Received: with ECARTIS (v1.0.0; list lojban-beginners); Mon, 07 Feb 2005 13:08:27 -0800 (PST) Received: from genamics.blastula.net ([205.214.85.184]) by chain.digitalkingdom.org with esmtp (TLS-1.0:DHE_RSA_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA:24) (Exim 4.34) id 1CyG1J-0008Ac-Ir for lojban-beginners@chain.digitalkingdom.org; Mon, 07 Feb 2005 13:02:09 -0800 Received: from [203.184.7.27] (helo=gulik.co.nz) by genamics.blastula.net with esmtpa (Exim 4.43) id 1CyG1G-0004mv-98 for lojban-beginners@chain.digitalkingdom.org; Tue, 08 Feb 2005 10:02:07 +1300 Message-ID: <4207D74B.1090406@gulik.co.nz> Date: Tue, 08 Feb 2005 10:02:03 +1300 From: Michael van der Gulik User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.6) Gecko/20040216 Debian/1.6.x.1-10 X-Accept-Language: en MIME-Version: 1.0 To: lojban-beginners@chain.digitalkingdom.org Subject: [lojban-beginners] Re: "x" sound References: In-Reply-To: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed X-MailScanner-Information: Please contact the ISP for more information X-MailScanner: Found to be clean X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - genamics.blastula.net X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - chain.digitalkingdom.org X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [47 12] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - gulik.co.nz X-Source: X-Source-Args: X-Source-Dir: X-archive-position: 1117 X-Approved-By: rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org X-ecartis-version: Ecartis v1.0.0 Sender: lojban-beginners-bounce@chain.digitalkingdom.org Errors-to: lojban-beginners-bounce@chain.digitalkingdom.org X-original-sender: mikevdg@gulik.co.nz Precedence: bulk Reply-to: lojban-beginners@chain.digitalkingdom.org X-list: lojban-beginners Content-Length: 1313 Betsemes wrote: >I've still doubts about how this letter sounds. The online reference grammar >says "x [x] an unvoiced velar fricative". >I can also find: >[x] >The preferred pronunciation of Lojban ``x''. Not normally an English sound, >but used in some pronunciations of ``loch'' and ``Bach''; ``gh'' in Scots >``might'' and ``night''. The German ``Ach-Laut''. To pronounce [x], force >air through your throat without vibrating your vocal chords; there should be >lots of scrape. > >I'm still unsure on which sound it might be, but I've guessed it's the same >"H" sound used in Klingon (as in /baH/ or /'oH/). Could someone who knows >both languages (if any) clarify? > > > You could find some lojban recordings on the Internet and listen to them. This is a good starting point: http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-index.php?page=Multimedia http://www.users.qwest.net/~rrapplean/loj400.html The "x" sound is made by putting the middle bulge of your tongue against the back end of your hard pallate and gargling while forcing air through your mouth. It sounds quite disgusting. I think that it's entirely possible a native English speaker may never have heard this sound in his/her entire life. AFAIK, Lojban isn't actually spoken aloud that often, so I wouldn't loose sleep over it. Mikevdg.