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Had to add the entire YACC cross-ref back. That really shouldn't be manual, but that's for another day. diff --git a/21/1/index.html b/21/1/index.html index 64d5c08..dfa88c4 100644 --- a/21/1/index.html +++ b/21/1/index.html @@ -19,62 +19,55 @@

EBNF Grammar of Lojban

Formal Grammars

Chapter 21
Formal Grammars

The following two listings constitute the formal grammar of Lojban. The= first version is written in the YACC language, which is used to describe p= arsers, and has been used to create a parser for Lojban texts. This parser = is available from the Logical Language Group. The second listing is in Exte= nded Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) and represents the same grammar in a more huma= n-readable form. (In case of discrepancies, the YACC version is official.) = There is a cross-reference listing for each format that shows, for each sel= ma'o and rule, which rules refer to it.

1. YACC Grammar of Lojban

/* LOJBAN MACHINE GRAMMAR, 3RD BASELINE AS OF 10 JANUARY= 1997
-WHICH IS ORIGINAL BASELINE 20 JULY 1990 INCORPORATING JC=92S TECH FIXES 1-= 28
-THIS DRAFT ALSO INCORPORATES CHANGE PROPOSALS 1-47 DATED 29 DECEMBER 1996<= br /> -
-THIS DOCUMENT IS EXPLICITLY DEDICATED TO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
-BY ITS AUTHOR, THE LOGICAL LANGUAGE GROUP INC.
-CONTACT THAT ORGANIZATION AT 2904 BEAU LANE, FAIRFAX VA 22031 USA
-U.S. PHONE: 703-385-0273
-INTL PHONE: +1 703 385-0273

/* /*Lojban Machine Grammar, Final Baseline The Lojban M= achine Grammardocument is explicitly dedicated to the public domain by its = author,The Logical Language Group, Inc.

grammar.300 */

/* The Lojban machine parsing algorithm is a multi-step process. The YA= CC machine grammar presented here is an amalgam of those steps, concatenate= d so as to allow YACC to verify the syntactic ambiguity of the grammar. YAC= C is used to generate a parser for a portion of the grammar, which is LALR1= (the type of grammar that YACC is designed to identify and process success= fully), but most of the rest of the grammar must be parsed using some langu= age-coded processing.

Step 1 - Lexing

From phonemes, stress, and pause, it is possible to resolve Lojban unam= biguously into a stream of words. Any machine processing of speech will hav= e to have some way to deal with =92non-Lojban=92 failures of fluent speech,= of course. The resolved words can be expressed as a text file, using Lojba= n=92s phonetic spelling rules.

The following steps, assume that there is the possibility of non-Lojban= text within the Lojban text (delimited appropriately). Such non-Lojban tex= t may not be reducible from speech phonetically. However, step 2 allows the= filtering of a phonetically transcribed text stream, to recognize such por= tions of non-Lojban text where properly delimited, without interference wit= h the parsing algorithm.

The following steps assume that there is the possibility of non-Lojban = text within the Lojban text (delimited appropriately). Such non-Lojban text= may not be reducible from speech phonetically. However, step 2 allows the = filtering of a phonetically transcribed text stream, to recognize such port= ions of non-Lojban text where properly delimited, without interference with= the parsing algorithm.

Step 2 - Filtering

From start to end, performing the following filtering and lexing tasks = using the given order of precedence in case of conflict:

a. If the Lojban word =93zoi=94 (selma'o ZOI) is identified, take the f= ollowing Lojban word (which should be end delimited with a pause for separa= tion from the following non-Lojban text) as an opening delimiter. Treat all= text following that delimiter, until that delimiter recurs *after a pause*= , as grammatically a single token (labelled =92anything_6= 99=92 in this grammar). There is no need for processing within this tex= t except as necessary to find the closing delimiter.

a. If the Lojban word =93zoi=94 (selma'o ZOI) is identified, take the f= ollowing Lojban word (which should be end delimited with a pause for separa= tion from the following non-Lojban text) as an opening delimiter. Treat all= text following that delimiter, until that delimiter recurs after a pau= se, as grammatically a single token (labelled =92any= thing_699=92 in this grammar). There is no need for processing within t= his text except as necessary to find the closing delimiter.

b. If the Lojban word =93zo=94 (selma'o ZO) is identified, treat the fo= llowing Lojban word as a token labelled =92any_word_698=92, instead of lexing it by its normal grammatical function.

c. If the Lojban word =93lo'u=94 (selma'o LOhU) is identified, search f= or the closing delimiter =93le'u=94 (selma'o LEhU), ignoring any such closi= ng delimiters absorbed by the previous two steps. The text between the deli= miters should be treated as the single token =92 any_words= _697=92.

d. Categorize all remaining words into their Lojban selma'o category, i= ncluding the various delimiters mentioned in the previous steps. In all ste= ps after step 2, only the selma'o token type is significant for each word.<= /p>

e. If the word =93si=94 (selma'o SI) is identified, erase it and the pr= evious word (or token, if the previous text has been condensed into a singl= e token by one of the above rules).

f. If the word =93sa=94 (selma'o SA) is identified, erase it and all pr= eceding text as far back as necessary to make what follows attach to what p= recedes. (This rule is hard to formalize and may receive further definition= later.)

g. If the word =92su=92 (selma'o SU) is identified, erase it and all pr= eceding text back to and including the first preceding token word which is = in one of the selma'o: NIhO, LU, TUhE, and TO. However, if speaker identifi= cation is available, a SU shall only erase to the beginning of a speaker=92= s discourse, unless it occurs at the beginning of a speaker=92s discourse. = (Thus, if the speaker has said something, two =93su=92=94s are required to = erase the entire conversation.

g. If the word =92su=92 (selma'o SU) is identified, erase it and all pr= eceding text back to and including the first preceding token word which is = in one of the selma'o: NIhO, LU, TUhE, and TO. However, if speaker identifi= cation is available, a SU shall only erase to the beginning of a speaker=92= s discourse, unless it occurs at the beginning of a speaker=92s discourse. = (Thus, if the speaker has said something, two adjacent uses of =93su=94 are= required to erase the entire conversation.

