Received: from mail-ye0-f185.google.com ([209.85.213.185]:62731) by stodi.digitalkingdom.org with esmtps (TLSv1:RC4-SHA:128) (Exim 4.76) (envelope-from ) id 1Trdxd-0004Vh-7r; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:43 -0800 Received: by mail-ye0-f185.google.com with SMTP id l3sf10344446yen.12 for ; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:26 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=googlegroups.com; s=20120806; h=x-received:x-beenthere:x-received:x-received:received-spf :mime-version:in-reply-to:references:date:message-id:subject:from:to :x-original-sender:x-original-authentication-results:reply-to :precedence:mailing-list:list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post :list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe :content-type; bh=tt1tbS6CrAfD+fKc6XQ1/EYuTPO+tPO0lJ0J/B1WPfk=; b=XjyZqzYeF4qCf/CPRYQ+jF4h+WrQSKsmCoQxrMM58BK4nSbYbsClvw+dkBMFmWH0NR +hkf7isvO7jUAue6Sxre9FZfKTUHUbZKJIuZfPGVZvadmEpnSL9UpPbcA0H1Bt6+ioBT FuQy1QMCmck2+odCuMRvkbSwP0AWEy2sD69sPFm8m7gOrWMi61d5meiVaQ7B3zvqWayn nQrofTfhIsgQGc1/Fc8Slm3k6o03a2M7OP2dIrV77QnLOAR7AKjvBXvJPPHOotqpgAYY yotnIWK9SA4jVQRM5HLZU8LNZ8wNsza0JQn0IR4C+snAh6jh/2nkzaG5NjELwKlruEQa leOg== DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=x-received:x-beenthere:x-received:x-received:received-spf :mime-version:in-reply-to:references:date:message-id:subject:from:to :x-original-sender:x-original-authentication-results:reply-to :precedence:mailing-list:list-id:x-google-group-id:list-post :list-help:list-archive:sender:list-subscribe:list-unsubscribe :content-type; bh=tt1tbS6CrAfD+fKc6XQ1/EYuTPO+tPO0lJ0J/B1WPfk=; b=toRjzXMGxORZzygGbHs+kBaUvO8GyPJEH41RKSHqu9t5TSKUnDNTnUoi0Zqd4hR91N 8oIR1B3oS/jLNkEbhx594GAAIlTXfDIdGVfLLeJYBJBSlIGaSY02WvlofWB2RgJKMLWH 2Jf2j+7uQKZ8lO2DKx86MErfj403GGRdDhllv5V9MgpwvqkfOSIeO90crg24cSMZWbFj jddi15nyCuhM7+4LexfrupxR0XOylDf32+u8lODOWmmsn9gUudj8U6PfPgOcvlJ0984Z hrzHgL0R1EXXfkILhpy+G5+hH6E11h32AohyljQmBp84OQjqnk0WXWK69dnSRRyKfqJY /kEQ== X-Received: by 10.49.35.77 with SMTP id f13mr9752181qej.4.1357431566561; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:26 -0800 (PST) X-BeenThere: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Received: by 10.49.127.48 with SMTP id nd16ls8594042qeb.17.gmail; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 10.58.246.37 with SMTP id xt5mr27254272vec.13.1357431565233; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) X-Received: by 10.58.246.37 with SMTP id xt5mr27254271vec.13.1357431565201; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) Received: from mail-vc0-f182.google.com (mail-vc0-f182.google.com [209.85.220.182]) by gmr-mx.google.com with ESMTPS id u2si9224839vdi.2.2013.01.05.16.19.25 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of eyeonus@gmail.com designates 209.85.220.182 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.85.220.182; Received: by mail-vc0-f182.google.com with SMTP id fy27so17900870vcb.41 for ; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) MIME-Version: 1.0 Received: by 10.220.219.145 with SMTP id hu17mr78706763vcb.52.1357431565019; Sat, 05 Jan 2013 16:19:25 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.220.196.89 with HTTP; Sat, 5 Jan 2013 16:19:24 -0800 (PST) In-Reply-To: References: <999A7608-07F2-4B88-BC4E-A14D56B28CF5@asb.gaggle.net> Date: Sat, 5 Jan 2013 17:19:24 -0700 Message-ID: Subject: Re: [lojban-beginners] Should/Ought From: Jonathan Jones To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com X-Original-Sender: eyeonus@gmail.com X-Original-Authentication-Results: gmr-mx.google.com; spf=pass (google.com: domain of eyeonus@gmail.com designates 209.85.220.182 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=eyeonus@gmail.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com Reply-To: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com Precedence: list Mailing-list: list lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com; contact lojban-beginners+owners@googlegroups.com List-ID: X-Google-Group-Id: 300742228892 List-Post: , List-Help: , List-Archive: Sender: lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com List-Subscribe: , List-Unsubscribe: , Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=14dae9cfce943d6aa304d293aa2d X-Spam-Score: -0.1 (/) X-Spam_score: -0.1 X-Spam_score_int: 0 X-Spam_bar: / Content-Length: 26676 --14dae9cfce943d6aa304d293aa2d Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 On Sat, Jan 5, 2013 at 4:51 PM, Annie wrote: > i've looked up what a predicate is, and, to me, it sounds like the > predicate is the selbri. > Yes. > therefore, how can there be such a thing as a predicate relation? isn't > that a selbri relation, which doesn't make sence? > Yes, a predicate relation is a selbri relation. In Lojban, everything is expressed as a relationship. For example, when you say {ta gerku}, you're saying "That's a dog", but to be completely literal, what you're saying is "The thing I'm pointing to over there (which is what {ta} means), has the relationship "something is a dog of species something". The selbri, or in English the predicate, is the thing which tells you what the relationship is, while the sumti, or in English the arguments, are the things that are a part of that relationship. Another example: {mi xabju lo zdani} "I live in a house." "The thing which is me and the thing which is a house have the relationship "something lives in something", with 'me' being the first something, and 'a house' being the second something." > > Sent from my iPod > > On Jan 3, 2013, at 11:39 PM, Jonathan Jones wrote: > > Basically, anything that has a place structure can be a selbri. "selbri", > by the way, is a lujvo formed from "se bridi". The definition of bridi is: > > x1 is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments x3 > > The x2 is the relation, which is where selbri comes from: sb1=b2 is the > relation of predicate relationship sb2=b1 among arguments sb3=b3 (Note: bN > is the place in the def. of bridi, sbN is the place in the def. of selbri). > > On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 10:11 PM, Luke Bergen wrote: > >> Correct. In fact, even simpler: tanru. >> >> ta tcebra gerku zdani => "That is a huge dog house" >> >> "tcebarda" is a lujvo, "gerku" and "zdani" are each gismu. But the whole >> thing "tcebarda gerku zdani" is the "selbri". >> >> On Fri, Jan 4, 2013 at 12:04 AM, Alex Rozenshteyn wrote: >> >>> In that case, though, it's not the word acting as the selbri but the >>> phrase. >>> >>> >>> On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 11:06 PM, Luke Bergen wrote: >>> >>>> And in fact, by using {me}, just about anything can be coerced into >>>> acting as a selbri. e.g. mi me li ci "I am the number 3" >>>> >>>> >>>> On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 11:03 PM, .arpis. wrote: >>>> >>>>> Annie, lujvo and gismu refer to properties of the words themselves, >>>>> while selbri refers to how the word is used in a sentence. Because in >>>>> lojban there is no hard divide (like there is in English) between, for >>>>> example, words which are verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, lujvo, >>>>> gismu, and even a few cmavo can be used as selbri. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 10:34 PM, Annie wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> i may not know what i'm talking about, but the best word would >>>>>> definately either be selbri or attitudinal. >>>>>> >>>>>> Sent from my iPod >>>>>> >>>>>> On Jan 2, 2013, at 2:45 PM, MorphemeAddict wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Wed, Jan 2, 2013 at 3:37 PM, Jonathan Jones wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> On Wed, Jan 2, 2013 at 1:09 PM, .arpis. >>>>>> > wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> ju'o so'i roi retsku .i ku'i ji'a sai mi krefu retsku di'e .i fanva >>>>>>>> zo'oi should fu ma to mu'i zoi gy. I should eat .gy. joi zoi gy. I should >>>>>>>> go to the gym .gy. to mabla me zo zoi javni toi toi >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> "I'm sure it's been asked many times before; even so, I ask it >>>>>>>> again: How does one translate "should" (e.g. "I should eat", "I should go >>>>>>>> to the gym" (Damned "zoi" rules))? >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> With gismu: >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> I'm a little unsure about the proper Lojban word for what I mean here >>>>>> (selbri?), but it seems to me that using "gismu" is overly specific. >>>>>> Similar for "attitudinal" when "cmavo" would apply. Those two categories >>>>>> cover all the bases (since names can't do the job). >>>>>> >>>>>> stevo >>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> mi bilga lonu citka >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> With attitudinal (although I wouldn't be surprised if there's >>>>>>> disagreement on this one): >>>>>>> >>>>>>> mi citka.ei >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>> mu'o mi'e .arpis. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to >>>>>>>> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> -- >>>>>>> mu'o mi'e .aionys. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o >>>>>>> (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) >>>>>>> >>>>>>> -- >>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to >>>>>>> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>>>> To post to this group, send email to >>>>>> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> *** This Email was sent by a student at School for the Blind. >>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>>>> To post to this group, send email to >>>>>> lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> mu'o mi'e .arpis. >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com >>>>> . >>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Alex R >>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. >>> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >>> For more options, visit this group at >>> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >>> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Lojban Beginners" group. >> To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. >> > > > > -- > mu'o mi'e .aionys. > > .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o > (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Lojban Beginners" group. > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > > > > > > > *** This Email was sent by a student at School for the Blind. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Lojban Beginners" group. > To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. > -- mu'o mi'e .aionys. .i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o (Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D ) -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Lojban Beginners" group. To post to this group, send email to lojban-beginners@googlegroups.com. To unsubscribe from this group, send email to lojban-beginners+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com. For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/lojban-beginners?hl=en. --14dae9cfce943d6aa304d293aa2d Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
On Sat, Jan 5, 2013 at 4:51 PM, Annie <park.annie@asb.gaggle.net> wrote:
i've looked up what a predicate is, and, to me, = it sounds like the predicate is the selbri.
Yes.
=A0
therefore, how can there be such a thing as a predic= ate relation? isn't that a selbri relation, which doesn't make senc= e?

