The meaning of tanru: a necessary detour

The meaning of tanru: a necessary detour necessary detour The meaning of a lujvo is controlled by - but is not the same as= - the meaning of the tanru from which the lujvo was constructed. The tanru= corresponding to a lujvo is called its=20 veljvo in Lojban, and since there is no concise English= equivalent, that term will be used in this chapter. Furthermore, the left = (modifier) part of a tanru will be called the=20 seltau, and the right (modified) part the=20 tertau, following the usage of=20 - . For brevity, we will speak of the seltau = or tertau of a lujvo, meaning of course the seltau or tertau of the veljvo = of that lujvo. (If this terminology is confusing, substituting=20 + . For brevity, we will speak of the= seltau or tertau of a lujvo, meaning of course the seltau or tertau of the= veljvo of that lujvo. (If this terminology is confusing, substituting=20 modifier for=20 seltau and=20 modified for=20 tertau may help.) The place structure of a tanru is always the same as the place s= tructure of its tertau. As a result, the meaning of the tanru is a modified= version of the meaning of the tertau; the tanru will typically, but not al= ways, refer to a subset of the things referred to by the tertau. The purpose of a tanru is to join concepts together without nece= ssarily focusing on the exact meaning of the seltau. For example, in the=20 Iliad, the poet talks about=20 the wine-dark sea, in which=20 wine-dark sea @@ -367,21 +367,21 @@ Why so? Because not only is the j1 place (the one who pays atten= tion) equivalent to the t1 place (the hearer), but the j2 place (the thing = paid attention to) is equivalent to the t2 place (the thing heard). A substantial minority of lujvo have the property that the first= place of the seltau (=20 gerku in this case) is equivalent to a place other than= the first place of the tertau; such lujvo are said to be=20 asymmetrical. (There is a deliberate parallel here with= the terms=20 asymmetrical tanru and=20 asymmetrical tanru symmetrical tanru used in=20 symmetrical tanru - .) + .) In principle any asymmetrical lujvo could be expressed as a symm= etrical lujvo. Consider=20 gerzda, discussed in=20 , where we learned that the= g1 place was equivalent to the z2 place. In order to get the places aligne= d, we could convert=20 zdani to=20 se zdani(or=20 selzda when expressed as a lujvo). The place structure = of=20 selzda is <anchor xml:id=3D"c12e5d5" /> @@ -1666,21 +1666,21 @@ <quote>jdaselsku</quote>, not resolvable by using=20 <quote>seljdasku</quote>. No veljvo involving just the two gismu=20 <quote>lijda</quote> and=20 <quote>cusku</quote> can fully express the relationship implicit in pr= ayer. A prayer is not just anything said by the adherents of a religion; no= r is it even anything said by them acting as adherents of that religion. Ra= ther, it is what they say under the authority of that religion, or using th= e religion as a medium, or following the rules associated with the religion= , or something of the kind. So the veljvo is somewhat elliptical.</para> <para>As a result, both=20 <quote>seljdasku</quote> and=20 <quote>jdaselsku</quote> belong to the second class of anomalous lujvo= : the veljvo doesn't really supply all that the lujvo requires.</para> <para>Another example of this kind of anomalous lujvo, drawn from the = tanru lists in=20  <indexterm type=3D"general"><primary>lists</primary></indexterm> - <xref linkend=3D"selbri" />, is=20 + <xref linkend=3D"chapter-selbri" />, is=20 <quote>lange'u</quote>, meaning=20 <quote>sheepdog</quote>. Clearly a sheepdog is not a dog which is a sh= eep (the symmetrical interpretation is wrong), nor a dog of the sheep breed= (the asymmetrical interpretation is wrong). Indeed, there is simply no ove= rlap in the places of=20  <indexterm type=3D"general"><primary>sheepdog</primary></indexterm>  <indexterm type=3D"general"><primary>sheep breed</primary></indexterm> <quote>lanme</quote> and=20 <quote>gerku</quote> at all. Rather, the lujvo refers to a dog which c= ontrols sheep flocks, a=20 <quote>terlanme jitro gerku</quote>, the lujvo from which is=20 <quote>terlantroge'u</quote> with place structure:</para> diff --git a/todocbook/14.xml b/todocbook/14.xml index 3fdb7b4..95fd28d 100644 --- a/todocbook/14.xml +++ b/todocbook/14.xml @@ -403,21 +403,21 @@ <interlinear-gloss> <jbo>la djan. nanmu .inaja la djeimyz. ninmu</jbo> <gloss>John is-not-a-man or James is-a-woman.</gloss> <gloss>John is a man only if James is a woman.</gloss> <en>If John is a man, then James is a woman.</en> </interlinear-gloss> </example> <para>The following example illustrates the use of=20 <quote>se</quote> to, in effect, exchange the two sentences. The norma= l use of=20 <quote>se</quote> is to (in effect) transpose places of a bridi, as ex= plained in=20 - <xref linkend=3D"selbri" />.</para> + <xref linkend=3D"chapter-selbri" />.</para> <example role=3D"interlinear-gloss-example" xml:id=3D"example-random-i= d-z43X"> <title> <anchor xml:id=3D"c14e4d11" /> <anchor xml:id=3D"cll_chapter14-section4-example11" />

la djan. nanmu .iseju la djeimyz. ninmu Whether or not John is a man, James is a woman.

