Received: from mail-we0-f189.google.com ([74.125.82.189]:36856) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1S4pbO-0004JA-6J; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:42 -0800 Received: by wera1 with SMTP id a1sf5049416wer.16 for ; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:26 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of lojban-beginners+bncCMHEmaCOBhC6kNf6BBoEDRfPuw@googlegroups.com designates 10.204.157.5 as permitted sender) client-ip=10.204.157.5; Authentication-Results: mr.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of lojban-beginners+bncCMHEmaCOBhC6kNf6BBoEDRfPuw@googlegroups.com designates 10.204.157.5 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=lojban-beginners+bncCMHEmaCOBhC6kNf6BBoEDRfPuw@googlegroups.com; dkim=pass header.i=lojban-beginners+bncCMHEmaCOBhC6kNf6BBoEDRfPuw@googlegroups.com Received: from mr.google.com ([10.204.157.5]) by 10.204.157.5 with SMTP id z5mr2120389bkw.15.1331021906677 (num_hops = 1); Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:26 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=beta; h=x-beenthere:received-spf:received-spf:mime-version:in-reply-to :references:date:message-id:subject:from:to:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender :list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=0S0oeuYOGRM+UrLKIpH6/vYuK3jtsYwy81xCYzF1FR8=; b=1etvIqBMF0Bc11s8yoEMnFTZEvPkjEeT3UqPcXpIvJiHSl5OlD9yFVZcoMokl4Lz1s uadOxPFeGZuYAVGZAExWZbMSJrXBVB0ISwr2SqywIlxB6q2YjvB2MyPYxIlgbbGmgxPR seIADDpU3C8NAg4ShyN+LfNI2eANJT9+OrNDg= Received: by 10.204.157.5 with SMTP id z5mr631921bkw.15.1331021882154; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:02 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.204.128.220 with SMTP id l28ls318582bks.8.gmail; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.204.129.15 with SMTP id m15mr52308bks.2.1331021880215; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.204.129.15 with SMTP id m15mr52307bks.2.1331021880177; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-lpp01m010-f54.google.com (mail-lpp01m010-f54.google.com [209.85.215.54]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 20si21004670bko.3.2012.03.06.00.18.00 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of eyeonus@gmail.com designates 209.85.215.54 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.85.215.54; Received: by mail-lpp01m010-f54.google.com with SMTP id v3so8064603lag.13 for ; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of eyeonus@gmail.com designates 10.112.86.198 as permitted sender) client-ip=10.112.86.198; Received: from mr.google.com ([10.112.86.198]) by 10.112.86.198 with SMTP id r6mr11154740lbz.53.1331021880058 (num_hops = 1); Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:18:00 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.112.86.198 with SMTP id r6mr9152588lbz.53.1331021879890; Tue, 06 Mar 2012 00:17:59 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.152.148.225 with HTTP; Tue, 6 Mar 2012 00:17:59 -0800 (PST) In-Reply-To: References: <53e56d0b-83b4-4575-80d8-c1e8a8708d15@q11g2000vbu.googlegroups.com> <201203052204.54233.phma@phma.optus.nu> Date: Tue, 6 Mar 2012 01:17:59 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] Re: Just having trouble putting a sentence together in general... Think I figured it out From: Jonathan Jones To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com X-Original-Sender: eyeonus@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of eyeonus@gmail.com designates 209.85.215.54 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=eyeonus@gmail.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 300742228892 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=bcaec554d6dc56d2cf04ba8eaebc X-Spam-Score: -0.7 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.7 X-Spam_score_int: -6 X-Spam_bar: / Content-Length: 22100 --bcaec554d6dc56d2cf04ba8eaebc Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 On Tue, Mar 6, 2012 at 12:10 AM, .arpis. wrote: > In the past, I've found the "How to use xorlo" page misleading at > best, and incorrect at worst. I recall xorxes contradicting it. > > As I understand, the BPFK section on gadri is the most accurate > reference to do with {lo} and {le}: > http://www.lojban.org/tiki/BPFK+Section%3A+gadri > > {lo broda} is defined as {zo'e noi ke'a broda} > {le broda} is defined as {zo'e noi mi ke'a do skicu lo ka ce'u broda} > > So (ignoring quantifiers, since they're not relevant here) {lo broda} > refers to something that is {broda}, and {le broda} refers to > something which I describe to you as being {broda}. > > So far we're in agreement, right? > Yes, as long as you agree that the thing referred to with le must be a specific something being described. > Now, let's say I have a specific dog in mind: is it incorrect to refer > to it as {lo gerku}? I argue not, and I think you agree. > I agree, but that point is moot. It doesn't matter when you can use lo- lo is the default gadri, it can always be used anywhere any gadri can be used, as long as lo broda actually is broda. > Since in many cases where {le} can be used, {lo} can be used just as > well, the speaker needs to make a choice between the two, and the > listener needs to infer what the speaker meant by the choice. > Many isn't the right word; "most" or "all" are more accurate. > {le broda} is not defined to refer to "the thing which is a broda that > I have in mind", so I argue that "having a particular {broda} in mind" > is not enough of a reason to use {le} over {lo}. I think that this use > comes from taking too far the similarities of {le} to "the" and of > {lo} to "a". > Well, considering the fact that the only time it /is/ appropriate to use le is when you have a particular broda in mind, your personal feelings as to the similarity between Lojban and English gadri isn't really pertinent. Furthermore, le