Step 3 - Termination

If the text contains a FAhO, treat that as the end-of-text and ignore e= verything that follows it.

Step 4 - Absorption of Grammar-Free Tokens

In a new pass, perform the following absorptions (absorption means that= the token is removed from the grammar for processing in following steps, a= nd optionally reinserted, grouped with the absorbing token after parsing is= completed).

a. Token sequences of the form any - (ZEI - any) ..., where there may b= e any number of ZEIs, are merged into a single token of selma'o BRIVLA.

b. Absorb all selma'o BAhE tokens into the following token. If they occ= ur at the end of text, leave them alone (they are errors).

c. Absorb all selma'o BU tokens into the previous token. Relabel the pr= evious token as selma'o BY.

d. If selma'o NAI occurs immediately following any of tokens UI or CAI,= absorb the NAI into the previous token.

e. Absorb all members of selma'o DAhO, FUhO, FUhE, UI, Y, and CAI into = the previous token. All of these null grammar tokens are permitted followin= g any word of the grammar, without interfering with that word=92s grammatic= al function, or causing any effect on the grammatical interpretation of any= other token in the text. Indicators at the beginning of text are explicitl= y handled by the grammar.

Step 5 - Insertion of Lexer Lexemes

Lojban is not in itself LALR1. There are words whose grammatical functi= on is determined by following tokens. As a result, parsing of the YACC gram= mar must take place in two steps. In the first step, certain strings of tok= ens with defined grammars are identified, and either

a. are replaced by a single specified =92lexer token=92 for step 6, or<= /p>

b. the lexer token is inserted in front of the token string to identify= it uniquely.

The YACC grammar included herein is written to make YACC generation of = a step 6 parser easy regardless of whether a. or b. is used. The strings of= tokens to be labelled with lexer tokens are found in rule terminals labell= ed with numbers between 900 and 1099. These rules are defined with the lexe= r tokens inserted, with the result that it can be verified that the languag= e is LALR1 under option b. after steps 1 through 4 have been performed. Alt= ernatively, if option a. is to be used, these rules are commented out, and = the rule terminals labelled from 800 to 900 refer to the lexer tokens *with= out* the strings of defining tokens. Two sets of lexer tokens are defined i= n the token set so as to be compatible with either option.

In this step, the strings must be labelled with the appropriate lexer t= okens. Order of inserting lexer tokens *IS* significant, since some shorter= strings that would be marked with a lexer token may be found inside longer= strings. If the tokens are inserted before or in place of the shorter stri= ngs, the longer strings cannot be identified.

If option a. is chosen, the following order of insertion works correctl= y (it is not the only possible order): A, C, D, B, U, E, H, I, J, K, M ,N, = G, O, V, W, F, P, R, T, S, Y, L, Q. This ensures that the longest rules wil= l be processed first; a PA+MAI will not be seen as a PA with a dangling MAI= at the end, for example.

The YACC grammar included herein is written to make YACC generation of = a step 6 parser easy regardless of whether a. or b. is used. The strings of= tokens to be labelled with lexer tokens are found in rule terminals labell= ed with numbers between 900 and 1099. These rules are defined with the lexe= r tokens inserted, with the result that it can be verified that the languag= e is LALR1 under option b. after steps 1 through 4 have been performed. Alt= ernatively, if option a. is to be used, these rules are commented out, and = the rule terminals labelled from 800 to 900 refer to the lexer tokens w= ithout the strings of defining tokens. Two sets of lexer tokens are de= fined in the token set so as to be compatible with either option.

In this step, the strings must be labelled with the appropriate lexer t= okens. Order of inserting lexer tokens IS significant, since some = shorter strings that would be marked with a lexer token may be found inside= longer strings. If the tokens are inserted before or in place of the short= er strings, the longer strings cannot be identified.

If option a. is chosen, the following order of insertion works correctl= y (it is not the only possible order): A, C, D, B, U, E, H, I, J, K, M, N, = G, O, V, W, F, P, R, T, S, Y, L, Q. This ensures that the longest rules wil= l be processed first; a PA+MAI will not be seen as a PA with a dangling MAI= at the end, for example.

Step 6 - YACC Parsing

YACC should now be able to parse the Lojban text in accordance with the= rule terminals labelled from 1 to 899 under option 5a, or 1 to 1099 under = option 5b. Comment out the rules beyond 900 if option 5a is used, and comme= nt out the 700-series of lexer-tokens, while restoring the series of lexer = tokens numbered from 900 up.