diff --git a/todocbook/15.xml b/todocbook/15.xml index dad2551..eb7d7df 100644 --- a/todocbook/15.xml +++ b/todocbook/15.xml @@ -666,21 +666,21 @@ I (other-than-walkingly)-go-to the market. mi cadzu na'e klama le zarci I walkingly-(other-than-go-to) the market. These negations show the default scope of=20 na'e is close-binding on an individual brivla in a tanr= u.=20 close-binding says that I am go= ing to the market, but in some kind of a non-walking manner. (As with most = tanru, there are a few other possible interpretations, but we'll assume thi= s one - see=20 - for a discussion of tanru meaning). + for a discussion of tanru meaning)= . In neither=20 nor=20 does the=20 na'e negate the entire selbri. While both sentences con= tain negations that deny a particular relationship between the sumti, they = also have a component which makes a positive claim about such a relationshi= p. This is clearer in=20 , which says that = I am going, but in a non-walking manner. In=20 , we have claimed = that the relationship between me and the market in some way involves walkin= g, but is not one of=20 going to(perhaps we are walking around the market, or w= alking-in-place while at the market). The=20 scale, or actually the=20 set, implied in Lojban tanru negations is anything whic= h plausibly can be substituted into the tanru. (Plausibility here is interp= reted in the same way that answers to a=20 diff --git a/todocbook/16.xml b/todocbook/16.xml index d14f2b4..a886c7b 100644 --- a/todocbook/16.xml +++ b/todocbook/16.xml @@ -549,21 +549,21 @@

ro da poi prenu cu se batci de poi gerku Every-X which is-a-person is-bitten-by some-Y which is-a-dog.<= /en>

using the conversion operator=20 se(explained in=20 - ) to change the selbri=20 + ) to change the selbri=20 batci(=20 bites) into=20 se batci(=20 is bitten by). The translation given in=20 uses the correspo= nding strategy in English, since English does not have prenexes (except in = strained=20 logician's English). This implies that a sentence with = both a universal and an existential variable can't be freely converted with= =20 existential variable existential diff --git a/todocbook/19.xml b/todocbook/19.xml index 00879ad..45aed6a 100644 --- a/todocbook/19.xml +++ b/todocbook/19.xml @@ -645,21 +645,21 @@ a prenex/topic (to modify some previously expressed bridi, s= ee=20 ) linked arguments (beginning with=20 linked arguments be or=20 bei and attached to some previously expressed selbr= i, often in a description,see=20 - ) + ) At the beginning of a text, the following non-bridi are also per= mitted: one or more names (to indicate direct address without=20 direct address doi, see=20 ) diff --git a/todocbook/20.xml b/todocbook/20.xml index 7b4b018..5910070 100644 --- a/todocbook/20.xml +++ b/todocbook/20.xml @@ -99,21 +99,21 @@ . mi ca sanli la drezdn. bi'i la frankfurt. I [present] stand-on-surface Dresden [interval] Frankfurt. I am standing between Dresden and Frankfurt. between Dresden and Frankfurt selma'o BO (=20 - ,=20 + ,=20 ,=20 ) Joins tanru units, binding them together closely. Also used to b= ind logically or non-logically connected phrases, sentences, etc.=20 is always high precedence and right-grouping.<= /para> ta cmalu nixli bo ckule That is-a-small type-of (girl type-of school). That is a small school for girls. @@ -1013,21 +1013,21 @@ selma'o SA (=20 ) Erases the previous phrase or sentence. mi klama sa do klama le zarci I go, er, you go-to the market. selma'o SE (=20 - ,=20 + ,=20 ) Converts a selbri, rearranging the order of places by exchanging= the x1 place with a specified numbered place. le zarci cu se klama mi The market is-gone-to by me. Also used in constructing connective and modal compound cmavo. selma'o SEI (=20 ) diff --git a/todocbook/5.xml b/todocbook/5.xml index 515f441..7e5a9ac 100644 --- a/todocbook/5.xml +++ b/todocbook/5.xml @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ - + <quote>Pretty Little Girls' School</quote>: The Structure Of Lojb= an selbri

