Negation of minor grammatical constructs

Negation of minor grammatical constructs We have a few other constructs that can be negated, all of them = based on negating individual words. For such negation, we use the suffix-co= mbining negator, which is=20 nai.=20 nai, by the way, is almost always written as a compound= into the previous word that it is negating, although it is a regular separ= ate-word cmavo and the sole member of selma'o NAI. Most of these negation forms are straightforward, and should be = discussed and interpreted in connection with an analysis of the particular = construct being negated. Thus, we will not go into much detail here. The following are places where=20 nai is used: When attached to tenses and modals (see=20 - ), the + , , and ), the nai suffix usually indicates a contradictory negation o= f the tagged bridi. Thus=20 punai as a tense inflection means=20 not-in-the-past, or=20 not-previously, without making any implication about an= y other time period unless explicitly stated. As a result, <anchor xml:id=3D"c15e7d1"/>

mi na pu klama le zarci @@ -1374,30 +1374,30 @@ I do not have THREE children. (I have two – simple undue quantity)

<anchor xml:id=3D"c15e10d6"/> I have not held THREE jobs previously, but four. - (inaccurate quantity; the difference from the previous example= is that - someone who has held four jobs has also held three jobs) + (inaccurate quantity; the difference from the previous + example is that someone who has held four jobs has also held + three jobs) <anchor xml:id=3D"c15e10d7"/> It is not good, but bad. - (undue quantity negation indicating that the value on a - scale for measuring the predicate is incorrect) + (undue quantity negation indicating that the value on a scale = for measuring the predicate is incorrect) <anchor xml:id=3D"c15e10d8"/> She is not PRETTY; she is beautiful. (undue quantity transferred to a non-numeric scale) diff --git a/todocbook/9.xml b/todocbook/9.xml index 5918d7a..ed10fee 100644 --- a/todocbook/9.xml +++ b/todocbook/9.xml @@ -1866,21 +1866,21 @@ <gloss>I am-justified by the event-of (I see the book) [namely, th= e event-of (I take the book)]</gloss> <en>I am justified in taking the book by seeing the book.</en> </interlinear-gloss> </example> <para> <indexterm type=3D"general-imported"><primary>modal conversion = without modal</primary><secondary>as vague</secondary></indexterm>=20 <xref linkend=3D"example-random-id-qMse"/>, with the bracketed part om= itted, allows us to say that=20 <quote>I am justified</quote> whereas in fact it is my action that is = justified. This construction is vague, but useful in representing natural-l= anguage methods of expression.</para> <para> <indexterm type=3D"general-imported"><primary>fi'o</primary><se= condary>and modal conversion</secondary></indexterm> <indexterm type=3D"ge= neral-imported"><primary>modal conversion with fi'o</primary></indexterm> N= ote: The uses of modals discussed in this section are applicable both to BA= I modals and to=20 <oldjbophrase>fi'o-</oldjbophrase>plus-selbri modals.</para> </section> - <section xml:id=3D"section-negation"> + <section xml:id=3D"section-modal-negation"> <title>Modal negation modals<= secondary>negation of negation of modals Negation is expl= ained in detail in=20 . There are two forms of negation = in Lojban: contradictory and scalar negation. Contradictory negation expres= ses what is false, whereas scalar negation says that some alternative to wh= at has been stated is true. A simple example is the difference between=20 John didn't go to Paris (contradictory negation) and=20 John went to (somewhere) other than Paris (scalar negat= ion). modalscontradictory negation of negation of modalscontr= adictory Contradictory negation involving BAI cmavo= is performed by appending=20 -nai (of selma'o NAI) to the BAI. A commo= n use of modals with=20 -nai is to deny a causal relationship: diff --git a/todocbook/TODO b/todocbook/TODO index 2917e6c..af2310f 100644 --- a/todocbook/TODO +++ b/todocbook/TODO @@ -19,36 +19,20 @@ From IRC: =20 < vensa> rlpowell: are you aware of the TYPO at the bottm of this CLL page= ? http://dag.github.com/cll/10/16/ < rlpowell> Heh. I get an internal server error. :) < rlpowell> Can you paste? < vensa> subordinate: X TENSE le nu Y -- that's the prope= r part < vensa> forethought coordinate: TENSE+gi X gi Y -- thats the bad par= t pe'i < rlpowell> What do you think the problem is? < kebukebu> (They are said to be equivalent) < vensa> (should be TENSE+gi *Y* gi *X*) =20 -15.xml - - <para>(inaccurate quantity; the difference from the pre - vious example is that</para> - <para>someone who has held four jobs has also held thre - e jobs)</para>=20 - - <para>(undue quantity negation indicating that the valu - e on a</para> - <para>scale for measuring the predicate is incorrect)</ - para> - - -- bad break - - <xref linkend=3D"chapter-tenses"/>), the  -- FIXME - 17.xml: =20 <entry>ligatured fi fi</entry> -- and several followig -- doubled =20 <quote>h</quote> <quote>a</quote> <quote>n</quote> <superscript>4</superscript> -- should not be superscript =20 --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= BPFK" group. To post to this group, send email to bpfk-list@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to bpfk-list+unsubscribe@googleg= roups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/bpfk-l= ist?hl=3Den.