isn't used when you have a particular thing in mind because of a similarity with English the. It is used in that fashion because that is how it is /defined/. If you have issue with that, take it up with the people who created the gadri, whom were all English-native speakers, IIRC. > On Tue, Mar 6, 2012 at 12:51 AM, Jonathan Jones > wrote: > > On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 9:56 PM, .arpis. > wrote: > >> > >> doi .aionys. Can you justify that prescription? > > > > > > It's not a prescription. It's not a position. It's the definition of le. > > > > le as mentioned in the following documents: > > > > jbovlaste : "non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ..." > {gadri > > lo selbri fo le du'u sinxa ro se skicu be le cusku bei le te cusku bei > la'e > > vo'e} > > > > CLL 6.2 : "le LE the, the one(s) described as" > > le zarci > > one-or-more-specific-things-each-of-which-I-describe-as being-a-market > > the market > > > > xorlo : "le is used for particular things you have in mind." > >> > >> > >> pe'i That's malgli, but I speak Russian fluently, and that my account > >> for my opinion. > > > > > > It certainly does, since that is the definition of le. > > > >> > >> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 11:52 PM, Jonathan Jones > wrote: > >> > Use {le} when you are referring to something you specifically have in > >> > mind. > >> > > >> > > >> > On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 8:52 PM, .arpis. > >> > wrote: > >> >> > >> >> I haven't heard of a good consensus of when to use {le}. > >> >> > >> >> My impression is that {lo} should be the default unless you have > >> >> reason stronger than specificity. *ba'e* {le} is not "the". > >> >> > >> >> I personally only use it when I want to emphasize the fact that the > >> >> sumti may not technically fit the selbri, mu'i {le cribe} to refer to > >> >> a teddy-bear; unlike pre-xorlo, however, {lo cribe} is unquestionably > >> >> still correct in that case. > >> >> > >> >> I guess I might also use it to clarify/emphasize subjectivity: {lo > >> >> xagrai cmaxi'a} might not have a clear referent, but if I say {le > >> >> xagrai cmaxi'a}, I'm clearly talking about Rainbow Dash. > >> >> > >> >> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:04 PM, Pierre Abbat > >> >> wrote: > >> >> > On Monday, March 05, 2012 21:49:33 RexScientiarum wrote: > >> >> >> If I was was talking about a specific microbe I was observing I > >> >> >> could > >> >> >> use {le} right? > >> >> > > >> >> > Yes, and likewise if you're using a specific microscope. Use of > >> >> > articles > >> >> > in > >> >> > Lojban is somewhat different from use of articles in English (or > >> >> > French > >> >> > or any > >> >> > other language that has articles). > >> >> > > >> >> > Pierre > >> >> > -- > >> >> > .i toljundi do .ibabo mi'afra tu'a do > >> >> > .ibabo damba do .ibabo do jinga > >> >> > .icu'u la ma'atman. > >> >> > > >> >> > -- > >> >> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > >> >> > Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. > >> >> > To post to this group, send email to > >> >> > lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > >> >> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > >> >> > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > >> >> > For more options, visit this group at > >> >> > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > >> >> > > >> >> > >> >> > >> >> > >> >> -- > >> >> mu'o mi'e .arpis. > >> >> > >> >> -- > >> >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > >> >> Groups > >> >> "Lojban Beginners" group. > >> >> To post to this group, send email to > lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > >> >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > >> >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > >> >> For more options, visit this group at > >> >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > >> >> > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > -- > >> > mu'o mi'e .aionys. > >> > > >> > .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o > >> > (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) > >> > > >> > -- > >> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > >> > Groups > >> > "Lojban Beginners" group. > >> > To post to this group, send email to > lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > >> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > >> > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > >> > For more options, visit this group at > >> > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > >> > >> > >> > >> -- > >> mu'o mi'e .arpis. > >> > >> -- > >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google > Groups > >> "Lojban Beginners" group. > >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > >> For more options, visit this group at > >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > >> > > > > > > > > -- > > mu'o mi'e .aionys. > > > > .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o > > (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) > > > > -- > > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > > "Lojban Beginners" group. > > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > > For more options, visit this group at > > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > > > > -- > mu'o mi'e .arpis. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Lojban Beginners" group. > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > > -- mu'o mi'e .aionys. .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. --bcaec554d6dc56d2cf04ba8eaebc Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
On Tue, Mar 6, 2012 at 12:10 AM, .arpis. <rpglover64+= jbobau@gmail.com> wrote:
In the past, I've found the "How to use xorlo" page misleadin= g at
best, and incorrect at worst. I recall xorxes contradicting it.

