralo, kadno, skoto)=0D
 gluta     glu      glove                                     x1 is a mitte=
n/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2                        =
         ao   0    [mitten (=3D degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)=0D
 gocti goc          1E-24                'yocto'              x1 is 1x10**-=
24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 gotro got          1E24                 'yotta'              x1 is 1x10**2=
4 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 gradu         rau  unit                 'degree, grad'       x1 [magnitude=
] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring prope=
rty x3   7e   0    [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, ka=
ntu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)=0D
 grake     gra      gram                                      x1 is x2 gram=
(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3                    =
         af   1    (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gi=
gdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, =
xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 grana         ga'a rod                                       x1 is a rod/p=
ole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2                           =
         9b  37    (cf. garna)=0D
 grasu ras          grease                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2                   =
         6b  10    (cf. ctile, matne, plana)=0D
 greku rek          frame                                     x1 is a frame=
/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of=
 x2      a    0    (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)=0D
 grusi rus          gray                                      x1 is gray [c=
olor adjective]                                                            =
         1a  48    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)=0D
 grute rut          fruit                                     x1 is a fruit=
 [body-part] of species x2                                                 =
         6c  19    (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, pl=
ise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimr=
e)=0D
 gubni gub          public                                    x1 is public/=
un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) =
         8c   7    (cf. sivni)=0D
 gugde gug     gu'e country                                   x1 is the cou=
ntry of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) =
         ab  81    [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nat=
ion (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra,=
 lanci)=0D
 gundi gud          industry                                  x1 is industr=
y/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/mean=
s x3     8c   0    (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)=0D
 gunka gun     gu'a work                                      x1 [person] l=
abors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3                     =
         8c 174    [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se ji=
bri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' =3D ni muvyselbai=
, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)=0D
 gunma gum          jointly              'mass'               x1 is a mass/=
team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointl=
y        5a  25    [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) dis=
played by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individua=
l set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily rele=
vant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu=
, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)=0D
 gunro gur     gu'o roll                 'trundle'            x1 rolls/trun=
dles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller        =
         as  10    (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)=0D
 gunse              goose                                     x1 is a goose=
/[gander] of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai   5    (cf. cipni)=0D
 gunta gut          attack                                    x1 (person/ma=
ss) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x=
3        8g  21    (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)=0D
 gurni     gru      grain                                     x1 is grain/[=
British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2                                =
         aj  71    (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, so=
bde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)=0D
 guska guk          scrape                                    x1 blade/scra=
per/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3                              =
         as   1    [abrade, abrasive (=3D mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, b=
atci, canpa, mosra)=0D
 gusni gus     gu'i illumine             'light'              x1 [energy] i=
s light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3                  =
         4d 151    [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2=
 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (=3D selgu'i for reor=
dered places); light/lamp (=3D tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ct=
ino, kantu)=0D
 gusta              restaurant                                x1 is a resta=
urant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3                    =
         5c  45    (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)=0D
 gutci guc          cubit                'foot'               x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits=
         al   0    [foot (=3D jmagutci); yard (=3D cibjmagutci), pace (=3D =
tapygutci), inch (=3D degygutci), cubit (=3D birgutci)]; (additional subuni=
t places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rot=
su, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)=0D
 gutra              womb                 'uterus'             x1 is a/the w=
omb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving bir=
th]      aa   2    (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)=0D
 guzme guz zme      melon                                     x1 is a melon=
/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   0    (cf. grute)=0D
 ja    jav          tanru or                                  logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought or                                      =
         7a   0=0D
 jabre              brake                                     x1 brakes/cau=
ses to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3          =
         as   0    (cf. mosra)=0D
 jadni jad     ja'i adorn                                     x1 (object) a=
dorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decora=
ted      3f  64    [fancy/decorated (=3D selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batk=
e)=0D
 jakne              rocket                                    x1 is a rocke=
t [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3              =
         ao   1    (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)=0D
 jalge jag     ja'e result                                    x1 (action/ev=
ent/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/pro=
cess)    6a  56    [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (=3D selja'e for reordered pl=
aces); total (general meaning, but also =3D mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]=
; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilj=
i, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)=0D
 jalna              starch                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x=
3        ah   1    (cf. patlu, samcu)=0D
 jalra              cockroach                                 x1 is a cockr=
oach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2                       =
         ai  13    [also grasshopper (=3D pipyjalra);  cricket (=3D sanjalr=
a); locust, termite (=3D mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches a=
re an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes gr=
asshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, m=
ore akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)=0D
 jamfu jaf jma      foot                                      x1 is a/the f=
oot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal =
         1c  47    (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)=0D
 jamna jam          war                                       x1 (person/ma=
ss) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2         =
         8g  17    (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)=0D
 janbe jab          bell                                      x1 is a bell/=
chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2  =
         ao   0    [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a be=
ll); resonates (one sense, =3D jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)=
=0D
 janco jan          shoulder                                  x1 is a/the s=
houlder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3       =
         aa  22    (cf. birka)=0D
 janli jal          collide                                   x1 collides w=
ith/crashes/bumps/runs into x2                                             =
         4c  19    (also collide =3D simjanli for a collision between two m=
oving objects); (cf. darxi)=0D
 jansu jas          diplomat             'consul'             x1 is a diplo=
mat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose=
 x4      a    0    [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (=3D ralja=
nsu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)=0D
 janta jat          account                                   x1 is an acco=
unt/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4                 =
         5g   4    (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)=0D
 jarbu              suburb                                    x1 is a subur=
ban area of city/metropolis x2                                             =
         a    9    (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)=0D
 jarco         ja'o show                                      x1 (agent) sh=
ows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3  =
         8c  85    [reveal (=3D tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 sh=
ows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with=
 a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presen=
ce) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be=
 expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, la=
nli, mipri, simlu)=0D
 jarki jak          narrow                                    x1 is narrow =
in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3            =
         6f  37    (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)=0D
 jaspu jap          passport                                  x1 is a passp=
ort issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity)           =
         ao   2    (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)=0D
 jatna         ja'a captain                                   x1 is captain=
/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2                      =
         a    1    (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)=
=0D
 javni     jva      rule                                      x1 is a rule =
prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3=
         7e  11    [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirem=
ent (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within =
x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list=
 ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)=0D
 jbama bam          bomb                                      x1 is a bomb/=
explosive device with explosive material/principle x2                      =
         ao   0    (cf. cecla, spoja)=0D
 jbari     jba      berry                                     x1 is a berry=
 (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2                                         =
         5b  12    (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)=0D
 jbena     jbe      born                 'bear'               x1 is born to=
 x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x=
4        4b  77    [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. f=
ange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)=0D
 jbera jer          borrow                                    x1 (agent) bo=
rrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 =
         3m   6    [credit (=3D jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quali=
ty as a chameleon does (=3D zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, j=
anta, zivle)=0D
 jbini bin     bi'i between                                   x1 is between=
/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (=
ka)      2d  28    [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the boun=
ds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, =
bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)=0D
 jdari jar          firm                 'hard'               x1 is firm/ha=
rd/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3                    =
         6f  55    (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)=0D
 jdice     jdi      decide                                    x1 (person) d=
ecides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state)              =
         2f  83    (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)=0D
 jdika              decrease                                  x1 (experienc=
er) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by am=
ount x3  a    5    (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)=0D
 jdima         di'a price                                     x1 [amount] i=
s the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4                =
         8d  15    [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posydi'a, posyseldi'a for =
unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and i=
s closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note th=
at price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchang=
ed in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "=
value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, a=
t least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the mar=
ketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for=
 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, ru=
pnu, sfasa, vamji)=0D
 jdini din     di'i money                'dinero'             x1 is money/c=
urrency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fisca=
l        5e  44    ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (=3D =
pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)=0D
 jduli dul jdu      jelly                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2      =
         ah   1    [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)=0D
 je    jev jve      tanru and                                 logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought and                                     =
         7a   0=0D
 jecta jec     je'a polity               'state'              x1 is a polit=
y/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] =
         ab  10    [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra,=
 turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)=0D
 jeftu jef          week                                      x1 is x2 week=
s in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3                           =
         3e  33    [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, cla=
ssically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week=
 (=3D cabjeftu); next week (=3D bavlamjeftu); last week (=3D prulamjeftu)];=
 (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)=0D
 jegvo jeg     je'o Jehovist                                  x1 pertains t=
o the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect =
x2       ac  24    [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)=0D
 jei   jez          truth abstract                            abstractor: t=
ruth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2   =
         7a   0    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]=0D
 jelca jel          burn                                      x1 burns/[ign=
ites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3          =
         a    9    [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (=
=3D jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually =3D jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf.=
 fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)=0D
 jemna     jme      gem                                       x1 is a gem/p=
olished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3            =
         6c  30    [also jewel (=3D jmeja'i); gemstone (=3D x2, x3, or jmer=
o'i, jmekunra); pearl (=3D selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercaky=
jme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-o=
f-pearl (=3D cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulj=
i)=0D
 jenca jen          shock                                     x1 (event) sh=
ocks/stuns x2                                                              =
         4c  20    (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)=0D
 jendu jed          axle                 'spindle'            x1 is an axle=
/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3             =
         ao   1    (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)=0D
 jenmi jem     jei  army                                      x1 (mass) is =
an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)        =
         a   13    (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)=0D
 jerna              earn                                      x1 (agent/per=
son) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activ=
ity)     8c   8    [also x2 earnings, reward (=3D zanseljerna or nemjerna),=
 punishment/comeuppance (=3D sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (=
=3D terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, o=
r a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising =
=66rom ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posyjerna, posyseljerna for u=
nambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jing=
a, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)=0D
 jersi         je'i chase                'pursue'             x1 chases/pur=
sues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2   =
         as  24    [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)=
=0D
 jerxo jex          Algerian                                  x1 reflects A=
lgerian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)=0D
 jesni jes          needle                                    x1 is a needl=
e [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2                            =
         ao   2    (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)=0D
 jetce         je'e jet                                       x1 is a jet [=
expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3                           =
         a    3    (cf. sputu, vamtu)=0D
 jetnu jet     je'u true                                      x1 (du'u) is =
true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2                         =
         3j  59    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)=0D
 jgalu         ja'u claw                 'talon'              x1 is a/the c=
law/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical=
 weapon] aa   2    (cf. denci, jirna, batci)=0D
 jganu     jga      angle                                     x1 is an angl=
e [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] =
x3       7e   1    [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3=
 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)=0D
 jgari         jai  grasp                'grip'               x1 grasps/hol=
ds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part o=
f x2)    5g  60    [hug (=3D birjai, pamjai); embrace (=3D xadjai); handsha=
ke (=3D xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (=3D veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, p=
encu, darxi, batke, rinju)=0D
 jgena     jge      knot                                      x1 is a knot/=
tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects)                                 =
         a    0    [knot (verb =3D jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot=
: fastening between two or more cords (=3D jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne,=
 lasna, skori)=0D
 jgina gin          gene                                      x1 is a gene =
of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3         =
         a    1    [also chromosome =3D (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)=0D
 jgira     jgi      pride                                     x1 (person) f=
eels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction)                                   =
         9d   4    [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/es=
teem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specifi=
c tie to emoter; self-pride (=3D se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride =
in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, s=
inma, snada)=0D
 jgita git          guitar               'guitar'             x1 is guitar/=
violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow=
 x2      ak   1    [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)=0D
 jibni     jbi      near                                      x1 is near/cl=
ose to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)                     =
         2d  95    (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, ba=
rtu, diklo, stuzi)=0D
 jibri jib          job                                       x1 is a job/o=
ccupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of pe=
rson x2  2n  45    [working for another (=3D selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gun=
ka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically =
for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not n=
ecessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for in=
cidental activities)=0D
 jicla              stir                                      x1 (object, o=
r event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2         =
         as   8    [convection (=3D nenflejicla); agentive stirring (=3D ji=
clygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)=0D
 jicmu     cmu      basis                                     x1 is a basis=
/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom =
of x2    7j  56    [x2 is founded on basis x1 (=3D selcmu for reordered pla=
ces); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and pr=
operties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bo=
ttoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)=0D
 jijnu jij          intuit                                    x1 (person) i=
ntuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology]                          =
         7j   1    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)=0D
 jikca jik          socialize            'social'             x1 interacts/=
behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2        =
         2n 170    (cf. tarti, penmi)=0D
 jikru              liquor                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2                =
         2j   3    (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)=0D
 jilka jil          alkali                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2         =
         6f   2    [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)=
=0D
 jilra              jealous                                   x1 (person) i=
s jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka)               =
         9d   4    (cf. cinmo)=0D
 jimca jic          branch               'limb'               x1 is a branc=
h/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical=
 birka]  6c  22    [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)=0D
 jimpe     jmi      understand           'comprehend'         x1 understand=
s/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3=
         1h 148    (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)=0D
 jimte jit          limit                                     x1 is a limit=
/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3            =
         7e  15    [restrain/constrain within limits (=3D jitri'u, jitygau,=
 jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi=
, fanta, jbini)=0D
 jinci              shears                                    x1 is a pair =
of shears/scissors for cutting x2                                          =
         6f   5    (cf. katna)=0D
 jinga jig     ji'a win                  'gain'               x1 (person/te=
am) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4=
         8g  71    [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here ar=
e opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those c=
ompeting for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an ev=
ent, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-ra=
ising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posyji'a, posyselji'a for=
 unambiguous semantics)];  (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, s=
fasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)=0D
 jinku              vaccine                                   x1 is a vacci=
ne/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by m=
ethod x4 a    0    [also serum; inoculation (=3D jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. ju=
rme, mikce, jesni, bilma)=0D
 jinme jim          metal                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2       =
         ah   6    [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu,=
 margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodv=
a)=0D
 jinru jir          immerse                                   x1 (object/pe=
rson) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2                            =
         6c  11    [take a bath/bathe (=3D jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri,=
 jinsa)=0D
 jinsa jis          clean                                     x1 (object) i=
s clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3                =
         5g  14    (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)=0D
 jinto              well                                      x1 is a well/=
spring of fluid x2 at location x3                                          =
         a   12    (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)=0D
 jinvi jiv     ji'i opine                                     x1 thinks/opi=
nes x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4       =
         3l 161    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, =
pinka)=0D
 jinzi jiz          innate                                    x1 (property =
- ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2=
         7j  10    (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)=0D
 jipci              chicken                                   x1 is a chick=
en/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2      =
         5b  18    (cf. cipni)=0D
 jipno jip     ji'o tip                  'point'              x1 is a tip/p=
oint/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3=
         9b   3    (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)=0D
 jirna              horn                                      x1 is a/the h=
orn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity]                       =
         ai   9    (cf. jgalu, bongu)=0D
 jisra              juice                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2             =
         2j   6    [water-based extract from a (generally) biological sourc=
e] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)=0D
 jitfa jif          false                                     x1 (du'u) is =
false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2                =
         3j  15    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)=0D
 jitro     tro      control                                   x1 has contro=
l over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performa=
nce)     8c  26    [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/e=
vent x3; manage (=3D selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu=
'e) (as distinct from manager/boss =3D gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'=
i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessar=
ily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, tu=
rni, vlipa, xance, xlura)=0D
 jivbu              weave                                     x1 weaves x2 =
=66rom material/[yarn] x3                                                  =
           as   0    (cf. fenso, nivji)=0D
 jivna     jvi      compete              'rival'              x1 competes/v=
ies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 riva=
ls x2    8g  48    [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 compet=
ition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or externa=
l)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)=0D
 jmaji jaj          gather                                    x1 (mass/jo'u=
) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u)            =
         3m  26    [also focus (=3D seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)=0D
 jmifa              shoal                'reef'               x1 is a shoal=
 [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3                  =
         a    0    [rapids (=3D ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)=0D
 jmina min          add                  'augment'            x1 adds/combi=
nes x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3             =
         5c  52    (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)=0D
 jmive miv     ji'e live                                      x1 lives/is a=
live by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing                        =
         4c 149    [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, =
stuzi, zvati, xabju)=0D
 jo    jov          tanru iff                                 logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if        =
         7a   0=0D
 jo'e  jom          union                                     non-logical c=
onnective: union of sets                                                   =
         at   0=0D
 jo'u          jo'u in common with                            non-logical c=
onnective: in common with; along with (unmixed)                            =
         -=0D
 joi   jol     joi  in a mass with                            non-logical c=
onnective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mas=
s        aq   0=0D
 jordo jor     jo'o Jordanian                                 x1 reflects J=
ordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                  =
         ab   1    (cf. filso)=0D
 jorne jon     jo'e joined                                    x1 is joined =
to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union =
         6f  34    [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x=
3/with fastener x3; fastener (=3D jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of=
 joined objects (=3D jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequ=
ence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)=0D
 ju    juv          tanru whether                             logical conne=
ctive: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not                          =
         7a   0=0D
 jubme jub jbu      table                                     x1 is a table=
/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x=
3        1f  49    (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)=0D
 judri              address                                   x1 is an addr=
ess of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3                                  =
         5d  25    (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)=0D
 jufra juf     ju'a sentence             'phrase'             x1 (text) is =
a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x=
