Received: from mail-gx0-f189.google.com ([209.85.161.189]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from ) id 1PDm9a-0002S8-Jr; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 15:50:07 -0700 Received: by gxk28 with SMTP id 28sf1503773gxk.16 for ; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 15:49:56 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=domainkey-signature:received:mime-version:x-beenthere:received :received:received:received:received:received-spf:received:received :received:date:message-id:to:subject:from:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe :list-unsubscribe:content-type:content-transfer-encoding; bh=yg/1jL3lN4V9qxobogQpcMylUOyhz8q9Da4g6PtnMAQ=; b=6ENPmThhBhUBAv3KBx/TQ9UI97lQ98KbROjGLFwzs1k5iVF2hYXURRUBi1bqBDVRXo AkWvmNFyw6vIZ9xf/dyvDXCBsD4FcfIcEqOYtjzs0HOuXqee1PQo6oAtsrRPEvQNQMoF iv4jGN200JrNIp27fRPzWZKqtO+lx/GiIR1X8= DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; c=nofws; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=mime-version:x-beenthere:received-spf:date:message-id:to:subject :from:x-original-sender:x-original-authentication-results:reply-to :precedence:mailing-list:list-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive :sender:list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type :content-transfer-encoding; b=oI3At0j68lbvXY86kdHa2uGfskb9PbMcuEapz1w8NJrAPdO3J+2qBjzbu/QcpxkQLJ OU2z1U2j7HVDqJ8O6s0DnOncS1VKOI3kHdrPPel0ipFsx/E6cMP/LfKW4Y8ByJg5awBe KoJFWl4DB30AxQGp8mEVhDdGKCaD1dtoJavOg= Received: by 10.90.173.15 with SMTP id v15mr16416age.55.1288824590984; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 15:49:50 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 X-BeenThere: bpfk-list@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.90.102.16 with SMTP id z16ls341568agb.4.p; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 15:49:50 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.151.14.5 with SMTP id r5mr424169ybi.28.1288824590365; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 15:49:50 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.142.165.11 with SMTP id n11mr4994528wfe.43.1288761669098; Tue, 02 Nov 2010 22:21:09 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.142.165.11 with SMTP id n11mr4994527wfe.43.1288761669048; Tue, 02 Nov 2010 22:21:09 -0700 (PDT) Received: from chain.digitalkingdom.org (digitalkingdom.org [173.13.139.234]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTP id f13si14312875wfo.0.2010.11.02.22.21.08; Tue, 02 Nov 2010 22:21:09 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of nobody@digitalkingdom.org designates 173.13.139.234 as permitted sender) client-ip=173.13.139.234; Received: from nobody by chain.digitalkingdom.org with local (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from ) id 1PDVmW-0005f4-Bv for bpfk-list@googlegroups.com; Tue, 02 Nov 2010 22:21:08 -0700 Received: from 128-177-28-49.ip.openhosting.com ([128.177.28.49] helo=oh-www1.lojban.org) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (Exim 4.72) (envelope-from ) id 1PDVmR-0005ej-7S for bpfk@lojban.org; Tue, 02 Nov 2010 22:21:08 -0700 Received: from www-data by oh-www1.lojban.org with local (Exim 4.71) (envelope-from ) id 1PDVmQ-0004x1-4n for bpfk@lojban.org; Wed, 03 Nov 2010 01:21:02 -0400 Date: Wed, 03 Nov 2010 01:21:02 -0400 Message-Id: To: bpfk@lojban.org Subject: [bpfk] dag-cll git updates for Wed Nov 3 01:21:02 EDT 2010 From: www-data X-Original-Sender: www-data@oh-www1.lojban.org X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of nobody@digitalkingdom.org designates 173.13.139.234 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=nobody@digitalkingdom.org Reply-To: bpfk-list@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list bpfk-list@googlegroups.com; contact bpfk-list+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: bpfk-list@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Length: 15889 commit 5f722160b02fcb23a53decbc582c8493240acecd Author: Robin Lee Powell Date: Tue Nov 2 21:44:45 2010 -0700 Chapter 19 mods to conform with the book. diff --git a/19/10/index.html b/19/10/index.html index 9f608f3..6b3f49e 100644 --- a/19/10/index.html +++ b/19/10/index.html @@ -30,21 +30,21 @@ zo ZO quote single word zoi ZOI non-Lojban quotation la'o ZOI non-Lojban name

The cmavo =93zo=94 (of selma'o ZO) is a strong quotation mark for the s= ingle following word, which can be any Lojban word whatsoever. Among other = uses, =93zo=94 allows a metalinguistic word to be referenced without having= it act on the surrounding text. The word must be a morphologically legal (= but not necessarily meaningful) single Lojban word; compound cmavo are not = permitted. For example:

 10.1)  zo si cu lojbo valsi
        =93si=94 is a Lojbanic word.

