- <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e10d1"/> -

Sub-events - six-shooterexample tensesnon-logical connection of for= sub-events Another application of non-logical tens= e connection is to talk about sub-events of events. Consider a six-shooter:= a gun which can fire six bullets in succession before reloading. If I fire= off the entire magazine twice, I can express the fact in Lojban thus: + =20 + tensesnon-logical connection of for sub-events Another a= pplication of non-logical tense connection is to talk about sub-events of e= vents. Consider a six-shooter: a gun which can fire six bullets in successi= on before reloading. If I fire off the entire magazine twice, I can express= the fact in Lojban thus: =20 =20 <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e21d1"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>six-shooter</primary><seconda= ry>example</secondary></indexterm> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>on two occasions</primary><se= condary>example</secondary></indexterm>

mi reroi pi'u xaroi cecla le seldanti =20 I [twice] [cross-product] [six times] shoot the projectile-= launcher. =20 On two occasions, I fire the gun six times.

- pi'u on two occasio= nsexample cross productwith tenses Cartes= ian productwith tenses pi'uuse in con= necting tenses It would be confusing, though gramma= tical, to run the=20 + pi'u =20 + cross productwith tenses Cartesian productwith tenses pi'uuse in connecting tenses It would be co= nfusing, though grammatical, to run the=20 reroi and the=20 xaroi directly together. However, the non= -logical connective=20 pi'u expresses a Cartesian product (also known as a cro= ss product) of two sets. In this case, there is a set of two firings each o= f which is represented by a set of six shots, for twelve shots in all (henc= e the name=20 =20 =20 =20 product: the product of 2 and 6 is 12). Its use specifi= es very precisely what occurs. event contoursstrings of interval propertiesstrings of= In fact, you can specify strings of interval prope= rties and event contours within a single tense without the use of a logical= or non-logical connective cmavo. This allows tenses of the type: =20 =20 @@ -2976,38 +3033,41 @@ le zarci cu se klama mi The market is-gone-to by-me. jai= jai with tense<= /primary>as equivalent of SE in grammar = tense conversionaccessing tense of bridi with jai conversionacces= sing tense of bridi with jai It is also possible to= bring a place that is specified by a sumti tcita (for the purposes of this= chapter, a tense sumti tcita) to the front, by using=20 jai plus the tense as the grammatical equivalent of SE:= <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e22d3"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>rat eats cheese in park</prim= ary><secondary>example</secondary></indexterm>

le ratcu cu citka le cirla vi le panka The rat eats the cheese [short distance] the park. The rat eats the cheese in the park.

<anchor xml:id=3D"c10e22d4"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>rat eats cheese in park</prim= ary><secondary>example</secondary></indexterm>

le panka cu jai vi citka le cirla fai le ratcu The park is-the-place-of eating the cheese by-the rat. The park is where the rat eats the cheese.

- FA selma'o fai<= /primary> rat ea= ts cheese in parkexample tense conversionaccessing original first place with fai In=20 + FA selma'o fai<= /primary> =20 + tense conversion= accessing original first place with fai = In=20 , the construction JAI+tense= converts the location sumti into the first place. The previous first place= has nowhere to go, since the location sumti is not a numbered place; howev= er, it can be inserted back into the bridi with=20 fai, the indefinite member of selma'o FA. (The other members of FA are used to mark the first, second, etc= . places of a bridi explicitly: <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e22d5"/> fa mi cu klama fe le zarci @@ -3027,25 +3087,24 @@

mi cu klama le zarci

in which the place structure is determined by position.) LE selma'o tense co= nversionuse in sumti descriptions Like SE conversion, JAI+tense conversion is especially useful in descri= ptions with LE selma'o: =20 =20 - =20 - place of eatingexample FIXME: TAG SPOT <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e22d8"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>place of eating</primary><sec= ondary>example</secondary></indexterm>

mi viska le jai vi citka be le cirla I saw the place-of eating the cheese.

Here the eater of the cheese is elided, so no=20 fai appears. tense conversion<= /primary>of temporal tenses Of course, t= emporal tenses are also usable with JAI: =20 @@ -3219,52 +3278,60 @@ ma<= /indexterm> mafor tense questions tense questions with ma tense questionsmethods of asking There are two main ways to ask = questions about tense. The main English tense question words are=20 When? and=20 Where?. These may be paraphrased respectively as=20 At what time? and=20 At what place? In these forms, their Lojban equivalents= simply involve a tense plus=20 ma, the Lojban sumti question: <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d1"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>when</primary><secondary>exam= ple</secondary></indexterm>

do klama le zdani ca ma You go-to the house [present] [what sumti?]. You go to the house at what time? When do you go to the house?

<anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d2"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>where</primary><secondary>exa= mple</secondary></indexterm>

le verba vi ma pu cadzu le bisli The child [short space] [what sumti?] [past] walks-on the i= ce. The child at/near what place walked on the ice? Where did the child walk on the ice?

- whereexample whenexample modal-or-tense question= with cu'e tense-or-modal questionswith cu'e There is also a non-specific tense and modal question,= =20 + =20 + + modal-or-tense questionwith cu'e tense-or-modal questionswith c= u'e There is also a non-specific tense and modal qu= estion,=20 cu'e, belonging to selma'o CUhE. This can be used where= ver a tense or modal construct can be used. <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d3"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>when/where/how</primary><seco= ndary>example</secondary></indexterm>

le nanmu cu'e batci le gerku The man [what tense?] bites the dog. When/Where/How does the man bite the dog?

- when/where/howexample answersto tense-or-modal questio= ns Possible answers to=20 + =20 + + + answersto tense-or-modal questions Possible answers to= =20 might be: <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d4"/> va [medium space]. Some ways from here. @@ -3305,24 +3372,25 @@ <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d8"/>

seka'a le briju With-destination the office.

modal-or-tense qu= estionspre-specifying some information tense-or-modal ques= tionspre-specifying some information cu'ecombining with other tense cmavo The only way t= o combine=20 cu'e with other tense cmavo is through logical connecti= on, which makes a question that pre-specifies some information: - when elseexample sowed grainexample FIXME: TAG SPOT <anchor xml:id=3D"c10e24d9"/> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>when else</primary><secondary= >example</secondary></indexterm> + <indexterm type=3D"example"><primary>sowed grain</primary><seconda= ry>example</secondary></indexterm>

do puzi je cu'e sombo le gurni You [past] [short] and [when?] sow the grain? You sowed the grain a little while ago; when else do you = sow it? =20

Additionally, the logical connective itself can be replaced by a= question word: tense questionsby using logical connective question FIXME: TAG SPOT --=20 You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= BPFK" group. To post to this group, send email to bpfk-list@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to bpfk-list+unsubscribe@googleg= roups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/bpfk-l= ist?hl=3Den.