3        1h 111    [phrase (=3D jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. v=
alsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)=0D
 jukni juk          spider               'arachnid'           x1 is a spide=
r/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed =
x2       ai  11    (cf. cinki, danlu)=0D
 jukpa jup          cook                                      x1 cooks/prep=
ares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)                      =
         5c  57    [cook with heat (=3D glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (=3D t=
okyjukpa); fry (=3D rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)=0D
 julne         ju'e net                                       x1 is a net/f=
ilter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties=
 x4      ao   3    [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)=0D
 jundi jud     ju'i attentive            'attend'             x1 is attenti=
ve towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2                =
         4d  76    (cf. kurji, zvati)=0D
 jungo jug          Chinese                                   x1 reflects C=
hinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspe=
ct x2    ab  10    (cf. xazdo)=0D
 junla jul          clock                                     x1 is clock/w=
atch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/me=
thod x4  3e   5    [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci=
)=0D
 junri jur          serious                                   x1 (person) i=
s serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity)              =
         9d  12    [also solemn (=3D drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf.=
 tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)=0D
 junta              weight                                    x1 is the wei=
ght of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3                =
         9b   0    (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)=0D
 jurme jum          germ                                      x1 is a bacte=
ria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining prope=
rty x2   ai   1    (cf. vidru)=0D
 jursa jus          severe               'harsh'              x1 (event/act=
ion/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer]                      =
         4c  13    (cf. gunta, vlile)=0D
 jutsi jut          species                                   x1 is a speci=
es of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization]=
         ai  30    [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspo=
nd to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bush=
ier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a plac=
e thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hier=
archy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf.=
 klesi, lanzu)=0D
 juxre jux          clumsy               'awkward'            x1 (action) i=
s clumsy/awkward by standard x2                                            =
         5g  16    (cf. sluji, muvdu)=0D
 jvinu vin     ji'u view                                      x1 is the vie=
w/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view =
x3       6c  18    [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, vis=
ka, canko, jarco)=0D
 ka    kam          property abstract                         abstractor: p=
roperty/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [br=
idi]     3b   0    (cf. ckaji)=0D
 kabri              cup                                       x1 is a cup/g=
lass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3  =
         2j  88    [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta i=
s not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)=0D
 kacma              camera                                    x1 is a camer=
a/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3=
         6c  12    (cf. lenjo)=0D
 kadno              Canadian                                  x1 reflects C=
anadian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   2    (cf. bemro, glico)=0D
 kafke              cough                                     x1 coughs/far=
ts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3                 =
         4c   5    (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)=0D
 kagni kag          company                                   x1 is a compa=
ny/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3   =
         8c  25    [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kans=
a, kamni, banxa, bende)=0D
 kajde     jde      warn                 'caution'            x1 (event/exp=
erience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/propert=
y)       4c  42    [agentive warning (=3D jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to w=
arn which may not succeed (=3D jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, =
nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)=0D
 kajna              shelf                'counter'            x1 is a shelf=
/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3        =
         a    2    (cf. balni)=0D
 kakne         ka'e able                 'can'                x1 is able to=
 do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/s=
tate)    2e 154    [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (=3D pli=
ka'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo =
list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)=0D
 kakpa              dig                                       x1 (agent) di=
gs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4          =
         6f  29    [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. kat=
na, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)=0D
 kalci              feces                'shit'               x1 is a/the f=
eces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (m=
atter)   aa   0    [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)=0D
 kalri kar          open                                      x1 (portal/pa=
ssage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 b=
y x3     1e  90    [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)=0D
 kalsa kas          chaotic                                   x1 is chaotic=
/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)                                     =
         a   29    (cf. cunso, cnici)=0D
 kalte kat          hunt                                      x1 hunts/stal=
ks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3                                      =
         as  15    [also verb: to fish (=3D fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, =
sisku, rivbi)=0D
 kamju              column                                    x1 is a colum=
n/pillar of material x2                                                    =
         a   18    [spine (=3D bogykamju), vertebra (=3D kamjybo'u)]; (cf. =
ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)=0D
 kamni              committee                                 x1 (mass) is =
a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3                                =
         8d  11    [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (=3D trukamni, grit=
rukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)=0D
 kampu         kau  common                                    x1 (property =
- ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set)   =
         6f  24    (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, si=
mxu)=0D
 kanba              goat                 'kid, billy, baa'    x1 is a goat/=
angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2                                =
         ai   2    (cf. lanme, sunla)=0D
 kancu kac          count                                     x1 (agent) co=
unts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x=
4        3a  24    (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)=0D
 kandi kad          dim                                       x1 is dim/dul=
l/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 =
         1a  39    [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though =
blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, lin=
to, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, n=
arju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)=0D
 kanji kaj          calculate            'reckon'             x1 calculates=
/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4         =
         7e   0    (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)=0D
 kanla kal          eye                  'ocular'             x1 is a/the e=
ye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocu=
lar      1c   0    [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)=0D
 kanro         ka'o healthy                                   x1 is healthy=
/fit/well/in good health by standard x2                                    =
         4c  35    (cf. bilma, mikce)=0D
 kansa kan          with                 'accompany'          x1 is with/ac=
companies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/sta=
te)      2g 228    [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, g=
unma, girzu, lasna)=0D
 kantu         ka'u quantum                                   x1 is a quant=
um/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activi=
ty x2    7j   9    [quantum ray (=3D bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and m=
ost objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)=0D
 kanxe kax          conjunction                               x1 is a conju=
nction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true                 =
         7a   5    (cf. vlina)=0D
 karbi kab          compare                                   x1 [observer]=
 compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)=
         7e   3    (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)=0D
 karce              car                                       x1 is a car/a=
utomobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by=
 x3      4d 121    (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)=0D
 karda              card                                      x1 is a card =
[small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3           =
         9b   2    (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita=
)=0D
 kargu              costly                                    x1 (object/co=
mmodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3      =
         5e  55    [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an eve=
nt, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-rai=
sing from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D poskargu for unambiguous s=
emantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, je=
mna, sfasa, vecnu)=0D
 karli              collar                                    x1 is a colla=
r/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3                 =
         a    1    [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)=0D
 karni              journal                                   x1 is a journ=
al/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audi=
ence x4  8b  56    [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single=
 subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so thi=
s need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)=0D
 katna         ka'a cut                                       x1 (tool/blad=
e/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3          =
         5c  25    [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acti=
ng upon a blade; agentive cutting (=3D ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, s=
raku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, =
tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)=0D
 kavbu kav          capture              'catch'              x1 captures/c=
atches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3                    =
         8e  33    [catch something thrown (=3D rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kal=
te, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)=0D
 ke    kem          start grouping                            start groupin=
g of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping    =
         3b   0    (cf. cmavo list ke'e)=0D
 ke'e  kep     ke'e end grouping                              elidable term=
inator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable)             =
         3b   0    (cf. cmavo list ke)=0D
 kecti kec     ke'i pity                                      x1 (person) p=
ities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction)                   =
         4c  23    (cf. cinmo, xendo)=0D
 kei   kez          end abstraction                           elidable term=
inator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable)                             =
         3b   0=0D
 kelci kel     kei  play                                      x1 [agent] pl=
ays with plaything/toy x2                                                  =
         9c 116    [play game (=3D ci'erkei), play competitively (=3D jvike=
i)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)=0D
 kelvo         ke'o kelvin                                    x1 is x2 degr=
ee(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3    =
         af   1    (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, go=
tro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, =
xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 kenra ken          cancer                                    x1 is a cance=
r [malignant disease] in x2                                                =
         a    0    (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)=0D
 kensa kes          outer space                               x1 is outer s=
pace near/associated with celestial body/region x2                         =
         am   3    (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)=0D
 kerfa     kre      hair                                      x1 is a/the h=
air/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3                              =
         1c  60    (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)=0D
 kerlo ker          ear                  'aural, earlobe'     x1 is a/the e=
ar [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] =
         1c  16    [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, ti=
rna, ractu)=0D
 ketco ket tco      South American       'Quechua'            x1 reflects S=
outh American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                   =
         ab   7    (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)=0D
 kevna kev     ke'a cavity               'cave'               x1 is a cavit=
y/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus =
x1       6c 148    [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (=3D selke'a)];=
 (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)=0D
 kicne kic     ki'e cushion                                   x1 cushions x=
2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material=
 x3      an   7    (cf. ckana, matci)=0D
 kijno kij          oxygen                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustio=
n]       ag   1    (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)=0D
 kilto         ki'o 1000                 metric 'kilo'        x1 is a thous=
and [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)        =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro, minli)=0D
 kinli kil          sharp                'keen'               x1 is sharp/k=
een at locus x2                                                            =
         7j   7    (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)=0D
 kisto kis          Pakistani                                 x1 reflects P=
akistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                  =
         ab   1    (cf. xurdo)=0D
 klaji laj          street               'avenue'             x1 is a stree=
t/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3         =
         5d  23    [also corridor; not typically a route between points, bu=
t offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)=0D
 klaku kak          weep                                      x1 weeps/crie=
s tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state)                               =
         4c  27    (cf. badri, krixa)=0D
 klama     kla      come                                      x1 comes/goes=
 to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5      =
         1g1399    [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; =
x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to cons=
train the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu=
, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)=0D
 klani         lai  quantity                                  x1 is a quant=
ity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o)   =
         3b  31    [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)=0D
 klesi     kle lei  class                                     x1 (mass/si'o=
) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (=
ka)      7c  63    [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family=
, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, =
vrici)=0D
 klina     kli      clear                                     x1 (object/me=
dium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmissio=
n]       7j  32    [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative=
 use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as =3D filseljmi=
)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')=0D
 kliru              chlorine                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, =
etc.]    ag   3    [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)=0D
 kliti kit          clay                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition includi=
ng x2    ah   4    (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)=0D
 klupe lup     lu'e screw                                     x1 is a screw=
 [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, mate=
rial] x4 a    0    [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)=0D
 kluza luz          loose                'blouse'             x1 (obj.) is =
loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3                           =
         3f   6    (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)=0D
 kobli kob     ko'i cabbage              'cole-'              x1 is a quant=
ity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2                =
         aj   2    (cf. stagi)=0D
 kojna koj     ko'a corner                                    x1 is a corne=
r/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of mate=
rial x3  9b  13    [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need=
 not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some dir=
ection; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo=
, jganu, krasi)=0D
 kolme kol     ko'e coal                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2  =
         ah   3    (cf. tabno, tarla)=0D
 komcu kom          comb                                      x1 is a comb =
[many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3                  =
         ao   1    (cf. julne, forca, burcu)=0D
 konju kon     ko'u cone                                      x1 is a cone =
[shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3                                 =
         9b   0    [also ellipse, ellipsoid (=3D konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, dj=
ine, sovda, kojna, jganu)=0D
 korbi kor     koi  edge                 'border, curb'       x1 is an edge=
/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3                 =
         9b  43    (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)=
=0D
 korcu     kro      bent                 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) =
x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded                 =
         6f  10    (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, ge=
nxu)=0D
 korka kok          cork                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material]      =
         ah   1    (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)=0D
 kosta kos          coat                                      x1 is a coat/=
jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of materia=
l x2     3f  23    (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)=0D
 kramu              acre                                      x1 is x2 loca=
l area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits        =
         af   0    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...);=
 (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)=0D
 krasi     kra      source               'origin'             x1 (site/even=
t) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process)         =
         2c 156    [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initia=
l]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, =
jicmu, sitna, jinto)=0D
 krati         ka'i represent            'proxy'              x1 represents=
/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3   =
         8c   9    [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni=
, vipsi, pulji)=0D
 krefu ref     ke'u recur                                     x1 (event) is=
 the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [for=
m] x1    7j  56    [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, o=
ccasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)=0D
 krici     kri      believe              'creed'              x1 believes [=
without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subjec=
t x3     3l  99    ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidenc=
e; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, m=
alsi, senpi, birti)=0D
 krili              crystal                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3=
         ah   5    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)=0D
 krinu rin     ki'u reason                                    x1 (event/sta=
te) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/=
state)   6a  73    (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cma=
vo list ki'u, bapli)=0D
 krixa kix     ki'a cry out                                   x1 cries out/=
yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier                                        =
         4c  53    (cf. klaku, bacru)=0D
 kruca kuc          intersect            'cross'              x1 intersects=
/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3                                          =
         5d  31    (cf. cripu, ragve)=0D
 kruji ruj          cream                                     x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of compositio=
n x2     2j  18    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)=0D
 kruvi ruv kru      curve                                     x1 is a curve=
/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4  =
         5d   4    [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is su=
fficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf=
=2E korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)=0D
 ku'a  kuz          intersection                              non-logical c=
onnective: intersection of sets                                            =
         at   0=0D
 kubli kub          cube                                      x1 is a cube/=
regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (de=
f. 6)    9b   3    (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical obj=
ect; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)=0D
 kucli              curious                                   x1 is curious=
/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)   =
         9d  31    [inquisitive (=3D retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinr=
i)=0D
 kufra kuf          comfort                                   x1 feels comf=
ort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2          =
         9d  34    (cf. cinmo)=0D
 kukte kuk          delicious            'cooked, tasty'      x1 is delicio=
us/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity]     =
         2j  24    [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)=0D
 kulnu     klu      culture                                   x1 [mass of i=
deas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is et=
hnic     ab  45    [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is sha=
red among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cm=
avo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)=0D
 kumfa kum     ku'a room                                      x1 is a room =
of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo=
'u)      2k 346    [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)=0D
 kumte              camel                                     x1 is a camel=
/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2                         =
         ai   3    [llama (=3D tcokumte), Bactrian camel (=3D zdokumte); Ar=
abian camel/dromedary (=3D rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)=0D
 kunra kun          mineral              'mined'              x1 is/contain=
s/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine=
 x3      6c   5    (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)=0D
 kunti kut          empty                'vacant'             x1 [container=
] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow                           =
         2g  54    [also vacuum (=3D kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, ti=
sna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)=0D
 kurfa kur          square                                    x1 is a right=
-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2)=
         9b   2    [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (=3D kubyku=
rfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (=3D kurkubli), rectangle (=3D clakurfa), rhombus/=
diamond (=3D sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, =
tarmi)=0D
 kurji kuj     ku'i take care of         'care'               x1 takes-care=
-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/p=
erson)   2l  49    [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian =
of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)=0D
 kurki              bitter               'acrid'              x1 is bitter/=
acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2                            =
         6f   6    (cf. titla, slari)=0D
 kuspe kup     ku'e range                'span'               x1 ranges/ext=
ends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/rang=
e x2     9b   5    [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu=
, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)=0D
 kusru kus          cruel                                     x1 (person) i=
s cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2                                           =
         9c  21    (cf. xendo, jursa)=0D
 labno              wolf                 'lobo'               x1 is a wolf/=
lupine of species/breed x2                                                 =
         ai   3    (cf. gerku)=0D
 lacpu lap cpu      pull                                      x1 pulls/tugs=
/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3                                      =
         8h  19    [gravity (=3D ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci=
, cokcu)=0D
 lacri lac          rely                                      x1 relies/dep=
ends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)   =
         8c  16    (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)=0D
 ladru lad          milk                 'lactic'             x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/d=
airy     2j  16    (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)=0D
 lafti laf          lift                                      x1 (force) li=
fts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4  =
         8h  36    [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (=3D l=
afmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)=0D
 lakne         la'e probable             'likely'             x1 (event/sta=
te/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2                        =
         6f  30    (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cn=
ano)=0D
 lakse lak          wax                                       x1 is quantit=
y of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2     =
         a    1    [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)=0D
 lalxu         la'u lake                 'lagoon'             x1 is a lake/=
lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2                                    =
         6c  61    (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)=0D
 lamji lam     la'i adjacent                                  x1 is adjacen=
t/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4=
         2d  63    [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana,=
 jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)=0D
 lanbi              protein              'albumin'            x1 is a quant=
ity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u)  =
         aj   2    (cf. ladru, sovda)=0D
 lanci              flag                 'banner'             x1 is a flag/=
banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4        =
         ao   0    (cf. gugde, jecta)=0D
 lanka              basket                                    x1 is a baske=
t with contents x2, woven from material x3                                 =
         ao   0    (cf. vasru, baktu)=0D
 lanli lal          analyze                                   x1 analyzes/e=
xamines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity]      =
         8c  21    (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)=0D
 lanme lan          sheep                'lanolin, lamb'      x1 is a sheep=
/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3                            =
         ai   2    (cf. kanba, sunla)=0D
 lante              can                                       x1 is a can/t=
ightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3  =
         5c   5    (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)=0D
 lanxe lax          balance                                   x1 is in bala=
nce/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass)                                     =
         7j   5    (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, =
nutli)=0D
 lanzu laz          family               'clan'               x1 (mass) is =
a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard=
 x3      4b  44    [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanz=
u for reordered places); relative (=3D lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da=
 poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)=0D
 larcu lar          art                                       x1 (process) =
is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity)         =
         8c  11    [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)=
=0D
 lasna         la'a fasten               'lash'               x1 (agent) fa=
stens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4             =
         3f  17    [no implication that result is considered a single objec=
t; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, =
the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jg=
ena, batke, dinko, kansa)=0D
 lastu              brass                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition includi=
ng x2    ah   7    [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)=
=0D
 latmo         la'o Latin                                     x1 reflects L=
atin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2                    =
         ab  13    (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)=0D
 latna              lotus                                     x1 is a lotus=
, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion=
 x4      aj   1    (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)=0D
 lazni              lazy                                      x1 (person) i=
s lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2                           =
