Received: from nobody by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with local (Exim 4.87) (envelope-from ) id 1cgatP-00080A-PP for lojban-newreal@lojban.org; Wed, 22 Feb 2017 09:39:56 -0800 Received: from [162.251.160.94] (port=53455 helo=mail.flowlesers.com) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.87) (envelope-from ) id 1cgatM-0007zP-Ku for lojban@lojban.org; Wed, 22 Feb 2017 09:39:54 -0800 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha1; c=relaxed/relaxed; s=dkim; d=flowlesers.com; h=Date:From:To:Subject:MIME-Version:Content-Type:List-Unsubscribe:Message-ID; i=margaret-morrison@flowlesers.com; bh=IBVxLU59urf7MeHaJl16UnMkWdE=; b=L6hqXTTCBCgqwkVPqvUB0uVC07/9OHhrD2LTClOw2n82pEeDmxog5DT+g+A3nFXzyltgln6SPTIB x2XfQZaGLz7NZzQnJc/I+HYvtIw0YDqZZLenvmKU9pBM0XsMwT+h8yVH7/IGUeFUjRqMHPKZhiZ2 vboL+mZNgwc7pqbV4YE= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; q=dns; s=dkim; d=flowlesers.com; b=PjjfOw0gq5Lg+IdZQvybrBYcz8LGlqJacDHQxcIB93aJi0sZaClIrSyu1jLldnLHX4iCdBmEdWrp 7qo3uYYW4fCynYQU9sBNaKo+XwAV5y+/GJQ0GEfB0FVdVtYNGQXVnJqBS/UuwzdiL1DNoiAAAfRS KF9/DPzz7P+qjTtj+2k=; Received: by mail.flowlesers.com id hln6580001g9 for ; Wed, 22 Feb 2017 12:25:30 -0500 (envelope-from ) Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2017 12:25:30 -0500 From: "Margaret Morrison" To: Subject: What has Trump done now? You wont believe it what your about to see (vid 99076223) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_1_782604826.1487784472826" X-SMTPAPI: {"category": "20170222-122605-934-300"} List-Unsubscribe: Feedback-ID: 20170222122605934300 Message-ID: <0.0.0.0.1D28D30AA8FFF66.210F8CF@mail.flowlesers.com> X-Spam-Score: 4.6 (++++) X-Spam_score: 4.6 X-Spam_score_int: 46 X-Spam_bar: ++++ X-Spam-Report: Spam detection software, running on the system "stodi.digitalkingdom.org", has NOT identified this incoming email as spam. The original message has been attached to this so you can view it or label similar future email. If you have any questions, see the administrator of that system for details. Content preview: Big White House Annoucement Tons of jobs created overnight Elon Musk chosen as a close advisor and everyone is applauding this great move. Get the full scoop that will change everything http://www.flowlesers.com/comprehends-Maldive/35an8F65aw4Q10bDxivLKhFxivLKhzils495 [...] Content analysis details: (4.6 points, 5.0 required) pts rule name description ---- ---------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 0.0 URIBL_BLOCKED ADMINISTRATOR NOTICE: The query to URIBL was blocked. See http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/DnsBlocklists#dnsbl-block for more information. [URIs: flowlesers.com] 2.5 URIBL_DBL_SPAM Contains a spam URL listed in the DBL blocklist [URIs: flowlesers.com] -0.0 SPF_PASS SPF: sender matches SPF record 0.0 HTML_FONT_LOW_CONTRAST BODY: HTML font color similar or identical to background -1.9 BAYES_00 BODY: Bayes spam probability is 0 to 1% [score: 0.0000] 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message 0.0 MIME_QP_LONG_LINE RAW: Quoted-printable line longer than 76 chars 1.9 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_E8_51_100 Razor2 gives engine 8 confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.5 RAZOR2_CF_RANGE_51_100 Razor2 gives confidence level above 50% [cf: 100] 0.9 RAZOR2_CHECK Listed in Razor2 (http://razor.sf.net/) -0.1 DKIM_VALID Message has at least one valid DKIM or DK signature 0.1 DKIM_SIGNED Message has a DKIM or DK signature, not necessarily valid -0.1 DKIM_VALID_AU Message has a valid DKIM or DK signature from author's domain 0.8 RDNS_NONE Delivered to internal network by a host with no rDNS ------=_Part_1_782604826.1487784472826 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Big White House Annoucement Tons of jobs created overnight Elon Musk chosen as a close advisor and everyone is applauding this great move. Get the full scoop that will change everything http://www.flowlesers.com/comprehends-Maldive/35an8F65aw4Q10bDxivLKhFxivLKhzils495 Overnight, more jobs-will pop up everywhere that everyone can take advatnage of. This comes as a great time for the President-as pressure was building for something great. Start reading more http://www.flowlesers.com/comprehends-Maldive/35an8F65aw4Q10bDxivLKhFxivLKhzils495 A number transposed in calculating the launch azimuth, a significant digit too few in measuring the fully loaded weight of the capsule, a mistake in accounting for the rockets speed and acceleration or the rotation of the Earth could cascade through the chain of dependencies, causing serious, perhaps catastrophic, consequences. So many