Since =93zo=94 acts on a single word only, there is no corresponding termi= nator. Brevity, then, is a great advantage of =93zo=94, since the terminato= rs for other kinds of quotation are rarely or never elidable. -

The cmavo =93zoi=94 (of selma'o ZOI) is a quotation mark for quoting un= lexable (non-Lojban) text. Its syntax is =93zoi X. text .X=94, where X is a= Lojban word (called the delimiting word) which is separated from the quote= d text by pauses, and which is not found in the written text or spoken phon= eme stream. It is common, but not required, to use the lerfu word (of selma= 'o BY) which corresponds to the Lojban name of the language being quoted: +

The cmavo =93zoi=94 (of selma'o ZOI) is a quotation mark for quoting no= n-Lojban text. Its syntax is =93zoi X. text .X=94, where X is a Lojban word= (called the delimiting word) which is separated from the quoted text by pa= uses, and which is not found in the written text or spoken phoneme stream. = It is common, but not required, to use the lerfu word (of selma'o BY) which= corresponds to the Lojban name of the language being quoted:

 10.2)  zoi gy. John is a man .gy. cu glico ju=
fra
        =93John is a man=94 is an English sentence.

where =93gy=94 stands for =93glico=94. Other popular choices of delimiting= words are =93.kuot.=94, a Lojban name which sounds like the English word = =93quote=94, and the word =93zoi=94 itself. Another possibility is a Lojban= word suggesting the topic of the quotation.

Within written text, the Lojban written word used as a delimiting word = may not appear, whereas within spoken text, the sound of the delimiting wor= d may not be uttered. This leads to occasional breakdowns of audio-visual i= somorphism: Example 10.3 is fine in speech but un= grammatical as written, whereas Example 10.4 is c= orrect when written but ungrammatical in speech.

 10.3)  ?mi djuno fi le valsi po'u zoi gy. gyr=
ations .gy.
        I know about the word which-is =93gyrations=94.
=20
diff --git a/19/12/index.html b/19/12/index.html
index 17be163..f5f8f71 100644
--- a/19/12/index.html
+++ b/19/12/index.html
@@ -52,21 +52,21 @@
 When marked with =93sei=94, a metalinguistic utterance can be embedded =
in another utterance as a discursive. In this way, discursives which do not=
 have cmavo assigned in selma'o UI can be expressed:
  12.3)  la frank. prami sei la frank. gleki la=
 djein.
        Frank loves (Frank is happy) Jane.
 
 Using the happiness attitudinal, =93.ui=94, would imply that the speaker w=
as happy. Instead, the speaker attributes happiness to Frank. It would prob=
ably be safe to elide the one who is happy, and say:
  12.4)  la frank. prami sei gleki la djein.
        Frank loves (he is happy) Jane.
 
-The grammar of the bridi following =93sei=94 has an unusual limitation: th=
e sumti must either all precede the selbri, or must be glued into the selbr=
i with =93be=94 and =93bei=94:
+The grammar of the bridi following =93sei=94 has an unusual limitation: th=
e sumti must either precede the selbri, or must be glued into the selbri wi=
th =93be=94 and =93bei=94:
  12.5)  la frank. prami sei gleki be fa la suz=
n. la djein.
        Frank loves (Susan is happy) Jane.
 
 This restriction allows the terminator cmavo =93se'u=94 to almost always b=
e elided.
 Since a discursive utterance is working at a =93higher=94 level of abst=
raction than a non-discursive utterance, a non-discursive utterance cannot =
refer to a discursive utterance. Specifically, the various back-counting, r=
eciprocal, and reflexive constructs in selma'o KOhA ignore the utterances a=
t =93higher=94 metalinguistic levels in determining their referent. It is p=
ossible, and sometimes necessary, to refer to lower metalinguistic levels. =
For example, the English =93he said=94 in a conversation is metalinguistic.=
 For this purpose, quotations are considered to be at a lower metalinguisti=
c level than the surrounding context (a quoted text cannot refer to the sta=
tements of the one who quotes it), whereas parenthetical remarks are consid=
ered to be at a higher level than the context.
 Lojban works differently from English in that the =93he said=94 can be =
marked instead of the quotation. In Lojban, you can say:
  12.6)  la djan. cusku lu mi klama le zarci li=
'u
        John expresses =93I go to-the store=94.
diff --git a/19/13/index.html b/19/13/index.html
index 208351b..fe8c60f 100644
--- a/19/13/index.html
+++ b/19/13/index.html
@@ -49,21 +49,21 @@ In order to erase the word =93zo=94, it is necessary to=
 use three =93si=94 cmavo
 The first use of =93si=94 does not erase anything, but completes the =93zo=
=94 quotation. Two more =93si=94 cmavo are then necessary to erase the firs=
t =93si=94 and the =93zo=94.
 Incorrect names can likewise cause trouble with =93si=94:
  13.4)  mi tavla fo la .esperanto si si .esper=
anton.
        I talk in-language that-named =93and=94 =93speranto=94, er, er, Esp=
eranto.
 