         a    9    (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)=0D
 le'e  lem          the stereotypical                         non-veridical=
 descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ...                      =
         at   0=0D
 lebna leb     le'a take                                      x1 takes/gets=
/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor)   =
         2b  81    [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition s=
uch that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, aliena=
tion is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession i=
s not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain poss=
ession, canci, cliva)=0D
 lenjo len     le'o lens                                      x1 is a lens/=
glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/materia=
l x4     ao   4    [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or=
 otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is lig=
ht/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)=0D
 lenku lek          cold                 'cool'               x1 is cold/co=
ol by standard x2                                                          =
         2g  52    (cf. glare, bisli)=0D
 lerci lec          late                                      x1 (event) is=
 late by standard x2                                                       =
         2g  31    (cf. clira)=0D
 lerfu ler     le'u letteral                                  x1 (la'e zo B=
Y/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representi=
ng x3    3a 215    [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), =
x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by a=
nalogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu=
, sinxa, pandi)=0D
 li'i  liz          experience abstract                       abstractor: e=
xperience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or obse=
rver)    -         (cf. lifri)=0D
 libjo lib          Libyan                                    x1 reflects L=
ibyan culture/nationality in aspect x2                                     =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)=0D
 lidne         li'e precede              'leader'             x1 precedes/l=
eads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/follo=
wing     8c  50    [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading ind=
icators'; x2 after, trailing (=3D selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cma=
vo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, j=
atna, farna)=0D
 lifri lif fri      experience           'life'               x1 [person/pa=
ssive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 =
         2n 148    [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 =
is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per =
zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (=3D jernyfri, z=
anjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)=0D
 lijda     jda      religion                                  x1 is a relig=
ion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets inclu=
ding x3  ac 126    [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), =
adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2=
 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (=3D seljda for reorder=
ed places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (=3D selterjda for reordered places)=
; x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (=3D terjda for reordered plac=
es); priest/clerical (=3D jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/reli=
gion (=3D be'ejda); congregation (=3D jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa,=
 cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranm=
i, ritli, xriso, zekri)=0D
 limna lim          swim                                      x1 (agent) sw=
ims in fluid x2                                                            =
         6c  33    (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)=0D
 lindi lid          lightning                                 x1 is lightni=
ng/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3          =
         4h  24    [also thunder (=3D lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)=0D
 linji lij     li'i line                                      x1 is a line/=
among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2         =
         9b  10    [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jg=
anu, kantu, mokca)=0D
 linsi lin          chain                'links'              x1 is a lengt=
h of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3                    =
         9f  21    (cf. skori)=0D
 linto         li'o lightweight                               x1 is light i=
n mass/weight by standard x2                                               =
         9b   3    (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)=0D
 lisri lis          story                                     x1 is a story=
/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audie=
nce x4   8b  81    [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may =
be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/=
tale x1 about x2 to x4 (=3D selterlisri for place reordering); note that th=
e storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pem=
ci)=0D
 liste     ste      list                                      x1 (physical =
object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium=
 x4      7c  32    [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. por=
si, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance;=
 some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific or=
der may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)=0D
 litce lic          liter                                     x1 is x2 lite=
r(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3                 =
         af   0    (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, fe=
mti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, =
terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 litki lik          liquid                                    x1 is liquid/=
fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3           =
         6b  11    [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilm=
o, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)=0D
 litru         li'u travel                                    x1 travels/jo=
urneys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller   =
         7f 118    (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to cons=
train the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva,=
 pluta, limna, muvdu)=0D
 livga              liver                                     x1 is a/the l=
iver [body-part] of x2                                                     =
         aa   0    (cf. rango, betfu)=0D
 livla lil          fuel                                      x1 is a fuel/=
energy-source for powering x2                                              =
         7f   1    (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)=0D
 lo'e  lom          the typical                               veridical des=
criptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ...                         =
         at   0=0D
 logji loj          logic                                     x1 [rules/met=
hods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (d=
u'u)     7a  24    [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)=0D
 lojbo lob jbo      Lojbanic                                  x1 reflects [=
Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2    =
         1b   0    [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (=3D dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, lo=
gji)=0D
 loldi lol     loi  floor                                     x1 is a floor=
/bottom/ground of x2                                                       =
         2k 120    [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (=3D setloi, di=
jysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)=0D
 lorxu lor     lo'u fox                                       x1 is a fox [=
bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2                          =
         ai  36    (cf. gerku)=0D
 lubno         lu'o Lebanese                                  x1 reflects L=
ebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)=0D
 lujvo luv jvo      affix compound                            x1 (text) is =
a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metap=
hor x4   1b 428    (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)=0D
 lumci lum     lu'i wash                                      x1 (agent) wa=
shes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4    =
         5g  16    [agentless washing/cleansing (=3D cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (=
cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)=0D
 lunbe lub          bare                                      x1 is bare/na=
ked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection]                         =
         a   17    (cf. taxfu, bandu)=0D
 lunra lur          lunar                                     x1 is Earth's=
 moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2         =
         am  36    (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)=0D
 lunsa lus          condense                                  x1 condenses/=
liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate o=
n x2     a    0    (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)=0D
 mabla mal          derogative                                x1 is a derog=
ative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in fo=
rm x1    3d  78    [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. p=
alci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca,=
 pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)=0D
 mabru mab          mammal                                    x1 is a mamma=
l/'animal'/beast of species x2                                             =
         6c   7    (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)=0D
 macnu     cnu      manual                                    x1 (event/act=
ion/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3  =
         7g   1    (cf. zmiku, jitro)=0D
 makcu         ma'u mature                                    x1 is mature/=
ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka)                      =
         9c  18    (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)=0D
 makfa maf          magic                                     x1 is magic/s=
upernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/de=
ity x3   a   50    (cf. krici, manci)=0D
 maksi mak          magnet                                    x1 is magneti=
c [adjective] producing magnetic field x2                                  =
         a    1    (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)=0D
 malsi mas          temple                                    x1 is a templ=
e/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area=
 x3      9a  33    [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to .=
=2E.), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (=3D mojmalsi, si'armal=
si)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)=0D
 mamta mam          mother               'mom'                x1 is a mothe=
r of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biolo=
gical]   4b 128    (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jb=
ena)=0D
 manci mac          wonder                                    x1 feels wond=
er/awe/marvels about x2                                                    =
         9d  43    (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)=0D
 manfo              uniform                                   x1 (object/ev=
ent) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka)                            =
         7j  11    (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, tr=
aji)=0D
 manku man          dark                                      x1 is dark/la=
cking in illumination                                                      =
         1a  67    (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors=
, ctino)=0D
 manri mar          reference                                 x1 is a frame=
 of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rule=
s x3     2d  70    (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, c=
kilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)=0D
 mansa              satisfy                                   x1 satisfies =
evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3                                     =
         8c  39    (cf. pajni)=0D
 manti              ant                                       x1 is an ant =
of species/breed x2                                                        =
         ai 135    (cf. cinki, jalra)=0D
 mapku map          cap                                       x1 is a cap/h=
at/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2        =
         3f  18    (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)=0D
 mapni              cotton                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material]                =
         ah   2    (cf. bukpu)=0D
 mapti mat          fit                  'match'              x1 fits/match=
es/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspec=
t x3     7j  47    (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)=0D
 marbi     mra      shelter              'harbor'             x1 is a shelt=
er/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3     =
         4d  14    (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)=0D
 marce         ma'e vehicle                                   x1 is a vehic=
le/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4  =
         7f  12    (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, sk=
iji)=0D
 marde mad          morals                                    x1 are the et=
hics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situa=
tion x3  a    6    [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of =
behavior; also principles; also conscience (=3D sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vru=
de, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)=0D
 margu mag          mercury                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temper=
ature]   ag   2    (cf. jinme)=0D
 marji maj     mai  material             'matter'             x1 is materia=
l/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3           =
         6b  29    [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material];=
 (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)=0D
 marna              hemp                 'marijuana'          x1 is a quant=
ity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2                            =
         aj   2    (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)=0D
 marxa max          mash                                      x1 [force] ma=
shes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3    =
         a    6    (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)=0D
 masno     sno      slow                                      x1 is slow/sl=
uggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)                      =
         4f  37    (cf. sutra)=0D
 masti         ma'i month                                     x1 is x2 mont=
hs in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3                   =
         3e  36    [this month (=3D cabma'i); next month (=3D bavla'ima'i);=
 last month (=3D prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)=0D
 matci              mat                                       x1 is a mat/p=
ad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2                 =
         a   13    [also mattress =3D (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, kard=
a, ckana)=0D
 matli              linen                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material]            =
         ah  12    (cf. bukpu)=0D
 matne              butter                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2            =
         5b   6    [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but sp=
readable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (=3D ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, =
kruji)=0D
 matra              motor                                     x1 is a motor=
/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2                          =
         a    0    (cf. marce, minji, carce)=0D
 mavji mav          oats                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2                                   =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)=0D
 maxri     xri      wheat                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2                                  =
         aj   9    (cf. gurni)=0D
 mebri meb          brow                                      x1 is a/the b=
row/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2                 =
         aa  18    (cf. stedu, flira)=0D
 megdo meg          1E6                  metric 'mega'        x1 is a milli=
on [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)               =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 mei   mem     mei  cardinal selbri                           convert numbe=
r to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x=
3                  [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 =
is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (=3D selmei for reordered places=
); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [amo=
ng the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)=0D
 mekso mek     me'o MEX                                       x1 [quantifie=
r/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/conventi=
on x2    7e  88    (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pi=
lji)=0D
 melbi mel mle      beautiful                                 x1 is beautif=
ul/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4               =
         6c 191    [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful=
]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)=0D
 meljo mej          Malaysian                                 x1 reflects M=
alaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab   1    (cf. baxso, bindo)=0D
 menli men          mind                 'mental'             x1 is a mind/=
intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2                      =
         3l  26    [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenom=
enon; multiple personalities (=3D so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, p=
ensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)=0D
 mensi mes     me'i sister                                    x1 is a siste=
r of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biol=
ogical]  4b  38    (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)=0D
 mentu met     me'u minute                                    x1 is x2 minu=
tes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3                       =
         3e  12    (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)=0D
 merko mer          American                                  x1 pertains t=
o USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2                    =
         1b  38    (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)=0D
 merli     mre      measure                                   x1 (agent) me=
asures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accurac=
y x5     al  14    (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bu=
nda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, =
gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti=
, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 mexno mex          Mexican                                   x1 reflects M=
exican culture/nationality in aspect x2                                    =
         ab   1    (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)=0D
 mi    mib          me                                        pro-sumti: me=
/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative                  =
         1d   0    (cf. sevzi)=0D
 midju mij          middle                                    x1 is in/at t=
he middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central   =
         2d  31    (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)=0D
 mifra mif          code                 'cipher'             x1 is encoded=
/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 i=
s a code a    2    [code (=3D termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)=0D
 mikce mic          doctor               'medic'              x1 doctors/tr=
eats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/=
cure x4  4c  63    [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a pat=
ient of x1 (=3D selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person=
/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (=3D sadmikce, sadvelmik=
ce), intransitive (=3D sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external age=
nt/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment =
(=3D velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)=0D
 mikri mik          1E-6                 metric 'micro'       x1 is a milli=
onth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)            =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 milti mil          .001                 metric 'milli'       x1 is a thous=
andth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)   =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 milxe     mli      mild                                      x1 is mild/no=
n-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2  =
         6k  58    (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, tr=
aji)=0D
 minde mid     mi'e command                                   x1 issues com=
mands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded t=
o occur  1h  91    [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3=
; x1 is a commander; commanded (=3D termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna,=
 ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)=0D
 minji         mi'i machine                                   x1 is a machi=
ne for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function contr=
ol]      7g  13    [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/trigge=
red by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; =
if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (=3D zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, t=
utci, zukte, pilno, skami)=0D
 minli              mile                                      x1 is x2 (def=
ault 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 =
         al   1    (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...);=
 (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci,=
 minli, merli, bunda, kramu)=0D
 minra mir          reflect              'mirror'             x1 reflects/m=
irrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces =
on x1    a   40    [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e=
 of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical=
 object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. cat=
lu, viska, lenjo, pensi)=0D
 mintu mit     mi'u same                 'identical'          x1 is the sam=
e/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)        =
         2g  47    (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo lis=
t du - which has no standard place, simxu)=0D
 mipri mip          secret                                    x1 keeps x2 s=
ecret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2    =
         3l  53    [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (=3D selcr=
i or nalterju'o); secret (=3D selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, =
cirko, jarco)=0D
 mirli              deer                                      x1 is a deer/=
elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2                              =
         ai   0    (cf. mabru, danlu)=0D
 misno mis     mi'o famous                                    x1 (person/ob=
ject/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2=
 (mass)  7j   8    [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) noto=
rious/infamous (=3D malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the refere=
nced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)=0D
 misro              Egyptian             'Mizraim'            x1 reflects E=
gyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)=0D
 mitre     tre      meter                                     x1 is x2 mete=
r(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standa=
rd x4    af   0    (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, go=
tro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, =
xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 mixre mix xre      mixture                                   x1 (mass) is =
a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2          =
         5c  19    [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingred=
ient/part/component/element of x1 (=3D selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. =
salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)=0D
 mlana     mla      side                 'lateral'            x1 is to the =
side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-referenc=
e x4     1e  88    (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the=
 direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side.  The x4 of mlan=
a may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)=0D
 mlatu lat          cat                                       x1 is a cat/[=
puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is =
feline   ai 124    (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)=0D
 mleca mec     me'a less                                      x1 is less th=
an x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4                         =
         6k  57    [also negative (=3D nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cma=
vo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)=0D
 mledi led          mold                                      x1 is a mold/=
fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3     =
         aj   5    (cf. clika)=0D
 mluni lun          satellite            'moon'               x1 is a satel=
lite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4       =
         am   1    (cf. plini, solri, lunra)=0D
 mo'a  mob          too few                                   digit/number:=
 too few; subjective                                                       =
         -=0D
 mo'i  mov          space motion                              mark motions =
in space-time                                                              =
         -=0D
 moi   mom     moi  ordinal selbri                            convert numbe=
r to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3       =
         7e   0    (x2 is a completely specified set)=0D
 mokca moc          point                'moment'             x1 is a point=
/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2          =
         9b  14    [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, =
tcika)=0D
 moklu mol     mo'u mouth                'oral'               x1 is a/the m=
outh/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumpt=
ion)     1c  14    [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)=0D
 molki     mlo      mill                                      x1 is a mill/=
foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2             =
         ap   0    [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill =
(=3D grumlo), grinding mill (=3D zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gast=
a, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)=0D
 molro         mo'o mole                                      x1 is x2 mole=
(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3               =
         af   2    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)=0D
 morji moj     mo'i remember             'memory'             x1 remembers/=
recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3               =
         2h 114    (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, not=
ci)=0D
 morko mor          Moroccan                                  x1 reflects M=
oroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2                                   =
         ab   1    (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)=0D
 morna mon     mo'a pattern              'form'               x1 is/reflect=
s/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x=
3        9b  14    [x3 is a [model] for x1 (=3D termontai, or the more abst=
ract =3D termonsi'o); image (=3D gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, s=
elmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the =
ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva=
, jimpe, rilti)=0D
 morsi     mro      dead                 'mort-'              x1 is dead/ha=
s ceased to be alive                                                       =
         4c 244    [die/mortal (=3D mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra=
, betri)=0D
 mosra mos          friction             'rub'                x1 is frictio=
n [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2=
 rubs x3 a    3    [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (=3D seltermo=
sra); non-agentive rub (=3D termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, gu=
ska, pencu, spali)=0D
 mraji              rye                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2                                    =
         aj   3    (cf. gurni)=0D
 mrilu     mri      mail                                      x1 mails/post=
s [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/s=
ystem x5 4i  15    [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the=
 medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of =
discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)=0D
 mruli     mru      hammer                                    x1 [tool] is =
a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by =
x4       ao   2    (cf. tutci)=0D
 mu    mum          5                                         digit/number:=
 5 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 mu'e  muf          point-event abstract                      abstractor: a=
chievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [b=
ridi]    -=0D
 mucti mut          immaterial                                x1 is immater=
ial/not physical/without material form                                     =
         6b   8    (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)=0D
 mudri mud          wood                 'lumber'             x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2     =
         6b  27    (cf. tricu, stani)=0D
 mukti muk     mu'i motive                                    x1 (action/ev=
ent/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volitio=
n of x3  6a  70    [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/object=
ive x2 by x1 (=3D termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditio=
ns' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or=
 within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - gene=
rally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)=0D
 mulno mul     mu'o complete                                  x1 (event) is=
 complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by sta=
ndard x3 7j 181    [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, t=
otal, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, =
culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)=0D
 munje muj     mu'e universe                                  x1 is a unive=
rse/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by r=
ules x3  a   44    [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which c=
omprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'wo=
rld of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the u=
niverse from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, ken=
sa, mulno)=0D
 mupli mup          example                                   x1 is an exam=
ple/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of =
