Received: from mail-ia0-f189.google.com ([209.85.210.189]:40550) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1TguLW-0000ey-DJ; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:36:01 -0800 Received: by mail-ia0-f189.google.com with SMTP id b35sf167137iac.16 for ; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:44 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=20120806; h=x-beenthere:received-spf:date:from:to:cc:message-id:in-reply-to :references:subject:mime-version:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender :list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=uZYqRctlYH216XRcuJRn6t3JqG/KXTjoZVjJRS+bwTQ=; b=Ow+JoDWlzNnFrYstMgwcEtv2U4nHjG6ykM1WBh59EX+Aq2vAl2xbCsfWrXnXc+8hnw RXiWyoNQm5zaTej9nPOcXiInCtM9fbssEtquYgChRLo1DHzTMkr/IIEzFH2AdmUfTeoy 1zYdwDTIn0nmjaGZVTcXZtbBSFRo10vXB6TA4c3nDyYAytLC9tWq97hT0A2v79W3bh7z qJ0SYpUo4mfqfBAXsIG436gyQqkcKRyO1A+PvOfwFrue+posQkwOsEIhvmx2dj9Y6Fq0 1sq3cbJL/SawdeSWB1qYx7QjXfnjYhwqzecNsptgagkh5RaHrtvoNiAp3E/idV1+L4/0 K8qQ== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=x-beenthere:received-spf:date:from:to:cc:message-id:in-reply-to :references:subject:mime-version:x-original-sender :x-original-authentication-results:reply-to:precedence:mailing-list :list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post:list-help:list-archive:sender :list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe:content-type; bh=uZYqRctlYH216XRcuJRn6t3JqG/KXTjoZVjJRS+bwTQ=; b=wVUS1EPMFBPQUtmc3IK0N9GHu3h/atk85H5WidDfZMRPz6NT+327QBFCQWrtdVqILC p1AAjInnKUBxhBTPA9m1R3viVnbCNkAy2Nl9jse9ecgV9FYAGY9sRzzPWQRQ6eqrRSsJ tlUeT7XKNlL/59ulMxlfmrmJh+os8QuQ1TTUPyO/3/zb4apWYVc0HNdro9xs5sgFh0uL HhKj+9t1B6Jxll2AhV4BQuUJRaYt4jKT5zpHXQpQRDmH5/2qvY/kHQvUXmCrl5iR2Bdu 9px4qHV2TQPWwnJaI4cpVkIXvwotWvt9R4SEejdRfeo+38vJ7I6hQi7m9VkaQ5kgdlf/ ZqsQ== Received: by 10.49.116.139 with SMTP id jw11mr934515qeb.12.1354872943467; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:43 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.49.106.133 with SMTP id gu5ls1931104qeb.14.gmail; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.224.173.202 with SMTP id q10mr3752402qaz.3.1354872942628; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.224.173.202 with SMTP id q10mr3752399qaz.3.1354872942579; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-qc0-f192.google.com (mail-qc0-f192.google.com [209.85.216.192]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id r17si2358487qcp.1.2012.12.07.01.35.42 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com designates 209.85.216.192 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.85.216.192; Received: by mail-qc0-f192.google.com with SMTP id c21so166905qcs.19 for ; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.50.178.101 with SMTP id cx5mr1479519igc.10.1354872942297; Fri, 07 Dec 2012 01:35:42 -0800 (PST) Date: Fri, 7 Dec 2012 01:35:41 -0800 (PST) From: la gleki To: bpfk-list@googlegroups.com Cc: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Message-Id: <5406c1d2-ee78-4b41-ab68-06b7cf99dce7@googlegroups.com> In-Reply-To: <50C10003.1080806@lojban.org> References: <95cdbee4-7ddc-4f7d-bb48-4591b7c3d915@googlegroups.com> <50C10003.1080806@lojban.org> Subject: [lojban-beginners] Re: [bpfk] polysemy of {nai} MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Original-Sender: gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com designates 209.85.216.192 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=gleki.is.my.name@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 300742228892 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="----=_Part_191_11704676.1354872941539" X-Spam-Score: -0.1 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.1 X-Spam_score_int: 0 X-Spam_bar: / Content-Length: 15268 ------=_Part_191_11704676.1354872941539 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----=_Part_192_24413441.1354872941539" ------=_Part_192_24413441.1354872941539 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Let me see if I understand negators correctly (scheme attached in a file to this post). {na'e} says that we are somewere at another point but on the same scale. {no'e} says we are