ways to screw the pooch, and just one staggeringly complex, scrupulously modeled, endlessly rehearsed, indefatigably tested way to succeed. Nobody, of course, understood this better than astronaut John Glenn. The former Marine test pilot had campaigned fiercelyand unsuccessfullyto be the first of the Mercury Seven to navigate to the heavens. Now, NASA had picked Glenn for MA6, the orbital flight that would cast the die on the space agencys future, and he was leaving nothing to chance. He pushed himself to his physical limit, running miles each day to stay fit, tagteaming with fellow astronaut Scott Carpenter to practice water egress from the capsule in the Back River on Langleys East Side. With the experience of Alan Shepard and Virgil Grissom as a guide, NASA physicians worried a little less about the health hazards Glenn might face while on board, since in the capsule he would be hooked up to wires like a lab rat, his every vital sign transmitted to and monitored by the doctors on the ground. The specter of human error was everpresent, of course, so Glenn worked the simulators and procedures trainers obsessively, putting himself through hundreds of simulated missions, honing his responses to every failure scenario the engineers could imagine. As a seasoned test pilot, Glenn knew that the only way to remove all danger from the mission was to never leave Earth. The former Marine was the first pilot to average supersonic speeds in a transcontinental flight. From Project Mercurys outset, the NASA engineers had the delicate task of balancing the drive to get into space as quickly as possible with the risk they felt they could reasonably ask their human cargo to accept. Experience and analysis informed them that somewhere along this venturesome path they were certain to encounter unforeseen problems or run smack into the simple bad luck of statistics, that one time in a thousand when the worstcase scenario played out. What was within their control, however, they took pains to bulletproof, even if it meant stretchingthen breakingtheir timeline. Project Mercurys first orbital flight was originally slated to take place at the end of 1960, on President Eisenhowers watch. Additional testing and finetuninga cooling system bug here, an oxygen delivery glitch there, the need to implement improvements based on previous unmanned and suborbital flightsconspired to push the date into the administration of incoming President Kennedy. NASA set July 1961 as the new date for the orbital flight, then rescheduled it for October, then to December. Finally the mission slipped into 1962. While NASA appeared to be dithering on the ground, Russian cosmonaut Gherman Titov followed Yuri Gagarins April 1961 triumph with a successful seventeenorbit flight, nearly a full day in space, on October 6, 1961. American government officials, the press, and the public expressed their disappointment with the delays, many impugning the agencys judgment and competence. Even when the technical issues were http://www.flowlesers.com/comprehends-Maldive/44aU8*6q5a5R10blxivLKhFxivLKhzils3e1 Entering your email on this screen will process your elimination from our list of subcribers 547 S 7th St #473, Bismarck, ND 58504 http://www.flowlesers.com/42bQ8r95ap6E10bMxivLKhFxivLKhzils279/Philco-sprinter Eliminate your name from our index by confirming your preference right here Williamson Neiland ( 1486 Hague Ave Apt 2 St Paul Mn 55104-7474 in hand, the launch team had to contend with the weather. A long stretch of low, overcast skies at Cape Canaveral put the kibosh on two more scheduled launches, on January 20 and February 12, 1962. Finally, the Space Task Group affixed February 20, 1962, as John Glenns debut. The incessant delays and high stakes would have caused most individuals to lose their focus, but John Glenn gave eventempered, optimistic interviews to the impatient press and busied himself by keeping his mind and body in peak condition. Three days prior to the most significant date of his life, Glenn went through a final simulation, carrying out a full checkout of his flight plan. Before commending himself to his destiny, however, the astronaut implored the engineers to execute one more check: a review of the orbital trajectory that had been generated by the IBM 7090 computer. Many of the operational aspects of John Glenns upcoming flight had been refined by testing during the years follog Sputnik, and the knowledge and experience gleaned during the early days were consolidated during the execution of the suborbital flights. The recovery team confidently manned their stations around the globe, ready to haul the