 %token A_501            /* eks; basic aft=
erthought logical connectives */
 %token BAI_502          /* modal operator=
s */
 %token BAhE_503         /* next word inte=
nsifier */
 %token BE_504           /* sumti link to =
attach sumti to a selbri */
 %token BEI_505          /* multiple sumti=
 separator between BE, BEI */
 %token BEhO_506         /* terminates BE/=
BEI specified descriptors */
@@ -234,45 +227,45 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
 %token lexer_R_718      /* flags a GIhEK,=
 not BO or KE */
 %token lexer_S_719      /* flags simple I=
 */
 %token lexer_T_720      /* flags I_JEK */
 %token lexer_U_721      /* flags a JEK_BO=
 */
 %token lexer_V_722      /* flags a JOIK_B=
O */
 %token lexer_W_723      /* flags a JOIK_K=
E */
 /* %token lexer_X_724   /* null */
 %token lexer_Y_725      /* flags a PA_MOI=
 */
=20
=20
-/*%token lexer_A_905    /* :  lexer_A_701  utt_ordinal_root_906 */
-/*%token lexer_B_910    /* :  lexer_B_702  EK_root_911 */
-/*%token lexer_C_915    /* :  lexer_C_703  EK_root_911  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_D_916    /* :  lexer_D_704  EK_root_911  KE_551 */
-/*%token lexer_E_925    /* :  lexer_E_705  JEK_root_926 */
-/*%token lexer_F_930    /* :  lexer_F_706  JOIK_root_931 */
-/*%token lexer_G_935    /* :  lexer_G_707  GA_537 */
-/*%token lexer_H_940    /* :  lexer_H_708  GUhA_544 */
-/*%token lexer_I_945    /* :  lexer_I_709  NAhE_583  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_J_950    /* :  lexer_J_710  NA_578  KU_556 */
-/*%token lexer_K_955    /* :  lexer_K_711  I_432  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_L_960    /* :  lexer_L_712  number_root_961 */
-/*%token lexer_M_965    /* :  lexer_M_713  GIhEK_root_991  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_N_966    /* :  lexer_N_714  GIhEK_root_991  KE_551 */
-/*%token lexer_O_970    /* :  lexer_O_715  simple_tense_modal_972 */
-/*%token lexer_P_980    /* :  lexer_P_716  GIK_root_981 */
-/*%token lexer_Q_985    /* :  lexer_Q_717  lerfu_string_root_986 */
-/*%token lexer_R_990    /* :  lexer_R_718  GIhEK_root_991 */
-/*%token lexer_S_995    /* :  lexer_S_719  I_545 */
-/*%token  lexer_T_1000  /* :  lexer_T_720  I_545  simple_JOIK_JEK_957 */
-/*%token lexer_U_1005   /* :  lexer_U_721  JEK_root_926  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_V_1010   /* :  lexer_V_722  JOIK_root_931  BO_508 */
-/*%token lexer_W_1015   /* :  lexer_W_723  JOIK_root_931  KE_551 */
-/*%token lexer_X_1020   /* null */
-/*%token lexer_Y_1025   /* :  lexer_Y_725  number_root_961  MOI_663 */
+/* %token lexer_A_905    /* :  lexer_A_701  utt_ordinal_root_906 */
+/* %token lexer_B_910    /* :  lexer_B_702  EK_root_911 */
+/* %token lexer_C_915    /* :  lexer_C_703  EK_root_911  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_D_916    /* :  lexer_D_704  EK_root_911  KE_551 */
+/* %token lexer_E_925    /* :  lexer_E_705  JEK_root_926 */
+/* %token lexer_F_930    /* :  lexer_F_706  JOIK_root_931 */
+/* %token lexer_G_935    /* :  lexer_G_707  GA_537 */
+/* %token lexer_H_940    /* :  lexer_H_708  GUhA_544 */
+/* %token lexer_I_945    /* :  lexer_I_709  NAhE_583  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_J_950    /* :  lexer_J_710  NA_578  KU_556 */
+/* %token lexer_K_955    /* :  lexer_K_711  I_432  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_L_960    /* :  lexer_L_712  number_root_961 */
+/* %token lexer_M_965    /* :  lexer_M_713  GIhEK_root_991  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_N_966    /* :  lexer_N_714  GIhEK_root_991  KE_551 */
+/* %token lexer_O_970    /* :  lexer_O_715  simple_tense_modal_972 */
+/* %token lexer_P_980    /* :  lexer_P_716  GIK_root_981 */
+/* %token lexer_Q_985    /* :  lexer_Q_717  lerfu_string_root_986 */
+/* %token lexer_R_990    /* :  lexer_R_718  GIhEK_root_991 */
+/* %token lexer_S_995    /* :  lexer_S_719  I_545 */
+/* %token lexer_T_1000   /* :  lexer_T_720  I_545  simple_JOIK_JEK_957 */
+/* %token lexer_U_1005   /* :  lexer_U_721  JEK_root_926  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_V_1010   /* :  lexer_V_722  JOIK_root_931  BO_508 */
+/* %token lexer_W_1015   /* :  lexer_W_723  JOIK_root_931  KE_551 */
+/* %token lexer_X_1020   /* null */
+/* %token lexer_Y_1025   /* :  lexer_Y_725  number_root_961  MOI_663 */
=20
=20
 %start text_0
=20
 %%
=20
 text_0                  :  te=
xt_A_1
                         |  indicators_411  text_A_1
                         |  free_modifier_32  text_A_1
                         |  cmene_404  text_A_1
@@ -498,22 +491,21 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
                         ;
=20
 sumti_F_96              :  sumti_G_97
                            /* outer-quantified sumti */
                         |  quantifier_300  sumti_G_97
                         ;
=20
 sumti_G_97              :  qualifier_483  sumti_90  LUhU_=
gap_463
                         |  qualifier_483  relative_clauses_121
                                 sumti_90  LUhU_gap_463
-                           /*sumti grouping, set/mass/individual conversio=
n */
-                           /*also sumti scalar negation */
+                           /*sumti grouping, set/mass/individual conversio=
n; also sumti scalar negation */
                         |  anaphora_400
                         |  LA_499  cmene_404
                         |  LA_499  relative_clauses_121  cmene_404
                         |  LI_489  MEX_310  LOhO_gap_472
                         |  description_110
                         |  quote_arg_432
                         ;
=20
=20
=20
@@ -622,21 +614,21 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
 /*  Main entry point for MEX; everything but a number must be in parens.  =
 */
=20
 quantifier_300          :  number_812  BOI_gap_461
                         |  left_bracket_470  MEX_310  right_bracket_gap_471
                         ;
=20
=20
=20
 /*  Entry point for MEX used after LI; no parens needed, but LI now has an
     elidable terminator. (This allows us to express the difference between
-    =93the expression a + b=94 and =93the expression (a + b)=94_)   */
+    =93the expression a + b=94 and =93the expression (a + b)=94 )   */
=20
 /*  This rule supports left-grouping infix expressions and reverse Polish
     expressions. To handle infix monadic, use a null operand; to handle
     infix with more than two operands (whatever that means) use an extra
     operator or an array operand.   */
=20
 MEX_310                 :  MEX_A_311
                         |  MEX_310  operator_370  MEX_A_311
                         |  FUhA_441  rp_expression_330
                         ;
@@ -1417,21 +1409,21 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
                         ;
=20
=20
 lexer_N_966             :  lexer_N_714  GIhEK_root_991  KE_551
                         |  lexer_N_714  GIhEK_root_991  simple_tag_971  KE_551
                         ;
=20
=20
 lexer_O_970             :  lexer_O_715  simple_tense_modal_972
                         ;
-/* the following rule is a lexer version of non-terminal _815 for compound=
ing
+/* the following rule is a lexer version of non-terminal_815 for compoundi=
ng
    PU/modals; it disallows the lexer picking out FIhO clauses, which would
    require it to have knowledge of the main parser grammar */
=20
 simple_tag_971          :  simple_tense_modal_972
                         |  simple_tag_971  simple_JOIK_JEK_957
                                 simple_tense_modal_972
                         ;
=20
=20
 simple_tense_modal_972  :  simple_tense_modal_A_973
@@ -1467,22 +1459,22 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
 /* baca'a =3D actually will be */
 /* bapu'i =3D can and will have */
 /* banu'o =3D can, but won=92t have yet */
 /* canu'ojebapu'i =3D can, hasn=92t yet, but will */
=20
 tense_C_979             :  time_1030
    /* time-only */
    /* space defaults to time-space reference space */
=20
                         |  space_1040
-   /* can include time if specified with VIhA */
-   /* otherwise time defaults to the time-space reference time */
+   /* can include time if specified with VIhA; otherwise time defaults to =
the
+      time-space reference time */
=20
                         |  time_1030  space_1040
    /* time and space - If space_1040 is marked with
    VIhA for space-time the tense may be self-contradictory */
    /* interval prop before space_time is for time distribution */
                         |  space_1040  time_1030
                         ;
=20
 lexer_P_980             :  lexer_P_716  GIK_root_981
                         ;
@@ -1710,20 +1702,821 @@ the 900 series rules are found in the lexer.  */
                            erases back to start of text which is the
                            beginning of a speaker=92s statement,
                            a parenthesis (TO/TOI), a LU/LIhU quote,
                            or a TUhE/TUhU utterance string.
                         ;
=20
=20
 */
 %%