Lojban content words: brivla At the center, logically and often physically, of every Lojban b= ridi is one or more words which constitute the selbri. A bridi expresses a = relationship between things: the selbri specifies which relationship is ref= erred to. The difference between: <anchor xml:id=3D"c5e1d1" /> <anchor xml:id=3D"cll_chapter5-section1-example1" />

diff --git a/todocbook/README b/todocbook/README deleted file mode 100644 index eec0d71..0000000 --- a/todocbook/README +++ /dev/null @@ -1,85 +0,0 @@ -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - BEGIN ISSUES THAT STILL MATTER AFTER THE CONVERSION IS DONE -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -Everything here should be moved to other documentation at some point. - -In: - - - -the id is a random string to be used for anchors only, i.e. not for -humans. It should never be changed or removed. It should follow -the example around forever (unless the example itself is removed, of -course). - -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - END ISSUES THAT STILL MATTER AFTER THE CONVERSION IS DONE -=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D - -This directory is used to turn the old HTML many-files stuff into -dockbook/xml. It's not ever intended to be re-run once it's all -working properly; the scripts and stuff are still here in case -something is found that's easier to fix in the HTML and propogate -through. - -Anyways, that's why these instructions on how to build everything -aren't in a makefile or something. - -First pass was done like this: - - superglom.sh - - merge.sh - - xmlto -o html/ html cll.xml 2>&1 | grep -v 'No localization exists for "= jbo" or "". Using default "en".' - -This resulted in a bunch of files named N.xml, where N is a chapter -number, and cll.xml as the whole, and html/ with the html version -thereof (which also proves that it validates). - -For the second pass these files were moved to N.xml.orig. The .orig -files were tweaked by hand somewhat, but most of the processing was -automatically done by - - massage.sh - -and its various sub-scripts. This did quote handling, turned the - example bits into the real example structure we're -going to use, and gave them random id tags for future use. - -massage.sh relies on: - - identity.xsl - insert_ids.pl - make_examples.xsl - massage.sh - random-ids - -There is now a - =20 - Makefile=20 - =20 -to do all the steps to turn the N.xml files into html/. There is -actually an extra XSLT preprocessing step now. The makefile relies -on: - - docbook2html.css - docbook2html_config.xsl - docbook2html_preprocess.xsl - identity.xsl - -The third pass was pretty limited, and was basically just: - - make_cmavo.pl - massage2.sh - -(with the .orig trick as above). It create the -entries. - -The fourth pass was similarily limited, and was just about the -index: - - make_index.sh - origcllindex.txt - TODO-index diff --git a/todocbook/README-conversion b/todocbook/README-conversion new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eec0d71 --- /dev/null +++ b/todocbook/README-conversion @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + BEGIN ISSUES THAT STILL MATTER AFTER THE CONVERSION IS DONE +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +Everything here should be moved to other documentation at some point. + +In: + + + +the id is a random string to be used for anchors only, i.e. not for +humans. It should never be changed or removed. It should follow +the example around forever (unless the example itself is removed, of +course). + +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + END ISSUES THAT STILL MATTER AFTER THE CONVERSION IS DONE +=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D + +This directory is used to turn the old HTML many-files stuff into +dockbook/xml. It's not ever intended to be re-run once it's all +working properly; the scripts and stuff are still here in case +something is found that's easier to fix in the HTML and propogate +through. + +Anyways, that's why these instructions on how to build everything +aren't in a makefile or something. + +First pass was done like this: + + superglom.sh + + merge.sh + + xmlto -o html/ html cll.xml 2>&1 | grep -v 'No localization exists for "= jbo" or "". Using default "en".' + +This resulted in a bunch of files named N.xml, where N is a chapter +number, and cll.xml as the whole, and html/ with the html version +thereof (which also proves that it validates). + +For the second pass these files were moved to N.xml.orig. The .orig +files were tweaked by hand somewhat, but most of the processing was +automatically done by + + massage.sh + +and its various sub-scripts. This did quote handling, turned the + example bits into the real example structure we're +going to use, and gave them random id tags for future use. + +massage.sh relies on: + + identity.xsl + insert_ids.pl + make_examples.xsl + massage.sh + random-ids + +There is now a + =20 + Makefile=20 + =20 +to do all the steps to turn the N.xml files into html/. There is +actually an extra XSLT preprocessing step now. The makefile relies +on: + + docbook2html.css + docbook2html_config.xsl + docbook2html_preprocess.xsl + identity.xsl + +The third pass was pretty limited, and was basically just: + + make_cmavo.pl + massage2.sh + +(with the .orig trick as above). It create the +entries. + +The fourth pass was similarily limited, and was just about the +index: + + make_index.sh + origcllindex.txt + TODO-index diff --git a/todocbook/merge.sh b/todocbook/merge.sh index 4588085..6240a35 100755 --- a/todocbook/merge.sh +++ b/todocbook/merge.sh @@ -7,21 +7,22 @@ echo ' =20 =20 ' >cll.xml =20 if [ "$1" =3D=3D "-t" ] then echo "Entering testing mode: will replace all external xrefs in each cha= pter." fi - +# +#

=20 for file in $@ do cat $file >>cll.xml done =20 cp cll.xml cll_preglossary.xml =20 echo '' >>cll_preglossary.xml =20 --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= BPFK" group. To post to this group, send email to bpfk-list@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to bpfk-list+unsubscribe@googleg= roups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/bpfk-l= ist?hl=3Den.