astronaut and his capsule out of the water. NASA put considerable effort into building redundancies and failsafes into the network of IBM computers and the eighteenstation Mercury tracking network. The astronauts, by background and by nature, resisted the computers and their ghostly intellects. In a test flight, a pilot staked his reputation and his life on his ability to exercise total, direct, controlled the computers trusted their computer, Katherine Johnson. It was as simple as eighthgrade math: by the transitive property of equality, therefore, John Glenn trusted Katherine Johnson. The message got through to John Mayer or Ted Skopinski, who relayed it to Al Hamer or Alton Mayo, who delivered it to the person it was intended for. Get the to check the numbers, said the astronaut. If she says the numbers are good, he told them, Im ready to go. The space age and television were coming into their own at the same time. NASA was acutely aware that the task before them wasnt only about making history but also about making a myth, adding a gripping new chapter to the American narrative that worshipped hard work, ingenuity, and the triumph of democracy. At the Cape, a behindthescenes camera captured extensive footage of the astronaut as he walked through each station of the trip he had already taken hundreds of times in NASA simulators, fodder for a documentary to be released later in the year. The agency sent a film crew to each of the remote tracking stations, recording the communications teams as they completed their preflight checkouts. And the footage that showed the secondbysecond drama in Mission Controlwhite guys in white shirts and skinny black ties wearing headphones, facing forward at long desks outfitted with communications consoles, mesmerized by the enormous electronic map of the world on the wall in front of themcreated the enduring image of the engineer at work. Meanwhile, away from the front lines, out of sight of the cameras, the black employees, whose numbers had been grog at Langley and all the NASA centers since the end of World War II, busily calculated numbers, ran simulations, wrote reports, and dreamed of space travel alongside their white counterparts, as curious as any other brain buster about what humanity might find once it had ventured far from its spherical island, and just as doggedly pushing for answers to their inquiries. Like her fellow West ian John Henry, the steeldriving man who faced off against the steam hammer, Katherine Johnson would soon be asked to match her wits against the prowess of the electronic computer. CHAPTER TWENTYONE Out of the Past, the Future Sending a man into space was a damn tall order, but it was the part about returning him safely to Earth that kept Katherine Johnson and the rest of the space pilgrims awake at night. Each mission presented myriad pathways to disaster, starting with the notoriously temperamental Atlas rocket, a ninetyfivefoothigh, 3.5horsepower intercontinental ballistic missile that had been modified to propel the Mercury capsule into orbit. Two of the Atlass last five sallies had ended in failure. One of them had surged into the sky before erupting into spectacular fireballs with the capsule still attached. That wasnt exactly a confidence builder for the man preparing to ride it into orbit, but it was the more powerful Atlas that would be required to accelerate the Mercury capsule to orbital velocity. The capsule itself was the most sophisticated tin can on the planet. The vehicles oxygen and pressurization systems stood between the astronaut and the lifecrushing vacuum of space. Those functions and moreevery switch, every indicator, every gaugehad to be tested and retested for any whiff of possible failure. As the rocket blasted from the launchpad and accelerated into the sky toward maximum velocity, the aerodynamic pressure on the capsule also increased to a point known as max Q. If the capsule wasnt strong enough to withstand the forces acting on it at max Q, it could simply explode. A Republican senator from Pennsylvania called the Mercury capsuleAtlas rocket pairing a Rube Goldberg device on top of a plumbers nightmare. Everything rested upon the brain busters mastery of the laws of physics and mathematics. The mission was colossal in its scope, but it required both extreme precision and the utmost accuracy. with lunar orbit rendezvous, one of the most ingenious and elegant solutions to the challenge of propelling extraordinarily heavy objects on the severalhundredthousandmile journey to the Moon and back. West Computing no longer existed as a physical space, but its alumni pushed their minds and