2. YACC Grammar Cross-Reference

A_501: EK_root_911
anaphora_400: sumti_G_97
anything_699: token_1100, ZOI_quote_434=
any_word_698: null_1101, token_1100, <= a href=3D"#y434">ZOI_quote_434, ZO_quote_435
any_words_697: LOhU_quote_436
BAhE_503: token_1100
BAI_502: modal_A_975
BE_446: linkargs_160
BE_504: BE_446
BEhO_506: BEhO_gap_467
BEhO_gap_467: linkargs_160
BEI_442: links_161
BEI_505: BEI_442
BIhE_439: MEX_A_311
BIhE_650: BIhE_439
BIhI_507: interval_932
BO_479: selbri_F_136
BO_508: BO_479, lexer_C_915, lexer_I_945, lexer_K_955, lexer_M_965, lexer_U_1005, lexer_V_1010
BOI_651: BOI_gap_461, sub_gap_462 +
BOI_gap_461: anaphora_400, operand_C_385, quantifier_300
bridi_tail_50: bridi_tail_50, sentence_40 +
bridi_tail_A_51: bridi_tail_50, bridi_tail_A_51
bridi_tail_B_52: bridi_tail_A_51, bridi_tail_B_52=
bridi_tail_C_53: bridi_tail_B_52
bridi_valsi_407: tanru_unit_B_152
bridi_valsi_A_408: bridi_valsi_407
BRIVLA_509: bridi_valsi_A_408
BU_511: token_1100
BY_513: lerfu_word_987
CAhA_514: tense_B_978
CAI_515: indicator_413, token_1100=
CEhE_495: terms_B_82
CEhE_517: CEhE_495
CEI_444: tanru_unit_150
CEI_516: CEI_444
cmene_404: sumti_G_97, text_0, vocative_35
CMENE_518: cmene_A_405
cmene_A_405: cmene_404, cmene_A_405 +
CO_443: selbri_B_132
CO_519: CO_443
COI_416: COI_416, DOI_415
COI_520: COI_A_417
COI_A_417: COI_416
CU_521: front_gap_451
CUhE_522: simple_tense_modal_972
DAhO_524: indicator_413, token_1100=
description_110: sumti_G_97
discursive_bridi_34: free_modifier_A_33
DOhU_526: DOhU_gap_457
DOhU_gap_457: vocative_35
DOI_415: vocative_35
DOI_525: DOI_415
EK_802: fragment_20, JOIK_EK_421 +
EK_BO_803: operand_B_383, sumti_C_93 +
EK_KE_804: operand_381, sumti_A_91 +
EK_root_911: lexer_B_910, lexer_C_915, = lexer_D_916
error: BEhO_gap_467, BOI_gap_461,= DOhU_gap_457, FEhU_gap_458, gap_450, GEhU_gap_464, KEhE_gap_466, KEI_gap_453, KUhO_gap_469, LIhU_gap_448, LOhO_gap_472, LUhU_gap_463, ME= hU_gap_465, MEX_gap_452, NUhU_g= ap_460, right_bracket_gap_471, = right_br_no_free_474, SEhU_gap_459, sub_gap_462, TEhU_gap_473, TOI_gap_468, TUhU_gap_454, VAU= _gap_456
FA_481: mod_head_490
FA_527: FA_481
FAhA_528: space_direction_1048
FEhE_530: space_int_props_A_1050
FEhU_531: FEhU_gap_458
FEhU_gap_458: tense_modal_815
FIhO_437: tense_modal_815
FIhO_532: FIhO_437
FOI_533: lerfu_word_987
fragment_20: paragraph_10
free_modifier_32: anaphora_400, BE_446, BEhO_gap_467, BEI_442, BIhE_439, BO_479, BOI_gap= _461, bridi_valsi_407, CEhE_495= , CEI_444, cmene_404, CO_443, EK_802, EK= _BO_803, EK_KE_804, FA_481,= FEhU_gap_458, FIhO_437, free_modifier_32, front_gap_451, FUhA_441, gap_450, GEhU_gap_464, GEK_807, GIhEK_8= 18, GIhEK_BO_813, GIhEK_KE_814<= /a>, GIK_816, GOI_485, GUhEK_808, I_819, I_= BO_811, I_JEK_820, JAI_478,= JEK_BO_821, JOhI_431, JOIK_BO_822, JOIK_EK_421, JOIK_JEK_422, JOIK_KE_823, KE_493, KEhE_gap_466, KEI_gap= _453, KUhO_gap_469, LA_499,= LE_488, left_bracket_470, LI_489, LOhO_gap_472, LUhU_gap_463, MAhO_430, ME= _477, MEhU_gap_465, MEX_gap_452= , MEX_operator_374, MOhE_427, MOI_476, NA_445, NAhE_482, NAhE_BO_809, N= AhU_429, NA_KU_810, NIhE_428, NOI_484, NU_A_426, NUhA_475, NUhI_496, = NUhU_gap_460, para_mark_410, PE= hE_494, PEhO_438, qualifier_483= , quote_arg_432, right_bracket_= gap_471, SE_480, SEI_440, <= a href=3D"#y498">SOI_498, TEhU_gap_473, tense_modal_815, text_0, TUhE_447, TUhU_gap_454, VAU_= gap_456, VUhO_497, XI_424, = ZIhE_487, ZOhU_492
free_modifier_A_33: free_modifier_32
front_gap_451: discursive_bridi_34, sentence_40=
FUhA_441: MEX_310
FUhA_655: FUhA_441
FUhE_535: indicators_411, token_1100
FUhO_536: indicator_413, token_1100=
GA_537: lexer_G_935
GAhO_656: JOIK_root_931
gap_450: description_110, modifier_84, sumti_E_95
GEhU_538: GEhU_gap_464
GEhU_gap_464: relative_clause_122
GEK_807: gek_sentence_54, operand_C_385<= /a>, sumti_D_94, term_set_85
gek_sentence_54: bridi_tail_C_53, gek_sentence_54=
GI_539: GIK_root_981, lexer_G_935<= /dd> +
GIhA_541: GIhEK_root_991
GIhEK_818: bridi_tail_A_51, fragment_20=
