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References: <95cdbee4-7ddc-4f7d-bb48-4591b7c3d915@googlegroups.com>
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Date: Sat, 8 Dec 2012 15:24:11 +0100
Message-ID: <3736783724250528476@unknownmsgid>
Subject: Re: [bpfk] polysemy of {nai}
To: =?UTF-8?Q?Jorge_Llamb=C3=ADas?= <jjllambias@gmail.com>
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*claps*

What an impressively lucid exposition.

On 8 dec 2012, at 15:16, "Jorge Llamb=EDas" <jjllambias@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Fri, Dec 7, 2012 at 6:35 AM, la gleki <gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com> wro=
te:
>>
>> Anyway, I want all types of negation to fit on the same scheme.
>> Last time when I draw a similar scheme I could completely solve (at leas=
t
>> for myself) the problem of subjunctives in lojban.
>> Now it's time for negation.
>
> Negation is acheved with "na" or "na'e". They both have the same
> meaning, just different scopes. "na'e" can pretty much be replaced
> with "me lo na" and "na" can pretty much be replaced with "na'e ke ...
> ke'e be ... bei ... bei ...".
>
> "to'e" is not really negation, it is "opposite" or "antonym":
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite_(semantics)
> Calling it "negation" is just one of those weird Lojbanic
> eccentricities. "no'e" expresses the midpoint between something and
> its opposite, so it only really works with gradable antonyms.
>
> "na'i" is a kind of negation, although what it negates is not explicit
> in the discourse. It negates a presupposition, something that is taken
> for granted as true, and therefore is not expressed. So na'i says that
> a sentence cannot be evaluated as either true or false because
> something prior that needs to be satisfied to even make sense of the
> sentence is not being satisfied. Once the presupposition is expressed
> explicitly, it can be negated with "na", as usual. "na'i" just
> indicates that there is something unexpressed that wants to be
> negated. So "na'i" is a metalinguistic "na".
>
> "nai" changes the meaning of the preceding word to something with the
> same function but different meaning, usually but not always an
> opposite meaning. ".enai" for example is not really the opposite of
> ".e" (indeed it is not clear what the opposite of ".e" would be, not
> every word has a clear opposite). ".enai" is a logical connective
> whose truth table is related to the truth table of ".e" in some
> systematic way that can be explained using negation.
>
> mu'o mi'e xorxes
>
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