set x3   2h  52    (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)=0D
 murse              glimmering                                x1 is the [as=
tronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location =
x3       3e   8    [morning twilight, dawn (=3D cermurse); evening twilight=
, dusk (=3D vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)=0D
 murta mur     mu'a curtain                                   x1 is a curta=
in/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x=
3        5g  10    (cf. canko, vorme)=0D
 muslo mus          Islamic                                   x1 pertains t=
o the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2=
         ac  11    [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)=0D
 mutce     tce      much                                      x1 is much/ex=
treme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very=
 x3      6k 311    [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, inte=
nse, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)=0D
 muvdu muv     mu'u move                                      x1 (object) m=
oves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4   =
         2b  59    [also mobile (=3D comymu'u, for the non-specific opposit=
e of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin=
 (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (=3D=
 muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (=3D muvri'a), self-propell=
ed (=3D sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (=3D pagmu'u), having a =
moving part (=3D muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (=3D mlumu'u)]; (cf.=
 rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litr=
u, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessari=
ly imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent i=
mplied, bevri, vimcu)=0D
 muzga muz          museum                                    x1 is a museu=
m for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3               =
         ap   8    (cf. citri)=0D
 na    nar          bridi negator                             bridi contrad=
ictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo c=
ompounds 1d   0=0D
 na'e  nal          scalar contrary                           contrary scal=
ar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied             =
         7x   0=0D
 nabmi nam          problem                                   x1 (event/sta=
te) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3         =
         8c  30    [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, dan=
fu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)=0D
 nakni nak          male                 'masculine'          x1 is a male/=
buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine  =
         4b  31    (cf. fetsi, bersa)=0D
 nalci         na'i wing                                      x1 is a/the w=
ing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface]              =
         ai  13    (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)=0D
 namcu nac     na'u number                                    x1 (li) is a =
number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not th=
e symbol 3a  35    (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)=0D
 nanba nab          bread                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2         =
         5b  30    (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)=0D
 nanca         na'a year                                      x1 is x2 year=
s in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual=
         3e 110    [this year (=3D cabna'a); next year (=3D bavlamna'a); la=
st year (=3D prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)=0D
 nandu nad          difficult            'hard'               x1 is difficu=
lt/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive=
) x2     1i  54    (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)=0D
 nanla              boy                  'lad'                x1 is a boy/l=
ad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3                   =
         4b  44    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use v=
erba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)=0D
 nanmu         nau  man                                       x1 is a man/m=
en; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult]                   =
         1k 332    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use r=
emna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)=0D
 nanvi nav          1E-9                 metric 'nano'        x1 is a billi=
onth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is=
 units)  ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 narge nag          nut                                       x1 is a nut [=
body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kern=
el x4    aj   0    [also x4 nucleus, center (=3D velnarge for place reorder=
ing)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)=0D
 narju naj          orange                                    x1 is orange =
[color adjective]                                                          =
         1a  31    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, so=
lji)=0D
 natfe naf     na'e deny                                      x1 (du'u) con=
tradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3             =
         7a   1    [also exception (=3D nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny=
 (=3D nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)=0D
 natmi nat     nai  nation                                    x1 is a natio=
n/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture]           =
         ab  42    (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)=0D
 navni              neon                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon]   =
         ag   4    [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)=0D
 naxle nax xle      canal                                     x1 is a canal=
/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4                                       =
         ap   0    [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, darg=
u)=0D
 nazbi naz zbi      nose                 'nasal'              x1 is the nos=
e [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrus=
ion]     1c  11    [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tan=
ce)=0D
 nejni nen          energy                                    x1 is energy =
of type x2 in form x3                                                      =
         a    6    [ray/beam (=3D nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazn=
i, livla)=0D
 nelci nel     nei  fond                 'likes'              x1 is fond of=
/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state)                                   =
         2i 180    (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xe=
bni, cuxna, pendo)=0D
 nenri ner     ne'i in                   'inner'              x1 is in/insi=
de/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds=
 of x2]  1e 298    [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for contai=
nment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, ba=
rtu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)=0D
 ni    nil          amount abstract                           abstractor: q=
uantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on sca=
le x2    3b   0    (cf. klani)=0D
 nibli nib     ni'i necessitate                               x1 logically =
necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system=
 x3      6a  90    (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge,=
 logji)=0D
 nicte     cte      night                                     x1 is a night=
time of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal       =
         3e  58    [tonight (=3D cabycte); tomorrow night (=3D bavlamcte, e=
ven when tonight is still in the future); last night (=3D prulamcte)]; (cf.=
 donri, djedi, tcika)=0D
 nikle nik          nickel                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation       =
         5e   6    (cf. jinme)=0D
 nilce         ni'e furniture                                 x1 [furniture=
 items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3                =
         an   1    (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)=0D
 nimre              citrus               'lime'               x1 is a quant=
ity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2                      =
         aj   3    (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)=0D
 ninmu nim     ni'u woman                'women'              x1 is a woman=
/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult]             =
         1k 130    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use r=
emna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)=0D
 nirna nir          nerve                                     x1 is a nerve=
/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connectio=
n]       aa   1    [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)=0D
 nitcu     tcu      need                                      x1 needs/requ=
ires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of proce=
ss x3    3m  79    [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pind=
i, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)=0D
 nivji niv          knit                                      x1 (agent) kn=
its x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3                                  =
         a    0    (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)=0D
 nixli nix xli      girl                                      x1 is a girl =
[young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3                    =
         4b 172    [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use v=
erba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)=0D
 no    non          0                                         digit/number:=
 0 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0    [nothing (=3D nomei, but also nozu'i)]=0D
 no'e  nor     no'e scalar midpoint not                       midpoint scal=
ar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really"              =
         7x   0    (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)=0D
 nobli nol     no'i noble                                     x1 is noble/a=
ristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2    =
         a   47    [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban=
 metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recogni=
zed culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. ban=
li)=0D
 notci not     noi  message              'note'               x1 is a messa=
ge/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x=
4        4i  78    [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (co=
ntrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively foc=
used subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended=
' audience.  xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresp=
onding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (=3D mojnoi)]; (cf. xatr=
a, nuzba, mrilu, morji)=0D
 nu    nun          event abstract                            abstractor: g=
eneralized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [b=
ridi]    3b   0    (cf. fasnu)=0D
 nu'o          nu'o can but has not                           modal aspect:=
 can but has not; unrealized potential                                     =
         at   0    (cf. kakne)=0D
 nukni nuk          magenta              'fuchsin'            x1 is magenta=
/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective]                                    =
         1a   3    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)=0D
 nupre nup     nu'e promise                                   x1 (agent) pr=
omises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim=
]        9c   6    (cf. kajde, xusra)=0D
 nurma num          rural                                     x1 is a rural=
/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country                          =
         6c  39    (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)=0D
 nutli nul     nu'i neutral                                   x1 is neutral=
/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 =
         8g   0    [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to d=
isagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed va=
lues in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce=
, cmavo list no'e)=0D
 nuzba nuz          news                                      x1 (du'u) is =
news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x=
4        4i  83    (cf. cnino, notci)=0D
 pa    pav          1                                         digit/number:=
 1 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 pacna         pa'a hope                                      x1 hopes/wish=
es for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 h=
appens   9d  60    [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as =
hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness acc=
ording to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or=
 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation =
is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the pr=
obability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting";=
 the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to =
"li piro"); wish (=3D sotpa'a), hope (=3D sorpa'a), expect (=3D sojypa'a)];=
 (cf. djica)=0D
 pagbu pag     pau  part                                      x1 is a part/=
component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is par=
tly x1   7j 131    [partly (=3D selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadb=
a, spisa, gunma, rafsi)=0D
 pagre     gre      pass through                              x1 passes thr=
ough/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin=
 side x4 4d  60    [passing through in both directions (=3D rolfargre, pagr=
e ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, =
vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)=0D
 pajni         pai  judge                                     x1 judges/ref=
erees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract)      =
         2f  39    [x2 includes jei =3D rule (jetpai), ni =3D estimate (lai=
rpai), ka =3D evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu =3D referee/arbitrate (fa=
urpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (=
=3D paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury=
 (=3D pairkamni), serve on a jury (=3D kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf.=
 cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)=0D
 palci pac          evil                                      x1 is evil/de=
praved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2                                 =
         2i  52    (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)=0D
 palku pak          pants                                     x1 are pants/=
trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2                   =
         3f  15    (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)=0D
 palne              tray                 'pan, platter'       x1 is a tray/=
platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of mate=
rial x3  5c   6    [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support=
 on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and i=
s generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)=0D
 palta              plate                'platter'            x1 is a plate=
/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of materia=
l x2     5c  10    (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)=0D
 pambe              pump                                      x1 is a pump/=
injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means=
 x5      a    0    [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pum=
p generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pr=
essure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphori=
cal use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)=0D
 panci pan          odor                 'fragrance'          x1 is an odor=
/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3    =
         5c  17    [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf=
=2E nazbi, sumne, cpina)=0D
 pandi pad          punctuate                                 x1 (agent) pu=
nctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect=
 x4      1h   2    (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)=0D
 panje              sponge                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material                          =
         ah   3    [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf.=
 cokcu for a generalized absorbant)=0D
 panka              park                                      x1 is a park/=
land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3         =
         ap  17    (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)=0D
 panlo         pa'o slice                                     x1 is a slice=
 [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass)                                          =
         5c   6    (cf. nanba)=0D
 panpi pap          peace                                     x1 is at peac=
e with x2                                                                  =
         8g  33    (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorica=
l extensions, cilce, jamna)=0D
 panra              parallel                                  x1 parallels =
x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry =
x4       9b  11    [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference b=
etween x1 and x2 (=3D terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/s=
imilar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspond=
ence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving =
multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differen=
ces]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)=0D
 pante pat          protest                                   x1 protests/o=
bjects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4   =
         9c  12    (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)=0D
 panzi paz          offspring                                 x1 is a [biol=
ogical] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is fili=
al       4b  23    (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)=0D
 papri              page                 'paper'              x1 is a [phys=
ical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2                    =
         1h   6    [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (=
=3D paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (=3D papryseltcidu, paprytcid=
ylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)=0D
 parbi pab          ratio                'rate'               x1 (me'o, fra=
ction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:=
x3]      7e   4    [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numer=
ator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)=0D
 pastu pas          robe                 'tunic'              x1 is a robe/=
tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x=
2        3f  26    [also coveralls (=3D paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palk=
u)=0D
 patfu paf     pa'u father               'pop, padre'         x1 is a fathe=
r of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biologi=
cal]     4b  93    (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, be=
rsa, sovda)=0D
 patlu              potato                                    x1 is a potat=
o [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2                                 =
         5b   7    (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reprod=
uce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)=0D
 patxu pax          pot                                       x1 is a pot/k=
ettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/propertie=
s x3     ao   0    (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidde=
d)=0D
 pe'a  pev          figurative                                marks figurat=
ive usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi                             =
         at   0    [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore =
omitted place structures]=0D
 pelji     ple      paper                'page'               x1 is paper f=
rom source x2                                                              =
         1h  15    [sheet of paper (=3D plekarda if shape is important, ple=
bo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)=0D
 pelxu pel          yellow                                    x1 is yellow/=
golden [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a  32    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)=0D
 pemci pem          poem                                      x1 is a poem/=
verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audienc=
e x4     8b 103    [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. pro=
sa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)=0D
 penbi peb          pen                                       x1 is a pen u=
sing ink x2 applied by process x3                                          =
         1f  11    (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)=0D
 pencu pec     pe'u touch                                     x1 (agent) to=
uches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2]    =
         1g  38    (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zg=
ana)=0D
 pendo ped     pe'o friend                                    x1 is/acts as=
 a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1                          =
         2i  90    (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)=0D
 penmi pen     pe'i meet                                      x1 meets/enco=
unters x2 at/in location x3                                                =
         1g 125    (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)=0D
 pensi pes     pei  think                'pensive'            x1 thinks/con=
siders/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 =
         3l 164    [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one s=
ense)/intellectual (one sense) (=3D selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, =
menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)=0D
 perli per          pear                                      x1 is a pear =
[fruit] of species/strain x2                                               =
         aj   6    (cf. grute)=0D
 pesxu pex          paste                                     x1 is paste/p=
ulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of compositi=
on x2    6f   3    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)=0D
 petso pet          1E15                 metric 'peta'        x1 is 1x10**1=
5 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 pezli pez          leaf                                      x1 is a leaf =
of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2                                           =
         5b  26    (cf. tricu, papri, spati)=0D
 pi    piz          decimal point                             digit/number:=
 base point; default decimal                                               =
         7e   0=0D
 pi'u  piv          cross product                             non-logical c=
onnective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets                        =
         at   0=0D
 picti pic          1E-12                metric 'pico'        x1 is a trill=
ionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 pijne              pin                                       x1 is a pin/p=
eg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/propertie=
s x3     ao   2    (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)=0D
 pikci              beg                  'supplicate'         x1 begs/plead=
s/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for=
 x3      9c  11    [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor,=
 patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to=
 manner, pindi)=0D
 pikta              ticket                                    x1 is a ticke=
t entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x=
4        5g  22    (cf. jaspu)=0D
 pilji         pi'i multiply             'multiply'           x1 is the pro=
duct/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 =
         7e   1    (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)=0D
 pilka pil     pi'a crust                'peel'               x1 is a crust=
/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2                                     =
         9f  12    (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includ=
es skapi), gacri)=0D
 pilno     pli      use                  'employ'             x1 uses/emplo=
ys x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpos=
e x3     2e 174    [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to d=
o x3 (=3D selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (=3D le'ipli, lejyplicu=
'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri=
, jibri)=0D
 pimlu pim     pi'u feather              'plume'              x1 is a/the f=
eather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2                   =
         ai   1    (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)=0D
 pinca              urine                'piss'               x1 is a/the u=
rine/piss/pee of x2                                                        =
         aa   1    (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)=0D
 pindi pid          poor                 'indigent'           x1 is poor/in=
digent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2               =
         a   24    [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu,=
 nitcu, pikci)=0D
 pinfu pif          prisoner             'captive'            x1 is a priso=
ner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3              =
         8e   2    (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)=0D
 pinji              penis                                     x1 is a/the c=
litoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2             =
         aa   2    [normally context eliminates need for specificity; other=
wise: penis (=3D nakpinji), clitoris (=3D fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vi=
bna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)=0D
 pinka pik          comment                                   x1 (text) is =
a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x=
4        8c 107    [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (=3D terselp=
inka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)=
=0D
 pinsi pis          pencil                                    x1 is a penci=
l/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of materi=
al] x3   1f  20    [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 t=
o display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (=3D tabypinsi)=
]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more gen=
eral term over penbi), burcu, bakri)=0D
 pinta pin          level                'horizontal'         x1 is flat/le=
vel/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2                            =
         9b   8    (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)=0D
 pinxe pix          drink                                     x1 (agent) dr=
inks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/sou=
rce x3   2j  39    (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)=0D
 pipno         pi'o piano                                     x1 is a piano=
/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument              =
         ak   8    (cf. zgike)=0D
 pixra pir xra      picture                                   x1 is a pictu=
re/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4    =
         4d  51    [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing=
 (=3D xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (=3D xraci'a/xraci'a), image (=3D xratai), p=
hoto (=3D kacmyxra), take a photo (=3D kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu=
'e); sculpture, relief (=3D blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barn=
a, skina)=0D
 plana              plump                                     x1 is plump/f=
at/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2                =
         6f  13    (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)=0D
 platu     pla      plan                 'plot'               x1 (agent) pl=
ans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3=
         8c   7    [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structur=
e or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu=
)=0D
 pleji lej     le'i pay                                       x1 pays/compe=
nsates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/ser=
vices x4 8b  59    [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a com=
modity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commoditi=
es, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (=3D posle=
'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (=3D jerle'i, lejyjbera)]=
; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda=
, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, d=
irba)=0D
 plibu pib          pubic                                     x1 is a/the p=
ubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2                             =
         aa   0    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)=0D
 plini              planet                                    x1 is a plane=
t revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters=
 x4      am  16    (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)=0D
 plipe pip     pi'e leap                                      x1 (agent/obj=
ect) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled =
by x5    1g  54    [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a rout=
e-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)=0D
 plise              apple                                     x1 is an appl=
e [fruit] of species/strain x2                                             =
         5b   8    (cf. grute)=0D
 plita pit          plane                                     x1 is a plane=
 [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth]=
         9b  18    [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points =
at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, =
boxfo, pinta)=0D
 plixa lix          plow                                      x1 (agent) pl=
ows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 =
         ao   1    (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)=0D
 pluja luj          complicated          'complex'            x1 is complex=
/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3            =
         6f  28    [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgen=
a)=0D
 pluka puk     pu'a pleasant                                  x1 (event/sta=
te) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3                       =
         9c 131    (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)=0D
 pluta lut     lu'a route                                     x1 is a route=
/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (se=
t)       5d 309    [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need no=
t be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to con=
strain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve k=
lama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)=0D
 polje     plo      fold                                      x1 (force) fo=
lds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3                  =
         a    0    [for agentive folding (=3D plogau, plozu'e); use cardina=
l-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cin=
je, boxfo, boxna)=0D
 polno pol          Polynesian                                x1 reflects P=
olynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in asp=
ect x2   ab   1    (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)=0D
 ponjo pon     po'o Japanese             'Nippon'             x1 reflects J=
apanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                          =
         ab   4    (cf. xazdo, daplu)=0D
 ponse pos     po'e possess                                   x1 possesses/=
owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3     =
         5g 188    (x3 is generally more important to the concept than comm=
only accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when=
 unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is ve=
ry culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, tu=
rni, zivle)=0D
 porpi pop     po'i break                                     x1 breaks/fra=
ctures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2                   =
         4c  36    (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)=0D
 porsi por     poi  sequence                                  x1 [ordered s=
et] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 =
         7c  49    [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely s=
pecified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)=0D
 porto pot          Portuguese                                x1 reflects P=
ortuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                        =
         ab   3    (cf. brazo)=0D
 prali pal          profit                                    x1 is a profi=
t/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 =
         8d  12    [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (=3D selterprali for reord=
ered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or=
 a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising f=
rom ownership of the object/commodity (=3D selposprali for unambiguous sema=
ntics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda=
, zivle)=0D
 prami pam     pa'i love                                      x1 loves/feel=
s strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state)                   =
         9d 115    [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one=
 sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (=3D selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinm=
o, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)=0D
 prane         pa'e perfect                                   x1 is perfect=
/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 =
(ka)     7j  45    [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, c=
fila, mulno)=0D
 preja pej     pe'a spread                                    x1 spreads/ex=
pands over/into x2 from initial state x3                                   =
         7j   2    (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)=0D
 prenu     pre      person                                    x1 is a perso=
n/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona =
         1k 632    (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)=0D
 preti ret     rei  question             'query'              x1 (quoted te=
xt) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4   =
         1h 149    (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)=0D
 prije pij          wise                 'sage'               x1 is wise/sa=
ge about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3                            =
         a   54    (cf. bebna)=0D
 prina     pri      print                                     x1 is a print=
/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/ob=
ject x3  a    5    (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)=0D
 pritu              right                                     x1 is to the =
right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3           =
         1e  55    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. c=
mavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)=0D
 prosa ros     ro'a prose                                     x1 is prose a=
bout plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4           =
         8b   9    [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or m=
eter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cuk=
ta, pemci, finti)=0D
 pruce ruc     ru'e process                                   x1 is a proce=
ss with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4     =
         8f  11    [x2 resource (=3D selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc=
- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo l=
ist pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)=0D
 pruni pun          elastic              'springy'            (adjective:) =
x1 is elastic/springy                                                      =
         a    0    (cf. ckabu, tcena)=0D
 pruxi rux     ru'i spirit                                    x1 is spiritu=
al/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/e=
thereal  a   49    [also soul (=3D ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xad=
ni)=0D
 pu'i  pus          can and has                               modal aspect:=
 can and has; demonstrated potential                                       =
         at   0    (cf. kakne)=0D
 pu'u  puv          process abstract                          abstractor: p=
rocess (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2=
         -         (cf. pruce)=0D
 pulce puc     pu'e dust                 'pulverized'         x1 is dust/pr=
ecipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3              =
         a   22    (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)=0D
 pulji              police                                    x1 is a polic=
e officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2           =
         a   15    [police officer, as an agent of authority (=3D ca'irpulj=
i, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (=3D puljysoi, as part of puljyse=
lsoi); military police (=3D jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni,=
 flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)=0D
 pulni              pulley                                    x1 is a pulle=
y [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3             =
         ao   0    (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)=0D
 punji puj     pu'i put                                       x1 (agent) pu=
ts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3                                   =
         1g  88    (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)=0D
 punli pul          swelling                                  x1 is a swell=
ing/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3          =
         9b   0    [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)=
=0D
 purci pur pru      past                 'earlier'            x1 is in the =
past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter=
         4a  59    [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in tha=
t x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts bef=
ore x2 but is continuing during x2 (=3D cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.=
e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (=3D fampru), x1 is completed before x=
2 starts (=3D mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)=0D
 purdi pud          garden                                    x1 is a garde=
n/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop=
 x3      6c  17    [orchard (=3D ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)=0D
 purmo pum     pu'o powder                                    x1 is a powde=
r of material x2                                                           =
         9f   0    [flour (=3D grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)=0D
 racli              sane                 'rational'           x1 (action/ac=
tivity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2                           =
         a    1    (cf. fenki)=0D
 ractu              rabbit                                    x1 is a rabbi=
t/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2                                           =
         ai  28    (cf. mabru, kerlo)=0D
 radno         ra'o radian                                    x1 is x2 radi=
an(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3       =
         aj   0    [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astrono=
mical measurement] (=3D cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto,=
 femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanv=
i, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 rafsi raf          affix                                     x1 is an affi=
x/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, lan=
guage x4 1b 219    (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)=0D
 ragve rav          across                                    x1 is located=
 across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x=
3        3j  32    [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly a=
cross/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance o=
n the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, =
pagre)=0D
 rakso              Iraqi                                     x1 reflects I=
raqi culture/nationality in aspect x2                                      =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)=0D
 raktu         ra'u trouble                                   x1 (object/pe=
rson/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3  =
         4c  41    [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are=
 a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (=3D selra'u for reorder=
ed places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)=0D
 ralci rac          delicate             'fragile'            x1 is delicat=
e/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka)                               =
         7j  17    [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective=
]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)=0D
 ralju ral          principal                                 x1 is princip=
al/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property =
x3 (ka)  8c  87    [staple (=3D ralselpra); general/admiral/president/princ=
ipal leader (=3D ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish a=
mong these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (=
x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, =
jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)=0D
 ralte         ra'e retain                                    x1 retains/ke=
eps/holds x2 in its possession                                             =
         2b  15    (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)=0D
 randa rad          yield                'surrender'          x1 yields/giv=
es way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3                  =
         a    0    (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)=0D
 rango rag          organ                                     x1 is a/the b=
ody organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3            =
         aa   0    [also sweetmeat (=3D ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)=0D
 ranji         ra'i continue                                  x1 (event/sta=
te) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous o=
ver x2   9b 143    (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cu=
kla, fliba, preja, tcena)=0D
 ranmi ram          myth                                      x1 is a myth/=
legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 =
         ac  13    [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for =
non-humanoid creatures (=3D ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dr=
agon; fairy tale (=3D veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)=0D
 ransu              bronze                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2              =
         ah   1    (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)=0D
 ranti ran          soft                                      x1 is soft/ma=
lleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3                     =
         2g  24    (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)=0D
 ranxi rax          irony                                     x1 is ironic(=
al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3                 =
         a    5    (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)=0D
 rapli rap          repeat                                    x1 [action] r=
epeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences                =
         1h  32    [practice (=3D rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. =
cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)=0D
 rarna rar          natural                                   x1 is natural=
/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)            =
         6c  31    (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)=0D
 ratcu              rat                                       x1 is a rat o=
f species/breed x2                                                         =
         ai  51    (cf. smacu)=0D
 ratni rat          atom                                      x1 is an atom=
 of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3            =
         a    4    (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; s=
elci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)=0D
 re    rel          2                                         digit/number:=
 2 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 rebla reb          tail                                      x1 is a/the t=
ail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appe=
ndage]   ai   9    (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)=0D
 rectu rec     re'u meat                 'flesh'              x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2                           =
         5b  30    (cf. sluji)=0D
 remna rem     re'a human                                     x1 is a human=
/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human=
         1k 219    (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)=0D
 renro rer     re'o throw                                     x1 throws/lau=
nches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally t=
o x1)    8h  53    (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)=0D
 renvi rev     re'i survive                                   x1 survives/e=
ndures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 =
         4c  21    [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for durat=
ion x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri,=
 stali, temci)=0D
 respa res          reptile                                   x1 is a repti=
le of species/breed x2                                                     =
         ai   1    (cf. danlu, banfi, since)=0D
 ricfu rif cfu      rich                                      x1 is rich/we=
althy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2                              =
         a   43    (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)=0D
 rigni rig          disgusting           'repugnant'          x1 is repugna=
nt to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3                             =
         a    5    (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)=0D
 rijno rij          silver               'argent'             x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarni=
shing]   5e  32    (cf. solji)=0D
 rilti ril          rhythm                                    x1 (sequence/=
non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2               =
         a    1    [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damr=
i, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)=0D
 rimni rim          rhyme                                     x1 rhymes/all=
iterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4=
 (ka)    8b   9    [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound corresponde=
nce]; (cf. pemci, sanga)=0D
 rinci              drain                                     x1 liquid/flu=
id drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force=
 x4      a    0    [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu=
, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)=0D
 rinju         ri'u restrain                                  x1 is restrai=
ned/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)        =
         3m  19    [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restra=
ins/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (=3D selri'u for reordered places); =
agentive restraint (=3D ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, ka=
vbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)=0D
 rinka rik     ri'a cause                                     x1 (event/sta=
te) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3  =
         6a 296    [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]=
; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri=
'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)=0D
 rinsa              greet                                     x1 (agent) gr=
eets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 =
(action) 2n  40    (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmav=
o list co'o)=0D
 rirci              rare                                      x1 [member] i=
s rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (s=
et)      6f  26    (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni=
, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concep=
ts)=0D
 rirni rir          parent               'rear'               x1 is a paren=
t of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2     =
         4b  33    (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, be=
rsa)=0D
 rirxe         ri'e river                                     x1 is a river=
 of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4          =
         6c  71    (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, =
djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)=0D
 rismi ris          rice                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2                        =
         5b   9    (cf. gurni)=0D
 risna              heart                'cardiac'            x1 is a/the h=
eart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutr=
al]      aa  34    [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (=3D cnis=
e'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)=0D
 ritli         ri'i rite                                      x1 is a rite/=
ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/r=
ules x4  9a  24    [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the m=
otions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, c=
lite, junri)=0D
 rivbi riv          avoid                'evade'              x1 avoids/eva=
des/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) =
         a   36    [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally a=
n object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily succes=
sful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, s=
isku, kalte, fapro)=0D
 ro    rol          each                                      digit/number:=
 each, all                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 roi   rom     roi  quantified tense                          converts numb=
er to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time t=
ense     at   0    (cf. rapli)=0D
 rokci rok     ro'i rock                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location =
x3       6c 143    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)=0D
 romge rog          chrome                                    x1 is a highl=
y reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often c=
hromium] ag   3    (cf. jinme)=0D
 ropno ron     ro'o European                                  x1 reflects E=
uropean culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 =
         ab  13    (cf. brito)=0D
 rorci ror          procreate                                 x1 engenders/=
procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3                                      =
         4b   3    (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi,=
 bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)=0D
 rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick                'stout'              x1 is thick i=
n dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimen=
sion]    6f   9    [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, pl=
ana, gutci, minli)=0D
 rozgu roz zgu      rose                                      x1 is a rose =
[flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2    =
         aj  10    [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, whi=
ch might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)=0D
 ruble rub ble      weak                 'feeble'             x1 is weak/fe=
eble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3               =
         7g   0    (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)=0D
 rufsu ruf          rough                                     x1 is rough/c=
oarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity                =
         6f  16    [fine-textured (=3D tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci=
)=0D
 runme rum          melt                 'runny'              x1 melts [bec=
omes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3            =
         a    2    [x1 runs (=3D rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)=
=0D
 runta              dissolve                                  x1 dissolves =
in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4         =
         a   16    [suspension (=3D pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, m=
ixre, sligu, sudga)=0D
 rupnu rup     ru'u dollar               'ruble'              x1 is measure=
d in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary syste=
m x3     5e  59    [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a =
price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, mi=
nli, merli, bunda, kramu)=0D
 rusko ruk     ru'o Russian                                   x1 reflects R=
ussian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                           =
         ab   4    (cf. softo, slovo)=0D
 rutni run          artifact                                  x1 is an arti=
fact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-=
made     6c  19    (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)=0D
 sabji sab          provide              'supply'             x1 [source] p=
rovides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient]         =
         3m  20    [agentive supply (=3D sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sor=
cu)=0D
 sabnu              cabin                                     x1 is a cabin=
 of vehicle x2                                                             =
         a    0    (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)=0D
 sacki              match                                     x1 is a match=
 [incendiary device] made of x2                                            =
         a    0    (cf. fagri, jelca)=0D
 saclu              decimal                                   x1 (me'o) is =
the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantit=
y)       af   1    [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notati=
on] (cf. namcu, frinu)=0D
 sadjo     djo      Saudi                                     x1 reflects S=
audi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2                              =
         ab   1    (cf. xrabo)=0D
 sakci sak          suck                                      x1 sucks/is s=
uction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pres=
sure x3  a    2    [also suck object/fluid (=3D sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf.=
 cokcu, lacpu, flecu)=0D
 sakli sal          slide                'slip'               x1 slides/sli=
ps/glides on x2                                                            =
         a   12    [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (=3D selsakli for reorde=
red places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)=0D
 sakta sat          sugar                'sucrose'            x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of compositi=
on x3    5b   7    [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, et=
c.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakt=
a); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]=
; (cf. silna, titla)=0D
 salci     sla      celebrate                                 x1 celebrates=
/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3            =
         9c  22    [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fa=
ir/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation =
of 'celebrate': funeral (=3D mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)=0D
 salpo         sa'o slope                                     x1 is sloped/=
inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3                  =
         5d  47    [also steep (=3D tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilin=
ear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)=0D
 salta              salad                                     x1 (mass) is =
a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2        =
         5b  11    [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. =
mixre, stasu)=0D
 samcu              cassava              'yam'                x1 is a quant=
ity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/str=
ain x2   1a   2    (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)=0D
 sampu sap          simple                                    x1 is simple/=
unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka)                                  =
         6f  24    (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)=0D
 sance     sna      sound                                     x1 is sound p=
roduced/emitted by x2                                                      =
         7j  37    [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voks=
a, siclu, slaka)=0D
 sanga sag     sa'a sing                                      x1 sings/chan=
ts x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3                     =
         5g   0    [melody (=3D sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (=3D saxsagzgi)=
, harmonize/sing harmony (=3D saxsa'a), song (=3D selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, ri=
mni, rilti, siclu)=0D
 sanji saj          conscious                                 x1 is conscio=
us/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstrac=
t)       6m  48    [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies s=
ome amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, an=
d may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the =
senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)=0D
 sanli         sa'i stand                                     x1 stands [is=
 vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 =
         1g  75    [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upri=
ght; x1 bows/bends over (=3D krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of refer=
ence is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity=
 field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)=0D
 sanmi         sai  meal                                      x1 (mass) is =
a meal composed of dishes including x2                                     =
         5c  84    [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (=3D selsai for reordere=
d places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)=0D
 sanso              sauce                                     x1 is a sauce=
/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including=
 x3      5b  12    [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1];=
 (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)=0D
 santa              umbrella                                  x1 is an umbr=
ella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5    =
         ao   4    (cf. carvi, solri)=0D
 sarcu         sa'u necessary                                 x1 (abstract)=
 is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 =
         3m  57    [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, cond=
ition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)=0D
 sarji     sra      support                                   x1 supports/h=
olds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by m=
eans x4  9a 109    [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (suc=
h reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' o=
r 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tu=
gni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)=0D
 sarlu              spiral                                    x1 is a spira=
l/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3   =
         9b   3    (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)=0D
 sarxe sax          harmonious                                x1 is harmoni=
ous/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)            =
         a    2    (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)=0D
 saske     ske      science                                   x1 (mass of f=
acts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3        =
         8c  31    [not limited to science as derived by the scientific met=
hod, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gath=
ered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipr=
a, pensi, jimpe)=0D
 satci              exact                'precise'            x1 [measureme=
nt/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) =
         7e  55    (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)=0D
 satre         sa'e stroke                                    x1 (agent) st=
rokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3                                                 =
         9c  34    [pet (=3D pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)=0D
 savru sav vru      noise                'clamor'             x1 is a noise=
/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory ch=
annel x3 2g  72    (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)=0D
 sazri saz          operate                                   x1 operates/d=
rives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3  =
         8c  47    (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)=0D
 se    sel          2nd conversion                            2nd conversio=
n; switch 1st/2nd places                                                   =
         2a   0=0D
 sefta     sfe      surface                                   x1 is surface=
/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edg=
es x4    9b  37    [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)=0D
 selci     sle      cell                                      x1 is a cell/=
atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2   =
         4b   6    (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for propertie=
s, activities; ratni, gradu)=0D
 selfu sef     se'u serve                                     x1 (agent) se=
rves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing=
 x3      a   20    (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)=0D
 semto     sme      Semitic                                   x1 reflects S=
emitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2=
         ab   1    [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian=
, among others]; (cf. xrabo)=0D
 senci sec          sneeze                                    x1 sneezes (i=
ntransitive verb)                                                          =
         a    0    (cf. bilma, kafke)=0D
 senpi sen          doubt                'skeptic'            x1 doubts/is =
dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true                =
         9d  30    [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (=3D selsenpi=
 for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)=0D
 senta set          layer                'stratum'            x1 is a layer=
/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite=
 x3      9b   9    (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sr=
uri, serti)=0D
 senva sev sne      dream                'reverie'            x1 dreams abo=
ut/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1            =