GIhEK_BO_813: bridi_tail_B_52
GIhEK_KE_814: bridi_tail_50
GIhEK_root_991: lexer_M_965, lexer_N_966, = lexer_R_990
GIK_816: gek_sentence_54, GUhEK_selbri_1= 37, operand_C_385, operator_A_3= 71, sumti_D_94, term_set_85 +
GIK_root_981: lexer_G_935, lexer_P_980 +
GOhA_543: bridi_valsi_A_408
GOI_485: relative_clause_122
GOI_542: GOI_485
GUhA_544: lexer_H_940
GUhEK_808: GUhEK_selbri_137, operator_A_3= 71
GUhEK_selbri_137: selbri_F_136
I_545: I_root_956, lexer_S_995, <= a href=3D"#y1000">lexer_T_1000
I_819: paragraph_10, text_B_2
I_BO_811: statement_B_13, text_B_2
I_JEK_820: statement_A_12, text_B_2
indicator_413: indicators_A_412
indicators_411: text_0
indicators_A_412: indicators_411, indicators_A_4= 12
interval_932: JOIK_root_931
interval_property_1051: space_int_props_A_1050, time= _int_props_1036
I_root_956: lexer_K_955
JA_546: JEK_root_926
JAI_478: tanru_unit_B_152
JAI_547: JAI_478
JEK_805: JOIK_JEK_422, simple_JOIK_JEK_= 957
JEK_BO_821: operator_A_371, selbri_E_135
JEK_root_926: lexer_E_925, lexer_U_1005=
JOhI_431: operand_C_385
JOhI_657: JOhI_431
JOI_548: JOIK_root_931
JOIK_806: JOIK_EK_421, JOIK_JEK_422,= simple_JOIK_JEK_957
JOIK_BO_822: operand_B_383, operator_A_371<= /a>, selbri_E_135, sumti_C_93 +
JOIK_EK_421: operand_A_382, sumti_B_92 +
JOIK_JEK_422: NU_425, operator_370, selbri_D_134, tag_491, terms_A_81, text_A_1
JOIK_KE_823: operand_381, operator_370,= selbri_D_134, sumti_A_91
JOIK_root_931: lexer_F_930, lexer_G_935, = lexer_V_1010, lexer_W_1015 +
KE_493: gek_sentence_54, operator_B_372= , tanru_unit_B_152
KE_551: KE_493, lexer_D_916, lexer_N_966, lexer_W_1015
KEhE_550: KEhE_gap_466
KEhE_gap_466: bridi_tail_50, gek_sentence_54, operand_381, operator_370, = operator_B_372, selbri_D_134, <= a href=3D"#y91">sumti_A_91, tanru_unit_B_152
KEI_552: KEI_gap_453
KEI_gap_453: tanru_unit_B_152
KI_554: simple_tense_modal_972, simple= _tense_modal_A_973, tense_A_977
KOhA_555: anaphora_400
KU_556: gap_450, lexer_J_950
KUhE_658: MEX_gap_452
KUhO_557: KUhO_gap_469
KUhO_gap_469: relative_clause_122
LA_499: description_110, sumti_G_97=
LA_558: LA_499
LAhE_561: qualifier_483
LAU_559: lerfu_word_987
LE_488: description_110
LE_562: LE_488
left_bracket_470: quantifier_300, subscript_486<= /a>
LEhU_565: LOhU_quote_436
lerfu_string_817: anaphora_400, operand_C_385, subscript_486
lerfu_string_root_986: lerfu_string_root_986, lerfu_w= ord_987, lexer_Q_985, lexer_Y_= 1025, utt_ordinal_root_906
lerfu_word_987: lerfu_string_root_986, lerfu_w= ord_987, number_root_961
lexer_A_701: lexer_A_905
lexer_A_905: utterance_ordinal_801
lexer_B_702: lexer_B_910
lexer_B_910: EK_802
lexer_C_703: lexer_C_915
lexer_C_915: EK_BO_803
lexer_D_704: lexer_D_916
lexer_D_916: EK_KE_804
lexer_E_705: lexer_E_925
lexer_E_925: JEK_805
lexer_F_706: lexer_F_930
lexer_F_930: JOIK_806
lexer_G_707: lexer_G_935
lexer_G_935: GEK_807
lexer_H_708: lexer_H_940
lexer_H_940: GUhEK_808
lexer_I_709: lexer_I_945
lexer_I_945: NAhE_BO_809
lexer_J_710: lexer_J_950
lexer_J_950: NA_KU_810
lexer_K_711: lexer_K_955
lexer_K_955: I_BO_811
lexer_L_712: lexer_L_960
lexer_L_960: number_812
lexer_M_713: lexer_M_965
lexer_M_965: GIhEK_BO_813
lexer_N_714: lexer_N_966
lexer_N_966: GIhEK_KE_814
lexer_O_715: lexer_O_970
lexer_O_970: tense_modal_815
lexer_P_716: lexer_P_980
lexer_P_980: GIK_816
lexer_Q_717: lexer_Q_985
lexer_Q_985: lerfu_string_817
lexer_R_718: lexer_R_990
lexer_R_990: GIhEK_818
lexer_S_719: lexer_S_995
lexer_S_995: I_819
lexer_T_1000: I_JEK_820
lexer_T_720: lexer_T_1000
lexer_U_1005: JEK_BO_821
lexer_U_721: lexer_U_1005
lexer_V_1010: JOIK_BO_822
lexer_V_722: lexer_V_1010
lexer_W_1015: JOIK_KE_823
lexer_W_723: lexer_W_1015
lexer_Y_1025: PA_MOI_824
lexer_Y_725: lexer_Y_1025
LI_489: sumti_G_97
LI_566: LI_489
LIhU_567: LIhU_gap_448
LIhU_gap_448: quote_arg_A_433
linkargs_160: fragment_20, tanru_unit_A_151
links_161: fragment_20, linkargs_160, = links_161
LOhO_568: LOhO_gap_472
LOhO_gap_472: sumti_G_97
LOhU_569: LOhU_quote_436
LOhU_quote_436: quote_arg_A_433