hands in the service of the space programthough in Dorothy Vaughans case, it was an indirect effort. The computer minders of the two IBM 7090s being used to track the flight were ensconced at Goddard, and much of the analysis was being done in the Space Task Groups Mission Planning Analysis Division. The women and men in ACD were as busy as ever, however. Dorothys hunch that those who knew how to program the devices wouldnt want for work was a correct one. Though she wasnt on the front lines of the programming that was being done for Project Mercury, she did have a hand in the calculations that were used in Project Scout, a solidfuel rocket that Langley tested at the Wallops Island facility. She had even been making trips up to the test range for work. The Scout rocket had been an important part of laying the groundwork for the manned spaceflight efforts. Engineers used it to take a dummy astronaut, weighing as much as a real astronaut, At the Lewis Research Center in Ohio, a black scientist named Dudley McConnell was among the researchers working on aerodynamic heating, one of the most serious challenges facing the astronauts as they reentered Earths atmosphere and plummeted toward the ocean. Annie Easley, who had joined the Lewis Laboratory in 1955, was staffed on Project Centaur, developing a rocket stage that was ultimately used in the Atlas. At the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, which was charged with the operation of the two IBM 7090s that would track the spaceship and relay information to Mission Control, a Howard University graduate named Melba Roy oversaw a section of programmers working on trajectories. Also at Goddard was Dorothy Hoover, embarking on the third (or fourth, or maybe fifth) act of her career. Follog her graduate work at the University of Michigan, Hoover had worked at the Weather Bureau for three years. Perhaps nostalgic for the agency that had boosted her mathematical career, she transferred to Goddard in 1959, the only one of the centers that had been created organically out of NASA. Her career advance had continued; she now held a senior ranking of GS13. While her colleagues at Langley put their minds to work on the engineering project of the century, Dorothy Hoover folded herself back into the theoretical work she loved, continuing her publication record with a coauthored book on computational physics. It was at Langley where the progress of the last two decades was most evident. At the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel, Thomas Byrdsong got a head start on the long road to the Moon by testing a model of the Saturn rocket, a launch vehicle the size of a redwood tree. Engineer Jim Williams, still on the team with John D. Jaybird Bird, was already helping to work toward President Kennedys pledge of a Moon landing. The division would be associated and constant control over the plane. A tiny error in judgment or a speck of delay in deciding on a course of action might mean the difference between safety and calamity. In a plane, at least, it was the pilots call; the flybywire setup of the Mercury missions, where the craft and its controls were tethered via radio communication to the whirring electronic computers on the ground, pushed the handson astronauts out of their comfort zone. Every engineer and mathematician had a story of doublechecking the machines data only to find errors. What if the computer lost power or seized up and stopped working during the flight? That too was something that happened often enough to give the entire team pause. The human computers crunching all of those numbersnow that the astronauts understood. The women mathematicians dominated their mechanical calculators the same way the test pilots dominated their mechanical planes. The numbers went into the machines one at a time, came out one at a time, and were stored on a piece of paper for anyone to see. Most importantly, the figures flowed in and out of the mind of a real person, someone who could be reasoned with, questioned, challenged, looked in the eye if necessary. The process of arriving at a final result was tried and true, and completely transparent. Spaceshipflying computers might be the future, but it didnt mean John Glenn had to trust them. He did, however, trust the brainy fellas who controlled the computers. And the brainy fellas who ------=_Part_1_782604826.1487784472826 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable =20 =20 walk to the succes=20 =20 =20 =20 Big White House Annoucement
Tons of jobs created overnight =20 3D""
Elon Musk chosen as = a close advisor and everyone is applauding this great move.