 The Lojbanized spelling =93.esperanto=94 breaks up, as a consequence of th=
e Lojban morphology rules (see Chapter 4) into t=
wo Lojban words, the cmavo =93.e=94 and the undefined fu'ivla =93speranto=
=94. Therefore, two =93si=94 cmavo are needed to erase them. Of course, =93=
.e speranto=94 is not grammatical after =93la=94, but recognition of =93si=
=94 is done before grammatical analysis.
 Even more messy is the result of an incorrect =93zoi=94:
  13.5)  mi cusku zoi fy. gy. .fy.  si si si si=
 zo .djan
-       I express [foreign] [quote] =93sy=94 [unquote], er, er, er, er, =93=
John=94.
+       I express [foreign] [quote] =93gy=94 [unquote], er, er, er, er, =93=
John=94.
 
 In Example 13.5, the first =93fy=94 is taken to =
be the delimiting word. The next word must be different from the delimiting=
 word, and =93gy.=94, the Lojban name for the letter =93g=94, was chosen ar=
bitrarily. Then the delimiting word must be repeated. For purposes of =93si=
=94 erasure, the entire quoted text is taken to be a word, so four words ha=
ve been uttered, and four more =93si=94 cmavo are needed to erase them alto=
gether. Similarly, a stray =93lo'u=94 quotation mark must be erased with =
=93fy. le'u si si si=94, by completing the quotation and then erasing it al=
l with three =93si=94 cmavo.
 What if less than the entire =93zo=94 or =93zoi=94 construct is erased?=
 The result is something which has a loose =93zo=94 or =93zoi=94 in it, wit=
hout its expected sequels, and which is incurably ungrammatical. Thus, to e=
rase just the word quoted by =93zo=94, it turns out to be necessary to eras=
e the =93zo=94 as well:
  13.6)  mi se cmene zo .djan.  si si zo .djord=
j.
        I am-named-by the-word =93John=94, er, er, the-word =93George=94.
 
 The parser will reject =93zo .djan. si .djordj.=94, because in that contex=
t =93djordj.=94 is a name (of selma'o CMENE) rather than a quoted word.
 Note: The current machine parser does not implement =93si=94 erasure.
 
As the above examples plainly show, precise erasures with =93si=94 can =
be extremely hard to get right. Therefore, the cmavo =93sa=94 (of selma'o S=
A) is provided for erasing more than one word. The cmavo following =93sa=94=
 should be the starting marker of some grammatical construct. The effect of=
 the =93sa=94 is to erase back to and including the last starting marker of=
 the same kind. For example:
diff --git a/19/2/index.html b/19/2/index.html
index 34284ce..f954cc4 100644
--- a/19/2/index.html
+++ b/19/2/index.html
@@ -18,31 +18,31 @@
 Next
 Paragraphs: NIhO
 
 
 Putting It All Together: Notes on the Struc=
ture of Lojban Texts
 The Lojban Reference Gram=
mar
 
 
 
 2. Sentences: I
-The following cmavo are discussed in this section:
+The following cmavo is discussed in this section:
       .i      I       sentence separator
 
 Since Lojban is audio-visually isomorphic, there needs to be a spoken a=
nd written way of signaling the end of a sentence and the start of the foll=
owing one. In written English, a period serves this purpose; in spoken Engl=
ish, a tone contour (rising or falling) usually does the job, or sometimes =
a long pause. Lojban uses a single separator: the cmavo =93.i=94 (of selma'=
o I):
  2.1)   mi klama le zarci .i do cadzu le bisli
        I go to-the store. You walk on-the ice.
 