LU_571: quote_arg_A_433
LUhU_573: LUhU_gap_463
LUhU_gap_463: operand_C_385, sumti_G_97 +
MAhO_430: MEX_operator_374
MAhO_662: MAhO_430
MAI_661: utt_ordinal_root_906
ME_477: tanru_unit_B_152
ME_574: ME_477
MEhU_575: MEhU_gap_465
MEhU_gap_465: tanru_unit_B_152
MEX_310: MEX_310, MEX_operator_374,= quantifier_300, subscript_486,= sumti_G_97
MEX_A_311: MEX_310, MEX_A_311
MEX_B_312: MEX_A_311, MEX_C_313
MEX_C_313: MEX_B_312, MEX_C_313, operand_C_385
MEX_gap_452: MEX_B_312
MEX_operator_374: MEX_operator_374, operator_B_3= 72, tanru_unit_B_152
modal_974: simple_tense_modal_A_973
modal_A_975: modal_974
mod_head_490: modifier_84
modifier_84: term_83
MOhE_427: operand_C_385
MOhE_664: MOhE_427
MOhI_577: space_motion_1041
MOI_476: tanru_unit_B_152
MOI_663: lexer_Y_1025, MOI_476 +
NA_445: fragment_20, gek_sentence_54= , selbri_A_131
NA_578: EK_root_911, GIhEK_root_991, JEK_root_926, lexer_J_950, <= a href=3D"#y445">NA_445
NAhE_482: MEX_operator_374, selbri_F_136= , tanru_unit_B_152
NAhE_583: lexer_I_945, NAhE_482, simple_tense_modal_972
NAhE_BO_809: qualifier_483
NAhU_429: MEX_operator_374
NAhU_665: NAhU_429
NAI_581: COI_A_417, EK_root_911, GIhEK_root_991, GIK_root_981, indicator_413, interval_932, interval_property_1051, JEK_root_926, JOIK_root_931, lexer_G_935, = lexer_H_940, modal_974, NU_A_426, space_direction_1048, text_0, time_direction_1035, token_1100
NA_KU_810: term_83
NIhE_428: operand_C_385
NIhE_666: NIhE_428
NIhO_584: para_mark_410
NOI_484: relative_clause_122
NOI_585: NOI_484
NU_425: NU_425, tanru_unit_B_152 +
NU_586: NU_A_426
NU_A_426: NU_425
NUhA_475: tanru_unit_B_152
NUhA_667: NUhA_475
NUhI_496: term_set_85
NUhI_587: NUhI_496
NUhU_588: NUhU_gap_460
NUhU_gap_460: term_set_85
number_812: quantifier_300, subscript_486<= /a>
number_root_961: interval_property_1051, lexer= _L_960, lexer_Y_1025, number_r= oot_961, utt_ordinal_root_906
operand_381: MEX_B_312, operand_381, operand_C_385, rp_operand_332 +
operand_A_382: operand_381, operand_A_382=
operand_B_383: operand_A_382, operand_B_383
operand_C_385: operand_B_383, operand_C_385
operator_370: MEX_310, MEX_A_311, MEX_B_312, operator_370, operator_B_372, rp_expression_330
operator_A_371: operator_370, operator_A_371
operator_B_372: operator_A_371
PA_672: lerfu_string_root_986, number_= root_961
PA_MOI_824: bridi_valsi_A_408
paragraph_10: paragraph_10, paragraphs_4 +
paragraphs_4: paragraphs_4, text_C_3
para_mark_410: paragraphs_4, para_mark_410,= text_B_2
parenthetical_36: free_modifier_A_33
PEhE_494: terms_A_81
PEhE_591: PEhE_494
PEhO_438: MEX_B_312
PEhO_673: PEhO_438
prenex_30: fragment_20, statement_11, <= a href=3D"#y41">subsentence_41
PU_592: time_direction_1035
qualifier_483: operand_C_385, sumti_G_97 +
quantifier_300: fragment_20, operand_C_385,= sumti_E_95, sumti_F_96, sumti_tail_A_112
quote_arg_432: sumti_G_97
quote_arg_A_433: quote_arg_432
RAhO_593: bridi_valsi_A_408
relative_clause_122: relative_clauses_121
relative_clauses_121: fragment_20, relative_clauses_1= 21, sumti_90, sumti_E_95, sumti_G_97, sumti_tail_111, sumti_tail_A_112, vocative_35
right_bracket_gap_471: quantifier_300
right_br_no_free_474: subscript_486
ROI_594: interval_property_1051
rp_expression_330: MEX_310, rp_operand_332 +
rp_operand_332: rp_expression_330
SA_595: null_1101
SE_480: MEX_operator_374, tanru_unit_B= _152
SE_596: EK_root_911, GIhEK_root_991, interval_932, JEK_root_926, = JOIK_root_931, lexer_G_935, lexer_H_940, modal_A_975, SE_480
SEhU_598: SEhU_gap_459
SEhU_gap_459: discursive_bridi_34
SEI_440: discursive_bridi_34
SEI_597: SEI_440
selbri_130: bridi_tail_C_53, discursive_brid= i_34, GUhEK_selbri_137, MEX_ope= rator_374, operand_C_385, selbr= i_A_131, sumti_E_95, sumti_tail_= A_112, tense_modal_815, vocative= _35
selbri_A_131: selbri_130
selbri_B_132: selbri_A_131, selbri_B_132=
selbri_C_133: selbri_B_132, selbri_C_133= , selbri_D_134, tanru_unit_B_152
selbri_D_134: selbri_C_133, selbri_D_134=
selbri_E_135: selbri_D_134, selbri_E_135=