in the middle of the same scale. {to'e} says that we are at the opposite point of the same scale. {na'i} says that we are outside this scale (i.e. this predicate relationship) {na}. Here I have a problem. According to what I draw {na} means that we are not at this point of this scale and may be even outside this scale. So for me {na} is (warning! bad grammar follows) {na'i ja na'e}. But may be you prove me wrong (I'm not sure myself). Anyway, I want all types of negation to fit on the same scheme. Last time when I draw a similar scheme I could completely solve (at least for myself) the problem of subjunctives in lojban. Now it's time for negation. On Friday, December 7, 2012 12:28:51 AM UTC+4, lojbab wrote: > > I think this is more appropriate for the main list. > > la gleki wrote: > > Even the current grammar has two meanings of {nai}. > > Such "polysemy" (although lacking ambiguity in any case) might lead to > > inconvenience for newbies. > > Why {nai} actually means > > 1. to'e (UInai) > > 2. na (NU NAI = NU NA KU ZOhU, the same with connectives and BAI)? > > > > The proposal http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Move+NAI+to+CAI adds the third > > meaning (na'e). > > There is one "meaning" - a syntactically appropriate afterthought > negation of a single word. The semantics of that negation are specific > to what is being negated, but generally it is a scalar/contrary negation > (cf. na'e) of the specific word being marked. Sometimes the nature of > the construct means that a scalar negation is effectively equivalent to > a contradictory negation (cf. na) (this is especially the case for > logical connectives, by intent). I understand that on boolean scale {na'e=to'e} but what is {na} then? > > > As a scalar negation, it is NOT the equivalent of to'e when attached to > a UI, but rather na'e (generalized rather than extreme contrary > negation). na'e is {cu'i ja to'e} (grammar ingnored), isn't it? naicai would be the afterthought "nai"-like equivalent of > to'e when attached to UI. That said, sometimes a scalar situation > degenerates to the point where to'e and na'e are equivalent in meaning. This is not the case with some UI that have {cu'i} as an appropriate point on the scale. > > The separate words exist for those situations when the scale is NOT > degenerate. > > > Next question is why {nai} should move to CAI and then to UI when UI > > have no truth value? > > It shouldn't, and I have no idea why such a thing would be proposed (I > haven't read the cited proposal, and personally don't consider any > proposals until/unless formally brought before byfy - not that I know > what the procedure for doing so would be these days). > One more vite that it shouldn't be done. Therefore, the poll is closed. moving to CAI - may be. moving to UI - no. :) > We specifically considered that when solving the negation problem. Most > languages have oversimplified and degenerate forms of negation (probably > because logical complexity is "inconvenient for newbies"). TLI Loglan > does so. Lojban specifically tried to improve on that situation. > > > If so why having {to'e}, {no'e} and {na'e} and if they can be always > > optionally replaced with {nai}, {cu'i} and some experimental cmavo (e.g. > > {ne'e}) correspondingly? > > They can't be so replaced, unless some proposal screws up the language > in an attempt to oversimplify the negation problem. Having multiple > words allows the semantics of each situation to resolve over time with > usage evolving the way each word is interpreted. > That's what I'm proposing. Separate words for different meanings. > > Note also that nai is afterthought (like UI) while the NAhE family of > words are forethought and can be used with larger constructs than a > single word. > UI/CAI can be used with larger constructions, don't they? > > lojbab > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msg/lojban-beginners/-/FUR_YjLH81QJ. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. ------=_Part_192_24413441.1354872941539 Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Let me see if I understand negators correctly (scheme attached in a file to= this post).