 The word =93separator=94 should be noted. =93.i=94 is not normally used af=
ter the last sentence nor before the first one, although both positions are=
 technically grammatical. =93.i=94 signals a new sentence on the same topic=
, not necessarily by the same speaker. The relationship between the sentenc=
es is left vague, except in stories, where the relationship usually is temp=
oral, and the following sentence states something that happened after the p=
revious sentence.
-Note that although the first letter of an English sentence is capitaliz=
ed, the cmavo =93.i=94 is never capitalized. In writing, it is appropriate =
to place extra space before =93.i=94 to make it stand out better for the re=
ader. In some styles of Lojban writing that have been used so far, every =
=93.i=94 is placed at the beginning of a line, possibly leaving space at th=
e end of the previous line.
+Note that although the first letter of an English sentence is capitaliz=
ed, the cmavo =93.i=94 is never capitalized. In writing, it is appropriate =
to place extra space before =93.i=94 to make it stand out better for the re=
ader. In some styles of Lojban writing, every =93.i=94 is placed at the beg=
inning of a line, possibly leaving space at the end of the previous line.
 
An =93.i=94 cmavo may or may not be used when the speaker of the follow=
ing sentence is different from the speaker of the preceding sentence, depen=
ding on whether the sentences are felt to be connected or not.
 An =93.i=94 cmavo can be compounded with a logical or non-logical conne=
ctive (a jek or joik), a modal or tense connective, or both: these construc=
ts are explained in Chapter 9, Chapter 10, and Chapter 14. In all c=
ases, the =93.i=94 comes first in the compound. Attitudinals can also be at=
tached to an =93.i=94 if they are meant to apply to the whole sentence: see=
 Chapter 13.
 There exist a pair of mechanisms for binding a sequence of sentences cl=
osely together. If the =93.i=94 (with or without connectives) is followed b=
y =93bo=94 (of selma'o BO), then the two sentences being separated are unde=
rstood to be more closely grouped than sentences connected by =93.i=94 alon=
e.
 Similarly, a group of sentences can be preceded by =93tu'e=94 (of selma=
'o TUhE) and followed by =93tu'u=94 (of selma'o TUhU) to fuse them into a s=
ingle unit. A common use of =93tu'e ... tu'u=94 is to group the sentences w=
hich compose a poem: the title sentence would precede the group, separated =
from it by =93.i=94. Another use might be a set of directions, where each n=
umbered direction might be surrounded by =93tu'e ... tu'u=94 and contain on=
e or more sentences separated by =93.i=94. Grouping with =93tu'e=94 and =93=
tu'u=94 is analogous to grouping with =93ke=94 and =93ke'e=94 to establish =
the scope of logical or non-logical connectives (see Chapter 14).
 
 
 
 Previous<=
/div>
 Introductory
 
diff --git a/19/6/index.html b/19/6/index.html
index 61c25ee..195b607 100644
--- a/19/6/index.html
+++ b/19/6/index.html
@@ -45,21 +45,21 @@ And reordering of the place structures might produce:
 6.3)   fo le dargu fi le zdani fa mi fe le za=
rci fu le karce cu klama
        Via the road, from the house, I, to the market, using-the car, go.
 
 Examples 6.1 to 6.3 all =
mean the same thing. But consider the lujvo =93nunkla=94, formed by applyin=
g the abstraction operator =93nu=94 to =93klama=94:
  6.4)   la'edi'u cu nunkla
             mi le zarci le zdani le dargu le karce
        The-referent-of-the-previous-sentence is-an-event-of-going
             by-me to-the market from-the house via-the road using-the car.
 
-Example 6.4 shows that =93nunkla=94 has six place=
s: the five places of =93klama=94 plus a new one (placed first) for the eve=
nt itself. Performing transformations similar to that of Example 6.2 requires an additional conversion cmavo that exchanges t=
he x1 and x6 places. The solution is to use any cmavo of SE with a subscrip=
t:
+Example 6.4 shows that =93nunkla=94 has six place=
s: the five places of =93klama=94 plus a new one (placed first) for the eve=
nt itself. Performing transformations similar to that of Example 6.2 requires an additional conversion cmavo that exchanges t=
he x1 and x6 places. The solution is to use any cmavo of SE with a subscrip=
t "6" (see Chapter 19):
  6.5)   le karce cu sexixa nunkla mi
             le zarci le zdani le dargu la'edi'u
        The car is-a-transportation-means-in-the-event-of-going by-me
             to-the market via-the road which-is-referred-to-by-the-last-se=
ntence.
 
 Likewise, a sixth place tag can be created by using any cmavo of FA with a=
 subscript:
  6.6)   fu le dargu fo le zdani fe mi fa la'ed=
i'u
             fi le zarci faxixa le karce cu nunkla

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