selbri_F_136: GUhEK_selbri_137, selbri_E_135= , selbri_F_136
sentence_40: statement_C_14, subsentence_41
SI_601: null_1101
simple_JOIK_JEK_957: I_root_956, lexer_T_1000,= simple_tag_971
simple_tag_971: lexer_C_915, lexer_D_916, = lexer_G_935, lexer_K_955, lexer_M_965, lexer_N_966, lexer_U_1005, lexer_V_1010, lexer_W_1015, simple_tag_971
simple_tense_modal_972: lexer_O_970, simple_tag_971
simple_tense_modal_A_973: simple_tense_modal_972
SOI_498: discursive_bridi_34
SOI_602: SOI_498
space_1040: tense_C_979
space_A_1042: space_1040
space_B_1043: space_A_1042
space_C_1044: space_B_1043, space_C_1044
space_direction_1048: space_intval_1046, space_off= set_1045
space_int_props_1049: space_int_props_1049, space_= intval_1046
space_int_props_A_1050: space_int_props_1049
space_intval_1046: space_B_1043
space_intval_A_1047: space_intval_1046
space_motion_1041: space_1040
space_offset_1045: space_C_1044, space_motion_1= 041
statement_11: paragraph_10, statement_11 +
statement_A_12: statement_11, statement_A_12=
statement_B_13: statement_A_12, statement_B_13
statement_C_14: statement_B_13
SU_603: null_1101
sub_gap_462: subscript_486
subscript_486: free_modifier_A_33
subsentence_41: gek_sentence_54, relative_claus= e_122, subsentence_41, tanru_uni= t_B_152
sumti_90: discursive_bridi_34, modifier_84= , operand_C_385, sumti_A_91,= sumti_D_94, sumti_G_97, sumti_tail_A_112, tanru_unit_B_152, term_83, vocative_35
sumti_A_91: sumti_90
sumti_B_92: sumti_A_91, sumti_B_92
sumti_C_93: sumti_B_92, sumti_C_93
sumti_D_94: sumti_C_93, sumti_D_94
sumti_E_95: sumti_D_94
sumti_F_96: sumti_E_95
sumti_G_97: sumti_F_96, sumti_tail_111<= /dd> +
sumti_tail_111: description_110
sumti_tail_A_112: sumti_tail_111
tag_491: gek_sentence_54, mod_head_490, selbri_130, statement_C_14, = tag_491, tanru_unit_B_152
TAhE_604: interval_property_1051
tail_terms_71: bridi_tail_50, bridi_tail_A_51, bridi_tail_B_52, bridi_tail_C_53<= /a>, gek_sentence_54
tanru_unit_150: selbri_F_136, tanru_unit_150
tanru_unit_A_151: tanru_unit_150
tanru_unit_B_152: tanru_unit_A_151, tanru_unit_B= _152
TEhU_675: TEhU_gap_473
TEhU_gap_473: MEX_operator_374, operand_C_38= 5
TEI_605: lerfu_word_987
tense_A_977: simple_tense_modal_A_973
tense_B_978: tense_A_977
tense_C_979: tense_B_978
tense_modal_815: tag_491
term_83: linkargs_160, links_161, <= a href=3D"#y122">relative_clause_122, terms_B_82 +
terms_80: discursive_bridi_34, fragment_20= , prenex_30, sentence_40, tail_terms_71, terms_80, term_set_85
terms_A_81: terms_80, terms_A_81
terms_B_82: terms_A_81, terms_B_82
term_set_85: term_83
text_0: parenthetical_36, quote_arg_A_4= 33, text_0
text_A_1: text_0
text_B_2: statement_C_14, text_A_1, text_B_2
text_C_3: null_1101, text_B_2
time_1030: tense_C_979
time_A_1031: time_1030
time_B_1032: time_A_1031, time_B_1032=
time_direction_1035: time_interval_1034, time_off= set_1033
time_interval_1034: time_A_1031
time_int_props_1036: time_interval_1034, time_int= _props_1036
time_offset_1033: time_B_1032
TO_606: parenthetical_36
TOI_607: TOI_gap_468
TOI_gap_468: parenthetical_36
TUhE_447: statement_C_14
TUhE_610: TUhE_447
TUhU_611: TUhU_gap_454
TUhU_gap_454: statement_C_14
UI_612: indicator_413, token_1100=
utterance_20: null_1101
utterance_ordinal_801: free_modifier_A_33
utt_ordinal_root_906: lexer_A_905
VA_613: space_A_1042, space_offset_1= 045
VAU_614: VAU_gap_456
VAU_gap_456: fragment_20, tail_terms_71 +
VEhA_615: space_intval_A_1047
VEhO_678: right_bracket_gap_471, right_b= r_no_free_474
VEI_677: left_bracket_470
VIhA_616: space_intval_A_1047
vocative_35: free_modifier_A_33
VUhO_497: sumti_90
VUhO_617: VUhO_497
VUhU_679: MEX_operator_374
XI_424: subscript_486
XI_618: XI_424
Y_619: indicator_413, token_1100=
ZAhO_621: interval_property_1051
ZEhA_622: time_interval_1034
ZI_624: time_1030, time_offset_1033<= /a>
ZIhE_487: relative_clauses_121
ZIhE_625: ZIhE_487
ZO_626: ZO_quote_435
ZOhU_492: prenex_30
ZOhU_628: ZOhU_492
ZOI_627: ZOI_quote_434
ZOI_quote_434: quote_arg_A_433
ZO_quote_435: quote_arg_A_433