{na'e} says that we are somewere at another= point but on the same scale.
{no'e} says we are in the middle of the sa= me scale.
{to'e} says that we are at the opposite point of the sa= me scale.
{na'i} says that we are outside this scale (i.e. this p= redicate relationship)
{na}. Here I have a problem. According to = what I draw {na} means that we are not at this point of this scale and may = be even outside this scale.
So for me {na} is (warning! bad gramm= ar follows) {na'i ja na'e}.

But may be you prove m= e wrong (I'm not sure myself).

Anyway, I want all = types of negation to fit on the same scheme.
Last time when I dra= w a similar scheme I could completely solve (at least for myself) the probl= em of subjunctives in lojban.
Now it's time for negation.


On Friday, December 7, 2012 12:28:51 AM UTC+4, lojbab wrote:I think this is more appropriate f= or the main list.

la gleki wrote:
> Even the current grammar has two meanings of {nai}.
> Such "polysemy" (although lacking ambiguity in any case) might lea= d to
> inconvenience for newbies.
> Why {nai} actually means
> 1. to'e (UInai)
> 2. na (NU NAI =3D NU NA KU ZOhU, the same with connectives and BAI= )?
>
> The proposal http://www.lojban.org/tiki/Move+NAI+to+CAI add= s the third
> meaning (na'e).

There is one "meaning" - a syntactically appropriate afterthought=20
negation of a single word.  The semantics of that negation are spe= cific=20
to what is being negated, but generally it is a scalar/contrary negatio= n=20
(cf. na'e) of the specific word being marked.  Sometimes the natur= e of=20
the construct means that a scalar negation is effectively equivalent to= =20
a contradictory negation (cf. na) (this is especially the case for=20
logical connectives, by intent).

I unde= rstand that on boolean scale {na'e=3Dto'e}  but what is {na} then?


As a scalar negation, it is NOT the equivalent of to'e when attached to= =20
a UI, but rather na'e (generalized rather than extreme contrary=20
negation).

na'e is {cu'i ja to'e} (gram= mar ingnored), isn't it?

 naicai would be the afterthought "nai"-like equivalen= t of=20
to'e when attached to UI.  That said, sometimes a scalar situation= =20
degenerates to the point where to'e and na'e are equivalent in meaning.=

This is not the case with some UI that ha= ve {cu'i}  as an appropriate point on the scale.

  The separate words exist for those situations when the scale is = NOT=20
degenerate.

> Next question is why {nai} should move to CAI and then to UI when = UI
> have no truth value?

It shouldn't, and I have no idea why such a thing would be proposed (I= =20
haven't read the cited proposal, and personally don't consider any=20
proposals until/unless formally brought before byfy - not that I know= =20
what the procedure for doing so would be these days).

One more vite that it shouldn't be don= e. Therefore, the poll is closed.
moving to CAI - may be.
moving to UI - no.
:)


We specifically considered that when solving the negation problem. &nbs= p;Most=20
languages have oversimplified and degenerate forms of negation (probabl= y=20
because logical complexity is "inconvenient for newbies").  TLI Lo= glan=20
does so.  Lojban specifically tried to improve on that situation.

> If so why having {to'e}, {no'e} and {na'e} and if they can be alwa= ys
> optionally replaced with {nai}, {cu'i} and some experimental cmavo= (e.g.
> {ne'e}) correspondingly?

They can't be so replaced, unless some proposal screws up the language= =20
in an attempt to oversimplify the negation problem.  Having multip= le=20
words allows the semantics of each situation to resolve over time with= =20
usage evolving the way each word is interpreted.

That's what I'm proposing. Separate wo= rds for different meanings.
 

Note also that nai is afterthought (like UI) while the NAhE family of= =20
words are forethought and can be used with larger constructs than a=20
single word.

UI/CAI can be used with larger constru= ctions, don't they? 

lojbab

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "= Lojban Beginners" group.
To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msg/l= ojban-beginners/-/FUR_YjLH81QJ.
=20 To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com.
To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@= googlegroups.com.
For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban= -beginners?hl=3Den.
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