         6m  16    [dream/reverie (=3D selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)=0D
 sepli sep     sei  apart                'separate'           x1 is apart/s=
eparate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium=
 x3      6f  47    [also aloof (=3D jiksei); alone (=3D rolsmisei meaning a=
part or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" o=
r "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who =
are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu=
, marbi)=0D
 serti ser          stairs                                    x1 are stairs=
/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3                    =
         ao  71    (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)=0D
 setca         se'a insert                                    x1 (agent) in=
serts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between membe=
rs of x3 6f  37    [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filli=
ng'; inject (=3D je'erse'a); syringe/needle (=3D se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci=
, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tis=
na, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)=0D
 sevzi sez     se'i self                                      x1 is a self/=
ego/id/identity-image of x2                                                =
         7j  44    (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)=0D
 sfani              fly                                       x1 is a fly [=
a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2                    =
         6c  16    (cf. cinki, bifce)=0D
 sfasa     sfa      punish               'spank, castigate'   x1 (agent) pu=
nishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/=
state)   a    2    [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct =
(one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dund=
a, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)=0D
 sfofa     sfo      sofa                                      x1 is a sofa/=
couch (noun)                                                               =
         an   9    (cf. nilce)=0D
 sfubu sub     su'u dive                 'swoop'              x1 dives/swoo=
ps [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3                            =
         a    4    (cf. farlu, farlu)=0D
 si'o  siz          concept abstract                          abstractor: i=
dea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi]                      =
         -         (cf. sidbo)=0D
 siclu sil          whistle                                   x1 [sound sou=
rce] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2                    =
         a   18    (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)=0D
 sicni         si'i coin                 'specie'             x1 is a coin/=
token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4   =
         5e  32    (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)=0D
 sidbo sib     si'o idea                                      x1 (idea abst=
ract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3  =
         9e  81    [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, =
jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)=0D
 sidju     dju      help                 'aid'                x1 helps/assi=
sts/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3            =
         9c  90    (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)=
=0D
 sigja sig          cigar                                     x1 is a cigar=
/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3         =
         a    0    (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)=0D
 silka sik          silk                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2                             =
         ah   2    (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)=0D
 silna              salt                                      x1 is a porti=
on/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3            =
         5b  18    (cf. sakta)=0D
 simlu     mlu      seem                                      x1 seems/appe=
ars to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4            =
         7j  89    [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/obs=
ervation (=3D mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (=3D smimlu, mitmlu)];=
 (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)=0D
 simsa     smi      similar                                   x1 is similar=
/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2  =
         7j 131    [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike=
; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica,=
 mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)=0D
 simxu sim     si'u mutual                                    x1 (set) has =
members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ s=
umti])   7j  49    [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in r=
eturn do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kamp=
u, mintu)=0D
 since              snake                                     x1 is a snake=
/serpent of species/breed x2                                               =
         ai 257    (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)=0D
 sinma         si'a esteem                                    x1 esteems/re=
spects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect]                     =
         9d  39    [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (=3D selsi'a =
for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgir=
a)=0D
 sinso              sine                                      x1 is the tri=
gonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2                                        =
         ar   2    (cf. tanjo)=0D
 sinxa     sni      sign                                      x1 is a sign/=
symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3  =
         7e  61    [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/m=
eaningful/of import; signal an action (=3D sniti'i), connotation (=3D se si=
byti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)=0D
 sipna sip          sleep                                     x1 is asleep =
(adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping                                         =
         6m 145    (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)=0D
 sirji sir          straight                                  x1 is straigh=
t/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:)  x1 is linea=
r        6f  13    (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)=0D
 sirxo six          Syrian                                    x1 reflects S=
yrian culture/nationality in aspect x2                                     =
         ab   4    (cf. xrabo)=0D
 sisku sis          seek                                      x1 seeks/sear=
ches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)    =
         8g  89    [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]=
; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)=0D
 sisti     sti      cease                                     x1 [agent] ce=
ases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing=
 it]     1g 117    (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)=0D
 sitna sit          cite                                      x1 cites/quot=
es/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'=
u)       8b   0    (cf. krasi)=0D
 sivni siv          private                                   x1 is private=
/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidd=
en       a    0    [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in to=
uch with/privy to x1 (=3D selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be =
expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (=3D nalselsivni)]; (cf. =
gubni, mipri)=0D
 skaci              skirt                                     x1 is a skirt=
/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not =
legged]  3f  12    [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must =
hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku=
)=0D
 skami sam          computer                                  x1 is a compu=
ter for purpose x2                                                         =
         8c  69    (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)=0D
 skapi kap          pelt                 'skin'               x1 is a pelt/=
skin/hide/leather from x2                                                  =
         9f  18    (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)=0D
 skari     ska      color                                     x1 is/appears=
 to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4         =
         1a  30    [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf=
=2E blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, z=
irpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)=0D
 skicu     ski      describe                                  x1 tells abou=
t/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (pro=
perty)   7j  97    (cf. lisri, tavla)=0D
 skiji sij          ski                                       x1 is a ski/s=
kid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/=
cargo x3 a    1    (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)=0D
 skina kin          cinema                                    x1 is a cinem=
a/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audi=
ence x4  5g  32    [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than=
 a subject; cartoon/animation (=3D selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (=
=3D tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, v=
idni, pixra, finti)=0D
 skori     sko      cord                                      x1 is cord/ca=
ble/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2                   =
         9f   3    (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)=0D
 skoto kot     ko'o Scottish                                  x1 reflects G=
aelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                   =
         ab   1    [Irish (=3D sicko'o), Scottish (=3D sunko'o), Celtic (=
=3D dzeko'o), Welsh (=3D nanko'o), Breton (=3D fasko'o); since Scottish/Gae=
lic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a f=
u'ivla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Iri=
sh]; (cf. brito, glico)=0D
 skuro         ku'o groove               'furrow'             x1 is a groov=
e/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2                          =
         9b  36    (cf. plixa)=0D
 slabu         sau  familiar                                  x1 is old/fam=
iliar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4          =
         2c 130    [This can cover both meanings of old.  Old in years, i.e=
=2E age, can be conveyed through x2 =3D the world, life, existence (=3D loi=
 nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis.  However =
slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (=3D nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposi=
te of 'new' (=3D tolni'o); also ancient (=3D tcesau), age (=3D nilsau); x2 =
is used to x1 (=3D selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (=3D c=
irsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not =
the opposite of citno, djuno)=0D
 slaka              syllable                                  x1 is a sylla=
ble in language x2                                                         =
         1h  11    (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)=0D
 slami              acid                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidi=
c        ah   0    [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complet=
e specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)=0D
 slanu              cylinder                                  x1 is a cylin=
der [shape/form] of material x2                                            =
         9b   6    (cf. kamju, gunro)=0D
 slari sar          sour                                      x1 is sour/ta=
rt to observer x2                                                          =
         6f   5    (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)=0D
 slasi las          plastic                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2    =
         6b   9    (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)=0D
 sligu lig          solid                                     x1 is solid, =
of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3                  =
         6b  17    [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runt=
a, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)=0D
 slilu     sli      oscillate                                 x1 oscillates=
 at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specifica=
tion)    ar   8    [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to =
side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; =
(cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)=0D
 sliri              sulfur                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volc=
anic]    ag   7    (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)=0D
 slovo lov     lo'o Slavic                                    x1 reflects S=
lavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2                                  =
         ab   0    (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)=0D
 sluji     slu      muscle                                    x1 is a/the m=
uscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical =
power]   aa   5    [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; =
(cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)=0D
 sluni              onion                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2                       =
         5b  11    (cf. stagi)=0D
 smacu              mouse                                     x1 is a mouse=
 of species/breed x2                                                       =
         ai   5    (cf. ratcu)=0D
 smadi              guess                'surmise'            x1 guesses/co=
njectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]      =
         3l  15    [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is=
 true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. dju=
no, facki, jijnu, sruma)=0D
 smaji     sma      quiet                'silent'             x1 (source) i=
s quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3              =
         7j  52    (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)=0D
 smani              monkey               'simian'             x1 is a monke=
y/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2                         =
         ai   0    (cf. mabru, danlu)=0D
 smoka     smo      sock                                      x1 is a sock/=
stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2              =
         3f   6    (cf. cutci, taxfu)=0D
 smuci muc          spoon                                     x1 is a spoon=
/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3                              =
         5c   5    (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)=0D
 smuni mun smu      meaning                                   x1 is a meani=
ng/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3                     =
         3j 135    [referential meaning (=3Dselsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, s=
inxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)=0D
 snada sad          succeed              'accomplish'         x1 [agent] su=
cceeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/=
try x3   8g 152    [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 =
(event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)=0D
 snanu nan          south                                     x1 is to the =
south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3               =
         5d  81    (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)=0D
 snidu nid          second                                    x1 is x2 seco=
nds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3                       =
         3e   9    (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, fe=
mti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, =
terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 snime         si'e snow                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow                                    =
         4h  32    (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)=0D
 snipa nip          sticky                                    x1 adheres/st=
icks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive                       =
         a    2    [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 =
need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)=0D
 snuji nuj          sandwich                                  x1 is a sandw=
ich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3          =
         5b   9    (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)=0D
 snura nur     nu'a secure                                    x1 is secure/=
safe from threat x2 (event)                                                =
         9a  34    (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)=0D
 snuti nut          accidental                                x1 (event/sta=
te) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident      =
         4c  26    (cf. zukte, cunso)=0D
 so    soz          9                                         digit/number:=
 9 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 so'a  soj          almost all                                digit/number:=
 almost all (digit/number)                                                 =
         7e   0=0D
 so'e  sop          most                                      digit/number:=
 most                                                                      =
         7e   0=0D
 so'i  sor     so'i many                                      digit/number:=
 many                                                                      =
         3a   0=0D
 so'o  sos          several                                   digit/number:=
 several                                                                   =
         7e   0=0D
 so'u  sot          few                                       digit/number:=
 few                                                                       =
         7e   0=0D
 sobde sob     so'e soya                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2                              =
         aj  18    (cf. dembi, gurni)=0D
 sodna              sodium                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium]        =
         ag   1    [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, ji=
nme)=0D
 sodva sod          soda                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2   =
         2j  17    [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea an=
d coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (c=
f. jilka, jinme)=0D
 softo sof          Soviet                                    x1 reflects R=
ussian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2   =
         ab   6    (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)=0D
 solji     slo      gold                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-react=
ive]     ag  30    (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)=0D
 solri sol          solar                                     x1 is the sun=
 of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar    =
         am  66    ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a r=
ace, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species i=
nhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)=
=0D
 sombo som     so'o sow                                       x1 sows/plant=
s x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3                                                =
         a    5    (cf. crepu, tsiju)=0D
 sonci son     soi  soldier                                   x1 is a soldi=
er/warrior/fighter of army x2                                              =
         a   31    (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)=0D
 sorcu soc sro      store                                     x1 is a store=
/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3           =
         3m  23    [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/=
location restriction; e.g. a heap.  The sumti indicates how the supply is i=
dentified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that ar=
e not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji =
for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka=
)=0D
 sorgu sog          sorghum                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of sorghum of species/strain x2                                        =
         aj   4    (cf. gurni)=0D
 sovda sov     so'a egg                  'ovum'               x1 is an egg/=
ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2               =
         5b  51    [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- b=
eing unspecified): ovoid, oblate (=3D pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); =
egg, specifically female (=3D fetso'a), of a bird (=3D cpifetso'a, cpiso'a)=
, of a chicken (=3D jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not=
 require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sov=
da" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. =
ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju f=
or shape, tarbi)=0D
 spaji paj          surprise                                  x1 (event/act=
ion abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2=
         9d  22    [also expectation (=3D nalspaji), alarm (=3D tepspaji)];=
 (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)=0D
 spali              polish                                    x1 (agent) po=
lishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4             =
         a    7    (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)=0D
 spano san          Spanish                                   x1 reflects S=
panish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                  =
         ab   2    [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xisp=
o (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno)=
; Spain (=3D sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castill=
ian (=3D sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)=0D
 spati     spa      plant                                     x1 is a plant=
/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2                               =
         6c  68    [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; =
(cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, =
xrula, pezli, srasu)=0D
 speni     spe      married              'spouse'             x1 is married=
 to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x=
3        9a  92    (cf. prami, gletu)=0D
 spisa     spi      piece                                     x1 [object/su=
bstance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance]          =
         7j  21    (cf. pagbu)=0D
 spita              hospital                                  x1 is a hospi=
tal treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3       =
         4c  20    [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o =3D =
mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)=0D
 spofu pof     po'u broken                                    x1 is broken/=
inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2                =
         4c  12    [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (=3D pofygau=
, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (=3D=
 pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)=0D
 spoja poj     po'a explode                                   x1 bursts/exp=
lodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments =
x2       a   20    (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)=0D
 spuda     spu      reply                'respond'            x1 answers/re=
plies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with respons=
e x3     1h  67    [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it wi=
ll usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that per=
son/object doing something.  "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object =
itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, pret=
i, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)=0D
 sputu put     pu'u spit                                      x1 spits/expe=
ctorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4                      =
         aa   8    [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (=3D molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetc=
e, kafke, vamtu)=0D
 sraji raj          vertical             'upright'            x1 is vertica=
l/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/grav=
ity x2   9b   5    (cf. sanli, pinta)=0D
 sraku rak          scratch                                   x1 [abrasive/=
cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] =
x2       a    1    (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sr=
aku does not imply material is removed), spali)=0D
 sralo              Australian                                x1 reflects A=
ustralian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2               =
         ab   5    (cf. glico)=0D
 srana         ra'a pertain              'concerns'           x1 pertains t=
o/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2   =
         7j  36    [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetri=
c, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than=
 x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)=0D
 srasu sas          grass                                     x1 is a blade=
/expanse of grass of species x2                                            =
         6c  47    [lawn/meadow (=3D sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)=0D
 srera     sre      err                                       x1 errs in do=
ing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standa=
rd x4    1h  40    (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)=0D
 srito              Sanskrit                                  x1 reflects S=
anskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2         =
         ab   1    (cf. xindo, xurdo)=0D
 sruma         ru'a assume                                    x1 assumes/su=
pposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]             =
         3l   5    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; (cf. smadi, birti)=0D
 sruri rur sru      surround                                  x1 encircles/=
encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3           =
         7j  12    [(jinsru =3D) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circl=
ing/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, se=
nta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)=0D
 stace sac          honest                                    x1 is honest/=
open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3     =
         9c   0    [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, ji=
tfa, mipri)=0D
 stagi              vegetable            'stalky'             x1 is the edi=
ble x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable                              =
         5b   7    [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generall=
y this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, =
or for non-fruit vegetables (=3D nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, s=
luni, spati, sunga, tamca)=0D
 staku tak          ceramic                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/s=
hape x4  ah   1    [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: com=
position including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. klit=
i)=0D
 stali     sta      remain               'stay'               x1 remains/st=
ays at/abides/lasts with x2                                                =
         4d  53    (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)=0D
 stani              stalk                                     x1 is a/the s=
talk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support]  =
         aj  15    (cf. tuple, mudri)=0D
 stapa tap          step                                      x1 steps/trea=
ds on/in surface x2 using limbs x3                                         =
         a   20    (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)=0D
 stasu              soup                 'stew'               x1 is a quant=
ity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2              =
         5b  26    [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. =
sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)=0D
 stati              talent                                    x1 has a tale=
nt/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2                                =
         a   13    (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)=0D
 steba seb          frustration                               x1 feels frus=
tration about x2 (abstraction)                                             =
         9d  19    (cf. cinmo)=0D
 steci tec     te'i specific             'special'            x1 (ka) is sp=
ecific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 =
(set)    7j  39    [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object wh=
ose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (=3D tecra'=
a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/=
strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. =
srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)=0D
 stedu sed          head                                      x1 is a/the h=
ead [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion]                       =
         1c  40    [skull (=3D sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, =
flira, mapku)=0D
 stela tel          lock                                      x1 is a lock/=
seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3                     =
         ao  17    (cf. ckiku)=0D
 stero         te'o steradian                                 x1 is x2 ster=
adian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3        =
         af   2    (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, ki=
lto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, =
zepti, zetro)=0D
 stici sic          west                                      x1 is to the =
west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3                 =
         5d 146    (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)=0D
 stidi sid     ti'i suggest                                   x1 (agent) su=
ggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/am=
ong x3   8c  38    [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (=3D faurti=
'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)=0D
 stika tik          adjust                                    x1 (event) ad=
justs/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3                     =
         a   15    [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (=3D ti=
kygau, tikyzu'e)]; (cf. cenba which need not be causal, galfi which is caus=
al and resultative, binxo which need not be causal but is resultative, zasn=
i, stodi)=0D
 stizu tiz          chair                'stool'              x1 is a chair=
/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for =
sitting  1f 155    (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)=0D
 stodi     sto      constant             'stable'             x1 is constan=
t/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditio=
ns x3    7e   9    [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cen=
ba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)=0D
 stuna sun          east                                      x1 is to the =
east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3                 =
         5d 101    (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)=0D
 stura tur     su'a structure                                 x1 is a struc=
ture/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity]                =
         a   14    (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, mor=
na, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)=0D
 stuzi tuz stu      site                 'position'           x1 is an inhe=
rent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/=
event)   5d 101    [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, =
to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zv=
ati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)=0D
 su'e  sup     su'e at most                                   digit/number:=
 at most (all); no more than                                               =
         3a   0=0D
 su'o  suz     su'o at least                                  digit/number:=
 at least (some); no less than                                             =
         3a   0    (cf. cmalu, mleca)=0D
 su'u  suv          unspecif abstract                         abstractor: g=
eneralized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of=
 type x2 -         (cf. sucta)=0D
 sucta suc          abstract                                  x1 (si'o) is =
abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3  =
         9e   5    (cf. fatci, xanri)=0D
 sudga sud          dry                                       x1 is dry of =
liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid                                         =
         6f  71    (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)=0D
 sufti     sfu      hoof                                      x1 is a/the h=
oof [body-part] of x2                                                      =
         ai   0    (cf. xirma)=0D
 suksa suk          sudden                                    x1 (event/sta=
te) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/functio=
n x3     7j  55    [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)=
=0D
 sumji suj          sum                                       x1 is a mathe=
matical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3                        =
         7e   8    (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)=0D
 sumne              smell                                     x1 (experienc=
er) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observe=
r x1     6m  35    (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)=0D
 sumti sum     su'i argument                                  x1 is a/the a=
rgument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number)            =
         1b2373    (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)=0D
 sunga sug          garlic                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2                                  =
         aj  13    (cf. stagi)=0D
 sunla sul          wool                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/so=
urce x2  ai   3    (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)=0D
 surla sur          relax                                     x1 relaxes/re=
sts/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity)                             =
         9c  34    (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)=0D
 sutra sut          fast                 'swift'              x1 is fast/sw=
ift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)      =
         4f 142    (cf. masno)=0D
 ta    taz          that there                                pro-sumti: th=
at there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener     =
         1d   0=0D
 tabno tab          carbon                                    x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organi=
c        ag   1    (cf. kolme)=0D
 tabra              trumpet              'brass'              x1 is a horn/=
trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument]            =
         ak   1    (cf. zgike)=0D
 tadji              method                                    x1 [process] =
is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions =
x3       8f  37    [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (=3D trata=
dji); pattern (=3D montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste=
, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)=0D
 tadni tad          study                                     x1 studies/is=
 a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly            =
         1h 115    (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)=0D
 tagji tag          snug                 'tight'              x1 is snug/ti=
ght on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4                            =
         3f  27    (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)=0D
 talsa tal          challenge                                 x1 (person) c=
hallenges x2 at/in property x3                                             =
         8g   1    (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging=
 event/situation)=0D
 tamca              tomato                                    x1 is a tomat=
o [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2                             =
         aj   0    (cf. grute, stagi)=0D
 tamji taj          thumb                                     x1 is a/the t=
humb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shap=
e]       1c  10    [thumb (specifically the hand =3D xantamji), big toe (=
=3D jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)=0D
 tamne              cousin                                    x1 is cousin =
to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation=
]        4b   2    [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over brun=
a)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)=0D
 tanbo         ta'o board                                     x1 is a board=
/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2                  =
         ao   1    (cf. bliku, kubli)=0D
 tance tac          tongue                                    x1 is a/the t=
ongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji)        =
         aa  17    [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, =
tamji, degji)=0D
 tanjo              tangent                                   x1 is the tri=
gonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2                                  =
         ar   7    (cf. sinso)=0D
 tanko              tobacco                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2                                 =
         aj   0    (cf. sigja, marna)=0D
 tanru         tau  phrase compound                           x1 is a binar=
y metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance=
 x5      1b 776    (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gism=
u, smuni)=0D
 tansi tas          pan                                       x1 is a pan/b=
asin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties =
x3       ao   0    [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for =
a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)=0D
 tanxe tax     ta'e box                  'trunk'              x1 is a box/c=
arton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3                 =
         1f  40    (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)=0D
 tapla              tile                                      x1 is a tile/=
cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4                   =
         9b   1    [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform an=
d significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the t=
he other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptua=
lly a tile; polygon (=3D taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximatel=
y-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, =
kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, k=
urfa, matci, plita, tarmi)=0D
 tarbi              embryo                                    x1 is an embr=
yo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3               =
         a   10    (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)=0D
 tarci tar          star                                      x1 is a star/=
sun with stellar properties x2                                             =
         am  28    (cf. solri, tsani)=0D
 tarla              tar                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2                      =
         ah   1    (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)=0D
 tarmi tam     tai  shape                'form'               x1 [ideal] is=
 the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/a=
bstract) 9b  91    [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ide=
al form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/c=
ircle-shaped (=3D cukseltai) vs. circle (=3Dcuktai, while cukla alone is am=
biguous); model (=3D ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni=
, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, ma=
pti, morna, sarlu)=0D
 tarti     tra      behave                                    x1 behaves/co=
nducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3        =
         9c  30    [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati,=
 tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)=0D
 taske              thirst                                    x1 thirsts fo=
r x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2                            =
         2j   8    (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)=0D
 tatpi         ta'i tired                                     x1 is tired/f=
atigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest                =
         4c  41    (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)=0D
 tatru tat          breast               'teat'               x1 is a/the b=
reast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liqui=
d]       aa   1    [nipple (=3D tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)=0D
 tavla tav     ta'a talk                 'palaver'            x1 talks/spea=
ks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4                                   =
         1h 338    [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the=
 x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu,=
 skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/disc=
uss/chat (=3D simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly =
delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, dar=
lu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)=0D
 taxfu taf     ta'u garment                                   x1 is dress/a=
 garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purp=
ose x3   3f  76    [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something in=
tended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn a=
t some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, =
dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)=0D
 tcaci cac          custom               'habit'              x1 is a custo=
m/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3                             =
         7j  20    [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, =
kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)=0D
 tcadu     tca      city                 'town'               x1 is a town/=
city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/regi=
on x4    4d  68    [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecm=
u, jarbu)=0D
 tcana              station                                   x1 is a stati=
on/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2    =
         a    0    [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (c=
f. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fon=
xa, dikca, fatri)=0D
 tcati              tea                                       x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2                       =
         2j  19    (cf. ckafi)=0D
 tcena ten          stretch                                   x1 stretches/=
extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4=
         9b  23    (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)=0D
 tcica tic          deceive              'cheat, trick'       x1 (event/exp=
erience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/stat=
e)       a   36    [agentive deception (=3D ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be=
 an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not i=
mplied (=3D malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (=3D sezyt=
cica); deceive/trick into misguided action (=3D ticyxlu); misguided belief =
(=3D tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (=3D ticysku, jifsku), white =
lie (=3D zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)=0D
 tcidu tid          read                                      x1 [agent] re=
ads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader    =
         1h  92    (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)=0D
 tcika              time of day                               x1 [hours, {m=
inutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at locatio=
n x4     3e  50    [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are speci=
fied as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (=
cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu=
, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)=0D
 tcila til          detail                                    x1 is a detai=
l/feature/particular of x2                                                 =
         8f  28    (cf. diklo, steci)=0D
 tcima tim     ti'a weather              'climate'            x1 is weather=
 at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological                     =
         4h  23    [climate (=3D citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, =
carvi, dilnu, bratu)=0D
 tcini              situation            'state'              x1 [state/pro=
perty] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances=
 of x2   8c  58    [characteristics or environment of an object/event/proce=
ss stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuz=
i, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)=0D
 tcita              label                'tag'                x1 is a label=
/tag of x2 showing information x3                                          =
         4d 219    (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)=0D
 te    ter          3rd conversion                            3rd conversio=
n; switch 1st/3rd places                                                   =
         2a   0=0D
 temci tem     tei  time                                      x1 is the tim=
e-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event =
x3       3e  66    [also age/elapsed time (=3D niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra,=
 citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)=0D
 tenfa tef          exponential                               x1 is the exp=
onential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3                            =
         ar   1    (cf. dugri)=0D
 tengu teg     te'u texture                                   x1 (property-=
ka) is a texture of x2                                                     =
         6f   3    (cf. rufsu, xutla)=0D
 terdi ted          earth                'terrestrial'        x1 is the Ear=
th/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound   =
         am 111    (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground=
, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e=
=2Eg. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)=0D
 terpa tep     te'a fear                 'terror'             x1 fears x2; =
x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object)        =
         4c  72    [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/=
frightening/scary to x1 (=3D selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni=
, xanka, virnu)=0D
 terto tet          1E12                 metric 'tera'        x1 is a trill=
ion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)             =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 ti    tif          this here                                 pro-sumti: th=
is here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker    =
         1d   0=0D
 tigni tig          perform                                   x1 performs x=
2 [performance] for/before audience x3                                     =
         5g  36    (cf. jarco)=0D
 tikpa tip          kick                                      x1 kicks [hit=
s with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4       =
         2b  15    (cf. tunta, darxi)=0D
 tilju tij          heavy                'weighty'            x1 is heavy/w=
eighty in mass/weight by standard x2                                       =
         9b  22    (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)=
=0D
 tinbe tib          obey                                      x1 obeys/foll=
ows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient            =
         a   13    (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)=0D
 tinci              tin                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal]       =
         ag   1    (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)=0D
 tinsa              stiff                                     x1 is stiff/r=
igid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions=
 x4      6f   2    [also sometimes: firm, hard;  not limited to physical fo=
rces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu,=
 danre, stodi)=0D
 tirna tin          hear                                      x1 hears x2 a=
gainst background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural        =
         6m  75    (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)=0D
 tirse tir          iron                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishin=
g]       ag   5    [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, ga=
sta, molki)=0D
 tirxu              tiger                                     x1 is a tiger=
/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3        =
         ai   0    [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphori=
cally: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)=0D
 tisna tis          fill                 'stuff'              x1 (object) f=
ills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into=
 x1      6f  35    [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; a=
gentive filling (=3D tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/=
blow up (=3D gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (=3D liktisna, agenti=
ve likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)=0D
 titla tit          sweet                                     x1 is sweet/s=
ugary/saccharine to observer x2                                            =
         5c  23    (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)=0D
 tivni tiv          television                                x1 broadcasts=
/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4  =
         a   17    [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), progra=
m/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)=0D
 tixnu tix     ti'u daughter                                  x1 is a daugh=
ter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological]              =
         4b  23    (cf. bersa, panzi)=0D
 to'e  tol     to'e polar opposite                            polar opposit=
e scalar negator                                                           =
         7x   0    (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)=0D
 toknu tok          oven                                      x1 is an oven=
 [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2          =
         5c  31    (cf. nanba)=0D
 toldi tod          butterfly                                 x1 is a butte=
rfly/moth of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai  13    (cf. cinki)=0D
 tonga tog     to'a tone                                      x1 is a tone/=
note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3                                  =
         a    0    (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)=0D
 tordu tor     to'u short                                     x1 is short i=
n dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standar=
d x3     9b  31    (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)=0D
 torni ton     to'i twist                'torsion'            x1 twists und=
er load/force/torsion x2                                                   =
         a   42    (cf. tinsa, trati)=0D
 traji         rai  superlative          'extreme'            x1 is superla=
tive in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/r=
ange x4  6k 166    [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 =
end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, mil=
xe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zm=
adu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)=0D
 trano              nitrogen                                  x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates                       =
         ag   1    [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)=0D
 trati              taut                                      x1 is taut/te=
nse/strained tight in direction x2                                         =
         a   11    (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)=0D
 trene ren     re'e train                                     x1 is a train=
 [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled =
by x4    7f   1    [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'=
unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (=3D lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (=
=3D dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (=3D cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)=0D
 tricu ric          tree                                      x1 is a tree =
of species/cultivar x2                                                     =
         6c  93    (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)=0D
 trina     tri      attract                                   x1 attracts/a=
ppeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka)            =
         7j  45    [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, =
xlura, maksi)=0D
 trixe rix     ti'e behind                                    x1 is posteri=
or/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3      =
         1e  29    [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (=
=3D rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)=0D
 troci toc     toi  try                                       x1 tries/atte=
mpts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/meth=
od x3    2n 301    [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)=0D
 tsali     tsa      strong                                    x1 is strong/=
powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3                =
         7g  42    (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)=0D
 tsani tan          sky                                       x1 is an expa=
nse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial]                            =
         4h  88    (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)=0D
 tsapi              seasoning                                 x1 is a seaso=
ning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)             =
         5b   4    [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)=0D
 tsiju     tsi      seed                                      x1(s) is/are =
(a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 =
         5b 135    [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-devel=
opment; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a =
fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)=0D
 tsina sin          stage                                     x1 is a stage=
/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4      =
         5g   0    (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)=0D
 tu    tuf          that yonder                               pro-sumti: th=
at yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & lis=
tener    1d   0=0D
 tubnu         tu'u tube                                      x1 is a lengt=
h of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of mat=
erial x3 9b  28    [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (c=
f. kevna, canlu)=0D
 tugni tug     tu'i agree                                     x1 [person] a=
grees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x=
4        9c  54    (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)=0D
 tujli tuj          tulip                                     x1 is a tulip=
 (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2                            =
         aj   0    (cf. spati)=0D
 tumla tum     tu'a land                                      x1 is a parce=
l/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain                            =
         8d  12    (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde,=
 xamsi)=0D
 tunba tub          sibling                                   x1 is a sibli=
ng of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3                                 =
         4b   5    (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)=0D
 tunka tuk          copper                                    x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical cond=
uctor]   5e   4    (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)=0D
 tunlo tul     tu'o swallow                                   x1 gulps/swal=
lows                                                                       =
         5c   2    [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (=3D tulpinxe, tulcti,=
 ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/=
engulf (=3D galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)=0D
 tunta tun          poke                 'stab'               x1 (object, u=
sually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer)                    =
         a    1    [agentive (=3D tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, dar=
xi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)=0D
 tuple tup     tu'e leg                                       x1 is a/the l=
eg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch]                        =
         1c  71    (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)=0D
 turni     tru      govern                                    x1 governs/ru=
les/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subject=
s x2     ab 113    [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governe=
d; reign/rule (=3D noltru); king/queen/sovereign (=3D nolraitru); pure demo=
cracy (=3D roltrusi'o), representative democracy (=3D rolka'itrusi'o), vice=
roy (=3D ka'itru), pure communism (=3D guntrusi'o), board of directors/trus=
tees, steering committee (=3D trukamni); government (=3D trugunma, trugri (=
emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf.=
 catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)=0D
 tutci     tci      tool                                      x1 is a tool/=
utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines f=
unction] 7g  13    (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool ty=
pes: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuc=
i, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno=
, vraga)=0D
 tutra tut          territory                                 x1 is territo=
ry/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2                           =
         ab   4    (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)=0D
 va    vaz          there at                                  location tens=
e distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ...   =
         4a   0=0D
 vacri var          air                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition includi=
ng x3    5g  30    (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)=0D
 vajni vaj     vai  important            'significant'        x1 (object/ev=
ent) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 =
(nu/ka)  8c  87    [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banl=
i, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)=0D
 valsi val vla      word                                      x1 is a word =
meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal)       =
         1b 183    (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, sm=
uni)=0D
 vamji vam     va'i value                                     x1 (ni) is th=
e equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciatio=
n x4     8d  15    [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits =
(one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (=3D selva'i for reordered places); =
merit reward (=3D nemselva'i); receive merited reward (=3D vamselne'u); x2 =
may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; peda=
ntically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of =
the object/commodity (=3D posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]=
; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima o=
n cost/price/value distinction, vajni)=0D
 vamtu vat          vomit                                     x1 vomits/reg=
urgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion               =
         a    1    (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)=0D
 vanbi vab          environment          'ambient'            x1 (ind./mass=
) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2            =
         5d  33    [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, srur=
i, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)=0D
 vanci vac          evening                                   x1 is an even=
ing [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location=
 x3      3e  60    [this evening (=3D cabvanci); tomorrow evening (=3D bavl=
amvanci); yesterday evening (=3D prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)=0D
 vanju van          wine                                      x1 is made of=
/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2                       =
         2j  21    (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)=0D
 vasru vas     vau  contain              'vessel'             x1 contains/h=
olds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2    =
         4d  71    [also accommodates, container; containment need not be t=
otal; x2 is [contained] in x1 (=3D selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bart=
u, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)=0D
 vasxu vax     va'u breathe              'vascular'           x1 breathes/r=
espires x2 [gas]                                                           =
         4d  25    (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular=
 is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries t=
he respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)=0D
 ve    vel          4th conversion                            4th conversio=
n; switch 1st/4th places                                                   =
         2a   0=0D
 ve'e          ve'e whole space interval                      location tens=
e interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interv=
al)      at   0=0D
 vecnu ven     ve'u sell                 'vend'               x1 [seller] s=
ells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense=
 x4      8c  48    [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1=
 (=3D terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (=3D velve'=
u for reordered terms); for sale (=3D fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a=
 specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically=
, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the obje=
ct/commodity (=3D posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. c=
anja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see no=
te at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)=0D
 venfu vef          revenge              'avenge'             x1 takes reve=
nge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (=
nu)      a   22    [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, =
cnemu)=0D
 vensa ves          spring               'vernal'             x1 is spring/=
springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is v=
ernal    3e  30    (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)=0D