Get the full scoop that will change everything

Overnight, more jobs-will pop up everywhere that everyone can take= advatnage of. This comes as a great time for the President-as pressure was= building for something great.

Start reading more

=20 A number transposed in calculating the launch azimuth, a significant digit too few in measuring the fully loaded weight of the capsule, a mistake in accounting for the rockets speed and acceleration or the rotation of the Earth could cascade through the chain of dependencies, causing serious, perhaps catastrophic, consequences. So many ways to screw the pooch, and just one staggeringly complex, scrupulously modeled, endlessly rehearsed, indefatigably tested way to succeed. Nobody, of course, understood this better than astronaut John Glenn. The former Marine test pilot had campaigned fiercelyand unsuccessfullyto be the first of the Mercury Seven to navigate to the heavens. Now, NASA had picked Glenn for MA6, the orbital flight that would cast the die on the space agencys future, and he was leaving nothing to chance. He pushed himself to his physical limit, running miles each day to stay fit, tagteaming with fellow astronaut Scott Carpenter to practice water egress from the capsule in the Back River on Langleys East Side. With the experience of Alan Shepard and Virgil Grissom as a guide, NASA physicians worried a little less about the health hazards Glenn might face while on board, since in the capsule he would be hooked up to wires like a lab rat, his every vital sign transmitted to and monitored by the doctors on the ground. The specter of human error was everpresent, of course, so Glenn worked the simulators and procedures trainers obsessively, putting himself through hundreds of simulated missions, honing his responses to every failure scenario the engineers could imagine. = As a seasoned test pilot, Glenn knew that the only way to remove all danger from the mission was to never leave Earth. The former Marine was the first pilot to average supersonic speeds in a transcontinental flight. From Project Mercurys outset, the NASA engineers had the delicate task of balancing the drive to get into space as quickly as possible with the risk they felt they could reasonably ask their human cargo to accept. Experience and analysis informed them that somewhere along this venturesome path they were certain to encounter unforeseen problems or run smack into the simple bad luck of statistics, that one time in a thousand when the worstcase scenario played out. What was within their control, however, they took pains to bulletproof, even if it meant stretchingthen breakingtheir timeline. Project Mercurys first orbital flight was originally slated to take place at the end of 1960, on President Eisenhowers watch. Additional testing and finetuninga cooling system bug here, an oxygen delivery glitch there, the need to implement improvements based on previous unmanned and suborbital flightsconspired to push the date into the administration of incoming President Kennedy. NASA set July 1961 as the new date for the orbital flight, then rescheduled it for October, then to December. Finally the mission slipped into 1962. While NASA appeared to be dithering on the ground, Russian cosmonaut Gherman Titov followed Yuri Gagarins April 1961 triumph with a successful seventeenorbit flight, nearly a full day in space, on October 6, 1961. American government officials, the press, and the public expressed their disappointment with the delays, many impugning the agencys judgment and competence. Even when the technical issues were =20
=20 Entering your = email on this screen will process your = elimination from our list of subcribers<= br /> 547 S 7th St #473, Bismarck, ND 58504


= Eliminate your name from our index by confirming your preference right here
Williamson Neiland ( 1486 Hague Ave Apt 2 St Paul Mn 55104-7474 =20

=20 in hand, the launch team had to contend with the weather. A long stretch of low, overcast skies at Cape Canaveral put the kibosh on two more scheduled launches, on January 20 and February 12, 1962. Finally, the Space Task Group affixed February 20, 1962, as John Glenns debut. The incessant delays and high stakes would have caused most individuals to lose their focus, but John Glenn gave eventempered, optimistic interviews to the impatient press and busied himself by keeping his mind and body in peak condition. Three days prior to the most significant date of his life, Glenn went through a final simulation, carrying out a full checkout of his flight plan. Before commending himself to his destiny, however, the astronaut implored the engineers to execute one more check: a review of the orbital trajectory that had been