As I understand, the BPFK section on gadri is the most accurate
reference to do with {lo} and {le}:
http://www.lojban.org/tiki/BPFK+Section%3A+gadri

{lo broda} is defined as {zo'e noi ke'a broda}
{le broda} is defined as {zo'e noi mi ke'a do skicu lo ka ce'u = broda}

So (ignoring quantifiers, since they're not relevant here) {lo broda} refers to something that is {broda}, and {le broda} refers to
something which I describe to you as being {broda}.

So far we're in agreement, right?

Yes, as long= as you agree that the thing referred to with le must be a specific somethi= ng being described.
=A0
Now, let's say I have a specific dog in mind: is it incorrect to refer<= br> to it as {lo gerku}? I argue not, and I think you agree.

I agree, but that point is moot. It doesn't matter when you can = use lo- lo is the default gadri, it can always be used anywhere any gadri c= an be used, as long as lo broda actually is broda.
=A0
Since in many cases where {le} can be used, {lo} can be used just as
well, the speaker needs to make a choice between the two, and the
listener needs to infer what the speaker meant by the choice.

Many isn't the right word; "most" or "all&qu= ot; are more accurate.
=A0
{le broda} is not defined to refer to "the thing which is a broda that=
I have in mind", so I argue that "having a particular {broda} in = mind"
is not enough of a reason to use {le} over {lo}. I think that this use
comes from taking too far the similarities of {le} to "the" and o= f
{lo} to "a".

Well, considering the fact = that the only time it /is/ appropriate to use le is when you have a particu= lar broda in mind, your personal feelings as to the similarity between Lojb= an and English gadri isn't really pertinent.