 verba ver     ve'a child                                     x1 is a child=
/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3          =
         4b  74    [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi=
, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)=0D
 vi    viz          here at                                   location tens=
e distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... =
         4a   0    (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)=0D
 vibna vib          vagina                                    x1 is a/the v=
agina [body-part] of x2                                                    =
         aa   0    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)=0D
 vidni              video                                     x1 is a video=
 monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2                          =
         ao  18    (cf. skina, ve tivni)=0D
 vidru vir          virus                                     x1 is a virus=
 of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3        =
         ai   2    (cf. jurme)=0D
 vifne vif          fresh                                     (adjective:) =
x1 is fresh/unspoiled                                                      =
         5c  20    (cf. fusra)=0D
 vikmi vim     vi'i excrete                                   x1 [body] exc=
retes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4                           =
         aa  43    (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)=0D
 viknu vik          viscous              'thick'              x1 is thick/v=
iscous under conditions x2                                                 =
         6f   7    (cf. denmi, snipa)=0D
 vimcu vic     vi'u remove                                    x1 removes/su=
btracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder=
 x4      7e  43    [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]=
; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)=0D
 vindu vid          poison               'venom'              x1 is poisono=
us/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2                                            =
         a    2    (cf. since)=0D
 vinji vij          airplane                                  x1 is an airp=
lane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled =
by x3    7f   1    (cf. vofli, sabnu)=0D
 vipsi vip          deputy               'vice'               x1 is a deput=
y/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to princip=
al x3    a    7    [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)=0D
 virnu     vri      brave                'valiant, virtue'    x1 is brave/v=
aliant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3                    =
         4c  46    (cf. terpa, darsi)=0D
 viska vis     vi'a see                  'vision'             x1 sees/views=
/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3                                 =
         6m 317    [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient =
lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that En=
glish "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "unders=
tand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, =
ganse)=0D
 vitci vit          irregular            'intermittent'       x1 is irregul=
ar/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2                    =
         9b   6    (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)=0D
 vitke         vi'e guest                'visit'              x1 is a guest=
/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3                          =
         4d  95    (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)=0D
 vitno         vi'o permanent            'eternal'            x1 is permane=
nt/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectan=
t one]   7j   5    [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, sta=
li)=0D
 vlagi lag          vulva                                     x1 is a/the v=
ulva [body-part] of x2                                                     =
         aa   0    (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)=0D
 vlile vil          violent                                   x1 is an even=
t/state/act of violence                                                    =
         8g  27    (cf. suksa, jursa)=0D
 vlina              alternation                               x1 is a logic=
al alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are =
true     7a   7    (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)=0D
 vlipa     vli      powerful                                  x1 has the po=
wer to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 unde=
r x3     7g  35    [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, r=
uble)=0D
 vo    von          4                                         digit/number:=
 4 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 vofli vol     voi  flight               'fly'                x1 flies [in =
air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2                          =
         7f  27    (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)=0D
 voksa vok     vo'a voice                                     x1 is a voice=
/speech sound of individual x2                                             =
         9a 134    (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)=0D
 vorme vor vro      door                                      x1 is a doorw=
ay/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4                    =
         2k 113    [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (=3D vrogai/=
vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)=
=0D
 vraga     vra      lever                                     x1 is a lever=
 [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and =
arm x4   a    4    (cf. tutci, pulni)=0D
 vreji rej     vei  record                                    x1 is a recor=
d of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4   =
         8c   4    (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)=0D
 vreta     vre      reclining            'rest'               x1 lies/rests=
/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2             =
         an  68    (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)=0D
 vrici              miscellaneous        'various'            x1 (set/mass/=
ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka)                =
         6f  46    (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)=0D
 vrude vud     vu'e virtue                                    x1 is virtuou=
s/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2               =
         2i  12    [holy/saintly (=3D cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde,=
 zabna)=0D
 vrusi vus     vu'i taste                'flavor'             x1 (ka) is a =
taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1                        =
         6m   5    [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavo=
r of x2 (=3D tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, s=
ince the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cp=
ina)=0D
 vu    vuz          yonder at                                 location tens=
e distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ...        =
         4a   0    (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)=0D
 vukro vur     vu'o Ukrainian                                 x1 reflects U=
krainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2                         =
         ab   0    (cf. slovo, softo)=0D
 xa    xav          6                                         digit/number:=
 6 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 xabju         xa'u dwell                'inhabit'            x1 dwells/liv=
es/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/a=
bode x2  4d 130    (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)=0D
 xadba xab          half                                      x1 is exactly=
/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3                 =
         7e  12    (cf. mulno, pagbu)=0D
 xadni xad          body                                      x1 is a/the b=
ody/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal             =
         1c  80    (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)=0D
 xagji              hunger                                    x1 hungers fo=
r x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2                                          =
         2j  48    (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)=0D
 xagri              reed                                      x1 is a oboe/=
clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2                  =
         ak   1    (cf. zgike)=0D
 xajmi xam          funny                'comic'              x1 is funny/c=
omical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to=
 x2      5g  32    [also: x1 is a comedian (=3D xampre, xamseljibri for a p=
rofessional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be ca=
reful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile=
)=0D
 xaksu xak          use up                                    x1 (event) us=
es up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource]                             =
         a   31    [waste (=3D fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, das=
po, livla, pinxe)=0D
 xalbo              levity               'frivolous'          x1 uses levit=
y/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction)                          =
         a   18    (cf. junri, linto)=0D
 xalka xal          alcohol                                   x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3       =
         ah   1    (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)=0D
 xalni              panic                                     x1 (person) i=
s panicked by crisis x2 (event/state)                                      =
         a   16    (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)=0D
 xamgu xag     xau  good                                      x1 (object/ev=
ent) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3            =
         2i 226    [acceptable (=3D mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melb=
i, xlali, vrude, zabna)=0D
 xampo xap     xa'o ampere                                    x1 is x2 ampe=
re(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3               =
         af   0    (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, go=
cti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, =
xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)=0D
 xamsi xas          sea                                       x1 is a sea/o=
cean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine=
         6c  45    [also atmosphere (=3D varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, =
djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)=0D
 xance xan     xa'e hand                                      x1 is a/the h=
and [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo]                =
         1c 106    [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, x=
lura, jamfu, tamji)=0D
 xanka              nervous              'anxious'            x1 is nervous=
/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3                        =
         9d  24    (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)=0D
 xanri xar          imaginary            'unreal'             x1 [concept] =
exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2             =
         3j  10    [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unrea=
l (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not =
imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so=
 that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereb=
y really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidb=
o)=0D
 xanto              elephant                                  x1 is an elep=
hant of species/breed x2                                                   =
         ai  16    (cf. mabru, barda)=0D
 xarci xac     xa'i weapon               'arms'               x1 is a weapo=
n/arms for use against x2 by x3                                            =
         a   15    [gun/cannon (=3D celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)=0D
 xarju xaj          pig                  'hog'                x1 is a pig/h=
og/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2              =
         ai   1    [sow (=3D fetxarju), boar (=3D nakyxarju), pork (=3D xaj=
re'u), piglet (=3D citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)=0D
 xarnu              stubborn                                  x1 is stubbor=
n/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state)                   =
         a    1    [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; t=
he essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)=0D
 xasli              donkey               'ass'                x1 is a donke=
y/jackass of species/breed x2                                              =
         ai  35    (cf. xirma, kumte)=0D
 xasne              sweat                                     x1 is a/the s=
weat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3             =
         aa   4    (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)=0D
 xatra         xa'a letter                                    x1 is a lette=
r/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with con=
tent x4  4i  76    (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the e=
mphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and =
not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subj=
ect'; ciska, mrilu, papri)=0D
 xatsi xat          1E-18                metric 'atto'        x1 is 1x10**-=
18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 xazdo xaz zdo      Asiatic                                   x1 reflects A=
siatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2                          =
         ab   3    (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)=0D
 xe    xel          5th conversion                            5th conversio=
n; switch 1st/5th places                                                   =
         2a   0=0D
 xebni xen     xei  hate                                      x1 hates/desp=
ises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1=
         2i  55    [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sen=
se)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)=0D
 xebro xeb bro      Hebrew                                    x1 reflects H=
ebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2             =
         ab   4    (cf. filso)=0D
 xecto xet cto      100                  metric 'hecto'       x1 is a hundr=
ed [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)          =
         ae   6    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 xedja xej     xe'a jaw                                       x1 is a/the j=
aw [body-part] of x2                                                       =
         1c  17    (cf. stedu)=0D
 xekri xek     xe'i black                                     x1 is black/e=
xtremely dark-colored [color adjective]                                    =
         1a  47    (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, bl=
anu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)=0D
 xelso xes          Greek                'Hellas'             x1 reflects G=
reek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2                    =
         ab  40    (cf. latmo, ropno)=0D
 xendo xed     xe'o kind                                      x1 (person) i=
s kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3                                        =
         9c  23    (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)=0D
 xenru xer     xe'u regret               'rue'                x1 regrets/ru=
es (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2    =
         4c  25    [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (=3D zugyxe'u)]; (cf. c=
mavo list .u'u, zungi)=0D
 xexso xex          1E18                 metric 'exa'         x1 is 1x10**1=
8 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti=
, zetro)=0D
 xindo xin          Hindi                                     x1 reflects H=
indi language/culture/religion in aspect x2                                =
         ab  12    [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationali=
ty may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)=
=0D
 xinmo xim          ink                                       x1 is a quant=
ity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3                   =
         ao   0    (cf. penbi)=0D
 xirma xir     xi'a horse                                     x1 is a horse=
/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2                      =
         ai  29    [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasl=
i, kumte)=0D
 xislu xil     xi'u wheel                                     x1 is a wheel=
 [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3       =
         a    6    (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)=0D
 xispo xip          Hispanic                                  x1 reflects H=
ispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2                         =
         ab   2    [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, no=
t Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)=0D
 xlali     xla      bad                  'mal-'               x1 is bad for=
 x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2                          =
         2i  95    [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable ev=
ent, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (=3D lenu ko'a gasnu cu x=
lali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)=0D
 xlura     xlu      influence            'lure'               x1 (agent) in=
fluences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4  =
         7j  24    [also impresses; x4 is alluring (=3D trivelxlu for place=
 reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform =
an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. =
djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)=0D
 xotli xol     xoi  hotel                                     x1 is a hotel=
/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3                                  =
         7f   0    (cf. barja, gusta)=0D
 xrabo rab          Arabic                                    x1 reflects A=
rabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2                            =
         ab   2    (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)=0D
 xrani         xai  injure               'hurt'               x1 (event) in=
jures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (s=
tate)    4c  82    [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)=0D
 xriso xis     xi'o Christian                                 x1 pertains t=
o the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2                  =
         ac  16    (cf. jegvo, lijda)=0D
 xruba xub          buckwheat            'rhubarb'            x1 is a quant=
ity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2                 =
         aj   3    (cf. spati)=0D
 xruki xuk          turkey                                    x1 is a turke=
y [food/bird] of species/breed x2                                          =
         ai   9    (cf. cipni)=0D
 xrula rul          flower                                    x1 is a/the f=
lower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is flo=
ral      aj  27    (cf. spati)=0D
 xruti     xru      return                                    x1 (agent) re=
turns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 f=
rom x4   7f  49    [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (=3D se'ixru for =
agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in t=
he lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the lat=
ter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/ri=
kygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)=0D
 xukmi xum     xu'i chemical                                  x1 is an inst=
ance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3     =
         ah   2    (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)=0D
 xunre xun     xu'e red                                       x1 is red/cri=
mson/ruddy [color adjective]                                               =
         1a  86    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, ro=
zgu, zirpu)=0D
 xurdo xur     xu'o Urdu                                      x1 reflects U=
rdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2                              =
         ab   1    (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)=0D
 xusra xus     xu'a assert                                    x1 (agent) as=
serts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of au=
thority] 3j  91    [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that=
 x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)=0D
 xutla xul          smooth                                    x1 is smooth/=
even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity                                    =
         6f   4    (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)=0D
 za'i  zaz          state abstract                            abstractor: s=
tate (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true      =
         -         (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)=0D
 za'o          za'o superfective                              interval even=
t contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective  |   =
  ---->  at   0    (cf. dukse)=0D
 zabna zan     za'a favorable                                 x1 is a favor=
able connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3                     =
         3d  46    (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)=0D
 zajba zaj          gymnast                                   x1 is a gymna=
st at/performs gymnastics feat x2                                          =
         a    0    (cf. sluji, dansu)=0D
 zalvi zal          grind                'pulverize'          x1 [individua=
l or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3    =
         a    1    [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce,=
 canre, molki)=0D
 zanru zar     zau  approve                                   x1 approves o=
f/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)                             =
         8d  62    (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)=0D
 zarci zac     zai  market               'mart'               x1 is a marke=
t/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with partici=
pants x3 3m 290    [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, =
bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchangi=
ng coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of m=
arketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclu=
de the latter individual shops (=3D zaisle); x3 may include both owners/pro=
prietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to=
 the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)=0D
 zargu zag     za'u buttock              'arse'               x1 is a/the b=
uttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, sup=
port]    aa   0    [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)=0D
 zasni zas          temporary            'transient'          x1 is tempora=
ry/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expecta=
nt x3    7j   6    [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo=
, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)=0D
 zasti zat     za'i exist                                     x1 exists/is =
real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3                            =
         3j 104    [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u pla=
ce]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)=0D
 zbabu bab          soap                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 =
         ah   5    (cf. lumci, fonmo)=0D
 zbani              bay                                       x1 is a bay i=
n/of coast/shoreline x2                                                    =
         6c   6    (cf. lalxu, xamsi)=0D
 zbasu     zba      make                                      x1 makes/asse=
mbles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3  =
         7f 217    [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, l=
arcu, rutni, finti, gundi)=0D
 zbepi     zbe      pedestal             'base'               x1 is a pedes=
tal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties=
 x3      a    1    [pallet (=3D lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple,=
 ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)=0D
 zdani     zda      nest                 'den'                x1 is a nest/=
house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2                                            =
         4d 280    [home (=3D tercnizda), house (constructed building) (=3D=
 zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)=0D
 zdile     zdi      amusing              'amused'             x1 (abstract)=
 is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 =
about x1 5g  79    [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 i=
s amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/=
[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)=0D
 ze    zel          7                                         digit/number:=
 7 (digit)                                                                 =
         3a   0=0D
 ze'e          ze'e whole time interval                       time tense in=
terval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval)   =
         at   0=0D
 ze'o  zev     ze'o outward                                   location tens=
e relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ...                     =
         at   0=0D
 zekri zer     zei  crime                                     x1 (event/sta=
te) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2     =
         8d  24    [taboo (=3D kluzei, cacyzei); sin (=3D madzei, jdamadzei=
); heresy (=3D jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, jav=
ni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)=0D
 zenba zen     ze'a increase             'augment'            x1 (experienc=
er) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3=
         a   35    (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)=0D
 zepti zep          1E-21                'zepto'              x1 is 1x10**-=
21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                         =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso=
, zetro)=0D
 zetro zet          1E21                 'zetta'              x1 is 1x10**2=
1 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)                          =
         ae   0    (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xa=
mpo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, =
kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso=
, zepti)=0D
 zgana     zga      observe                                   x1 observes/[=
notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4      =
         6m 189    [behold/watch/gaze (=3D vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentine=
l (=3D zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna=
, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)=0D
 zgike     zgi gi'e music                                     x1 is music p=
erformed/produced by x2 (event)                                            =
         5g  55    [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, mus=
ical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (=3D zgica'a); play an in=
strument (=3D zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (=3D sag=
zgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (=3D zgivo'a); composed music (=3D =
finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tong=
a, xagri, siclu)=0D
 zi'o  zil          nonexistent it                            pro-sumti: fi=
lls a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri s=
emantics =0D
 zifre zif     zi'e free                                      x1 is free/at=
 liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3                     =
         8e  21    [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjectiv=
e:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally;=
 (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kak=
ne, frili)=0D
 zinki zin     zi'i zinc                                      x1 is a quant=
ity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal]               =
         ag   2    (cf. jinme)=0D
 zirpu zir     zi'u purple                                    x1 is purple/=
violet [color adjective]                                                   =
         1a   6    (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xu=
nre)=0D
 zivle ziv vle      invest                                    x1 (agent) in=
vests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/e=
vent)    8d   4    [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are=
 invested assets of x1; bond (=3D jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, de=
jni, ponse)=0D
 zmadu     zma mau  more                                      x1 exceeds/is=
 more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4          =
         6k 248    [also positive (=3D nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca=
, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)=0D
 zmiku     zmi      automatic                                 x1 is automat=
ic in function x2 under conditions x3                                      =
         7g   1    (cf. macnu)=0D
 zo'a  zon     zo'a tangential to                             location tens=
e relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ...                         =
         at   0    (cf. pencu, tanjo)=0D
 zo'i  zor     zo'i inward                                    location tens=
e relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ...          =
         at   0    (cf. nenri, setca)=0D
 zu'o  zum          activity abstract                         abstractor: a=
ctivity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of =
x2       -         (cf. zukte)=0D
 zukte zuk     zu'e act                                       x1 is a volit=
ional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3=
         2e 148    [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with=
 volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gu=
nka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, =
jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)=0D
 zumri     zmu      maize                                     x1 is a quant=
ity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2                             =
         aj   8    (cf. gurni)=0D
 zungi zug          guilt                                     x1 feels guil=
t/remorse about x2 (abstraction)                                           =
         9d   1    (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)=0D
 zunle zul          left                                      x1 is to the =
left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3             =
         1e  38    [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cm=
avo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)=0D
 zunti zun     zu'i interfere            'hinder'             x1 (evt./stat=
e) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality =
x3 (ka)  a   39    [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcin=
g cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, g=
anlo)=0D
 zutse zut tse      sit                                       x1 sits [assu=
mes sitting position] on surface x2                                        =
         1g 178    (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)=0D
 zvati     zva      at                                        x1 (object/ev=
ent) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location)                        =
         4d 184    [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that =
is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbi=
ni, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive=
, jundi, vitke)=0D

--NU0Ex4SbNnrxsi6C--