+ +

A Catalogue of selma'o

EBNF Grammar of Lojban

diff --git a/21/2/index.html b/21/2/index.html index 19a5ba5..defc1d8 100644 --- a/21/2/index.html +++ b/21/2/index.html @@ -18,22 +18,22 @@

EBNF Cross-Reference

Formal Grammars

The Lojban Reference Gram= mar

2. EBNF Grammar of Lojban

-Lojban Machine Grammar, EBNF Version, 3rd Baseline as of 10 January 1997 -

This document is explicitly dedicated to the public domain by its autho= r, the Logical Language Group Inc. Contact that organization at: 2904 Beau = Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA 703-385-0273 (intl: +1 703 385 0273)

+Lojban Machine Grammar, EBNF Version, Final Baseline +

This EBNF document is explicitly dedicated to the public domain by its = author, The Logical Language Group, Inc. Contact that organization at: 2904= Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031 USA 703-385-0273 (intl: +1 703 385 0273)

Explanation of notation: All rules have the form:

name_number =3D bnf-expression

which means that the grammatical construct =93name=94 is defined by =93bnf= -expression=94. The number cross-references this grammar with the rule numb= ers in the YACC grammar. The names are the same as those in the YACC gramma= r, except that subrules are labeled with A, B, C, ... in the YACC grammar a= nd with 1, 2, 3, ... in this grammar. In addition, rule 971 is =93simple_ta= g=94 in the YACC grammar but =93stag=94 in this grammar, because of its fre= quent appearance.

Names in lower case are grammatical constructs.
Names in UPPER CASE are selma'o (lexeme) names, and are terminals.
Concatenation is expressed by juxtaposition with no operator symbol.
| represents alternation (choice).

Chapter 21 Formal Grammars