Furthermore, le isn't used when you have a particular thing in mind= because of a similarity with English the. It is used in that fashion becau= se that is how it is /defined/. If you have issue with that, take it up wit= h the people who created the gadri, whom were all English-native speakers, = IIRC.
=A0
On Tue, Mar 6, 2012 at 12:51 AM, Jonathan Jones <eyeonus@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 9:56 PM, .arpis. <rpglover64+jbobau@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> doi .aionys. Can you justify that prescription?
>
>
> It's not a prescription. It's not a position. It's the def= inition of le.
>
> le as mentioned in the following documents:
>
> jbovlaste : "non-veridical descriptor: the one(s) described as ..= ." {gadri
> lo selbri fo le du'u sinxa ro se skicu be le cusku bei le te cusku= bei la'e
> vo'e}
>
> CLL 6.2 : "le LE the, the one(s) described as"
> le zarci
> one-or-more-specific-things-each-of-which-I-describe-as being-a-market=
> the market
>
> xorlo : "le is used for particular things you have in mind."=
>>
>>
>> pe'i That's malgli, but I speak Russian fluently, and that= my account
>> for my opinion.
>
>
> It certainly does, since that is the definition of le.
>
>>
>> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 11:52 PM, Jonathan Jones <eyeonus@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Use {le} when you are referring to something you specifically= have in
>> > mind.
>> >
>> >
>> > On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 8:52 PM, .arpis. <rpglover64+jbobau@gmail.com>
>> > wrote:
>> >>
>> >> I haven't heard of a good consensus of when to use {l= e}.
>> >>
>> >> My impression is that {lo} should be the default unless y= ou have
>> >> reason stronger than specificity. *ba'e* {le} is not = "the".
>> >>
>> >> I personally only use it when I want to emphasize the fac= t that the
>> >> sumti may not technically fit the selbri, mu'i {le cr= ibe} to refer to
>> >> a teddy-bear; unlike pre-xorlo, however, {lo cribe} is un= questionably
>> >> still correct in that case.
>> >>
>> >> I guess I might also use it to clarify/emphasize subjecti= vity: {lo
>> >> xagrai cmaxi'a} might not have a clear referent, but = if I say {le
>> >> xagrai cmaxi'a}, I'm clearly talking about Rainbo= w Dash.
>> >>
>> >> On Mon, Mar 5, 2012 at 10:04 PM, Pierre Abbat <phma@phma.optus.nu>
>> >> wrote:
>> >> > On Monday, March 05, 2012 21:49:33 RexScientiarum wr= ote:
>> >> >> If I was was talking about a specific microbe I = was =A0observing I
>> >> >> could
>> >> >> use {le} right?
>> >> >
>> >> > Yes, and likewise if you're using a specific mic= roscope. Use of
>> >> > articles
>> >> > in
>> >> > Lojban is somewhat different from use of articles in= English (or
>> >> > French
>> >> > or any
>> >> > other language that has articles).
>> >> >
>> >> > Pierre
>> >> > --
>> >> > .i toljundi do .ibabo mi'afra tu'a do
>> >> > .ibabo damba do .ibabo do jinga
>> >> > .icu'u la ma'atman.
>> >> >
>> >> > --
>> >> > You received this message because you are subscribed= to the Google
>> >> > Groups "Lojban Beginners" group.
>> >> > To post to this group, send email to
>> >> > lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
>> >> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
>> >> > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> >> > For more options, visit this group at
>> >> > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beg= inners?hl=3Den.
>> >> >
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> --
>> >> mu'o mi'e .arpis.
>> >>
>> >> --
>> >> You received this message because you are subscribed to t= he Google
>> >> Groups
>> >> "Lojban Beginners" group.
>> >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
>> >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
>> >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> >> For more options, visit this group at
>> >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginner= s?hl=3Den.
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > --
>> > mu'o mi'e .aionys.
>> >
>> > .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi pa= tfu do zo'o
>> > (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D )
>> >
>> > --
>> > You received this message because you are subscribed to the G= oogle
>> > Groups
>> > "Lojban Beginners" group.
>> > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
>> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
>> > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> > For more options, visit this group at
>> > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl= =3Den.
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> mu'o mi'e .arpis.
>>
>> --
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google= Groups
>> "Lojban Beginners" group.
>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> For more options, visit this group at
>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den= .
>>
>
>
>
> --
> mu'o mi'e .aionys.
>
> .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo= 'o
> (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D )
>
> --
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Gro= ups
> "Lojban Beginners" group.
> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> loj= ban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
> For more options, visit this group at
> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den= .



--
mu'o mi'e .arpis.

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups &= quot;Lojban Beginners" group.
To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegr= oups.com.
For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/g= roup/lojban-beginners?hl=3Den.




--
mu'o mi= 'e .aionys.

.i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.l= uk. mi patfu do zo'o
(Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. = :D )

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= Lojban Beginners" group.
To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
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For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= -beginners?hl=3Den.
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