generated by the IBM 7090 computer. Many of the operational aspects of John Glenns upcoming flight had been refined by testing during the years follog Sputnik, and the knowledge and experience gleaned during the early days were consolidated during the execution of the suborbital flights. The recovery team confidently manned their stations around the globe, ready to haul the astronaut and his capsule out of the water. NASA put considerable effort into building redundancies and failsafes into the network of IBM computers and the eighteenstation Mercury tracking network. The astronauts, by background and by nature, resisted the computers and their ghostly intellects. In a test flight, a pilot staked his reputation and his life on his ability to exercise total, direct, = controlled the computers trusted their computer, Katherine Johnson. It was as simple as eighthgrade math: by the transitive property of equality, therefore, John Glenn trusted Katherine Johnson. The message got through to John Mayer or Ted Skopinski, who relayed it to Al Hamer or Alton Mayo, who delivered it to the person it was intended for. Get the to check the numbers, said the astronaut. If she says the numbers are good, he told them, Im ready to go. The space age and television were coming into their own at the same time. NASA was acutely aware that the task before them wasnt only about making history but also about making a myth, adding a gripping new chapter to the American narrative that worshipped hard work, ingenuity, and the triumph of democracy. At the Cape, a behindthescenes camera captured extensive footage of the astronaut as he walked through each station of the trip he had already taken hundreds of times in NASA simulators, fodder for a documentary to be released later in the year. The agency sent a film crew to each of the remote tracking stations, recording the communications teams as they completed their preflight checkouts. And the footage that showed the secondbysecond drama in Mission Controlwhite guys in white shirts and skinny black ties wearing headphones, facing forward at long desks outfitted with communications consoles, mesmerized by the enormous electronic map of the world on the wall in front of themcreated the enduring image of the engineer at work. Meanwhile, away from the front lines, out of sight of the cameras, the black employees, whose numbers had been grog at Langley and all the NASA centers since the end of World War II, busily calculated numbers, ran simulations, wrote reports, and dreamed of space travel alongside their white counterparts, as curious as any other brain buster about what humanity might find once it had ventured far from its spherical island, and just as doggedly pushing for answers to their inquiries. =20 Like her fellow West ian John Henry, the steeldriving man who faced off against the steam hammer, Katherine Johnson would soon be asked to match her wits against the prowess of the electronic computer. CHAPTER TWENTYONE Out of the Past, the Future Sending a man into space was a damn tall order, but it was the part about returning him safely to Earth that kept Katherine Johnson and the rest of the space pilgrims awake at night. Each mission presented myriad pathways to disaster, starting with the notoriously temperamental Atlas rocket, a ninetyfivefoothigh, 3.5horsepower intercontinental ballistic missile that had been modified to propel the Mercury capsule into orbit. Two of the Atlass last five sallies had ended in failure. One of them had surged into the sky before erupting into spectacular fireballs with the capsule still attached. That wasnt exactly a confidence builder for the man preparing to ride it into orbit, but it was the more powerful Atlas that would be required to accelerate the Mercury capsule to orbital velocity. The capsule itself was the most sophisticated tin can on the planet. The vehicles oxygen and pressurization systems stood between the astronaut and the lifecrushing vacuum of space. Those functions and moreevery switch, every indicator, every gaugehad to be tested and retested for any whiff of possible failure. As the rocket blasted from the launchpad and accelerated into the sky toward maximum velocity, the aerodynamic pressure on the capsule also increased to a point known as max Q. If the capsule wasnt strong enough to withstand the forces acting on it at max Q, it could simply explode. A Republican senator from Pennsylvania called the Mercury capsuleAtlas rocket pairing a Rube Goldberg device on top of a plumbers nightmare. Everything rested upon the brain busters mastery of the laws of physics and mathematics. The mission was colossal in its scope, but it required both extreme precision and the utmost accuracy. = with lunar orbit rendezvous, one of the most ingenious and elegant solutions to the challenge of propelling extraordinarily heavy objects on the severalhundredthousandmile journey to the Moon and back. West Computing no longer existed as a physical space, but its alumni pushed their minds and hands in the service of the space programthough in Dorothy Vaughans case, it was an indirect effort. The computer minders of the two IBM 7090s being used to track the flight were ensconced at Goddard, and much of the analysis was being done in the Space Task Groups Mission Planning Analysis Division. The women and men in ACD were as busy as ever, however. Dorothys hunch that those who knew how to program the devices wouldnt want for work was a correct one. Though she wasnt on the front lines of the programming that was being done for Project Mercury, she did have a hand in the calculations that were used in Project Scout, a solidfuel rocket that Langley tested at the Wallops Island facility. She had even been making trips up to the test range for work. The Scout rocket had been an important part of laying the groundwork for the manned spaceflight efforts. Engineers used it to take a dummy astronaut, weighing as much as a real astronaut, =20 At the Lewis Research Center in Ohio, a black scientist named Dudley McConnell was among the researchers working on aerodynamic heating, one of the most serious challenges facing the astronauts as they reentered Earths atmosphere and plummeted toward the ocean. Annie Easley, who had joined the Lewis Laboratory in 1955, was staffed on Project Centaur, developing a rocket stage that was ultimately used in the Atlas. At the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, which was charged with the operation of the two IBM 7090s that would track the spaceship and relay information to Mission Control, a Howard University graduate named Melba Roy oversaw a section of programmers working on trajectories. Also at Goddard was Dorothy Hoover, embarking on the third (or fourth, or maybe fifth) act of her career. Follog her graduate work at the University of Michigan, Hoover had worked at the Weather Bureau for three years. Perhaps nostalgic for the agency that had boosted her mathematical career, she transferred to Goddard in 1959, the only one of the centers that had been created organically out of NASA. Her career advance had continued; she now held a senior ranking of GS13. While her colleagues at Langley put their minds to work on the engineering project of the century, Dorothy Hoover folded herself back into the theoretical work she loved, continuing her publication record with a coauthored book on computational physics. It was at Langley where the progress of the last two decades was most evident. At the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel, Thomas Byrdsong got a head start on the long road to the Moon by testing a model of the Saturn rocket, a launch vehicle the size of a redwood tree. Engineer Jim Williams, still on the team with John D. Jaybird Bird, was already helping to work toward President Kennedys pledge of a Moon landing. The division would be associated = and constant control over the plane. A tiny error in judgment or a speck of delay in deciding on a course of action might mean the difference between safety and calamity. In a plane, at least, it was the pilots call; the flybywire setup of the Mercury missions, where the craft and its controls were tethered via radio communication to the whirring electronic computers on the ground, pushed the handson astronauts out of their comfort zone. Every engineer and mathematician had a story of doublechecking the machines data only to find errors. What if the computer lost power or seized up and stopped working during the flight? That too was something that happened often enough to give the entire team pause. The human computers crunching all of those numbersnow that the astronauts understood. The women mathematicians dominated their mechanical calculators the same way the test pilots dominated their mechanical planes. The numbers went into the machines one at a time, came out one at a time, and were stored on a piece of paper for anyone to see. Most importantly, the figures flowed in and out of the mind of a real person, someone who could be reasoned with, questioned, challenged, looked in the eye if necessary. The process of arriving at a final result was tried and true, and completely transparent. Spaceshipflying computers might be the future, but it didnt mean John Glenn had to trust them. He did, however, trust the brainy fellas who controlled the computers. And the brainy fellas who =20 3D""/ ------=_Part_1_782604826.1487784472826--