Yes, a predicate relation is a selb= ri relation. In Lojban, everything is expressed as a relationship.

For example, when you say {ta gerku}, you're saying "That'= s a dog", but to be completely literal, what you're saying is &quo= t;The thing I'm pointing to over there (which is what {ta} means), has = the relationship "something is a dog of species something".

The selbri, or in English the predicate, is the thing which tells you w= hat the relationship is, while the sumti, or in English the arguments, are = the things that are a part of that relationship.

Another example:
{mi xabju lo zdani}
"I live in a house."
"The thin= g which is me and the thing which is a house have the relationship "so= mething lives in something", with 'me' being the first somethi= ng, and 'a house' being the second something."
=A0

Sent fro= m my iPod

On Jan 3, 2013, at 11:39 PM,= Jonathan Jones <= eyeonus@gmail.com> wrote:

Basically, anything that has a pla= ce structure can be a selbri. "selbri", by the way, is a lujvo fo= rmed from "se bridi". The definition of bridi is:

x1 is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments x3

The x2 is the relation, which is where selbri comes fro= m: sb1=3Db2 is the relation of predicate relationship sb2=3Db1 among argume= nts sb3=3Db3 (Note: bN is the place in the def. of bridi, sbN is the place = in the def. of selbri).

On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 10:11 PM, Luke B= ergen <lukeabergen@gmail.com> wrote:
Correct. =A0In fact, even simpler: tanru.

ta tcebra gerk= u zdani =A0=3D> =A0"That is a huge dog house"

"tcebarda" is a lujvo, "gerku" and "zdani= " are each gismu. =A0But the whole thing "tcebarda gerku zdani&qu= ot; is the "selbri".

On Fri, Jan 4, 2013 at 12:04 AM, Alex R= ozenshteyn <rpglover64@gmail.com> wrote:
In that case, though, it's not the word acting as the = selbri but the phrase.

On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 11:06 PM, Luke Bergen <= span dir=3D"ltr"><lukeabergen@gmail.com> wrote:
And in fact, by using {me}, just about anyth= ing can be coerced into acting as a selbri. =A0e.g. =A0mi me li ci =A0"= ;I am the number 3"


On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 11:03 PM, .a= rpis. <rpglover64+jbobau@gmail.com> wrote:
Annie, lujvo and gismu refe= r to properties of the words themselves, while selbri refers to how the wor= d is used in a sentence. Because in lojban there is no hard divide (like th= ere is in English) between, for example, words which are verbs, adjectives,= adverbs, and nouns, lujvo, gismu, and even a few cmavo can be used as selb= ri.


On Thu, Jan 3, 2013 at 10:34 PM, Annie <park.annie@asb.gaggle.n= et> wrote:
i may not know what i= 'm talking about, but the best word would definately either be selbri o= r attitudinal.

Sent from my iPod

On Jan 2, 2013, at 2:45 PM, M= orphemeAddict <ly= tlesw@gmail.com> wrote:



On Wed, Jan 2, 2013 at 3:37 PM, Jon= athan Jones <eyeonus@gmail.com> wrote:
On Wed, Jan 2, 2013 at 1:09 PM, .arpis. <rpglover64+jbobau@gmail.com> wrote:
ju'o so'i roi retsku .i ku'i ji'a sai= mi krefu retsku di'e .i fanva zo'oi should fu ma to mu'i zoi g= y. I should eat .gy. joi zoi gy. I should go to the gym .gy. to mabla me zo= zoi javni toi toi

"I'm sure it's been asked many times before; even so= , I ask it again: How does one translate "should" (e.g. "I s= hould eat", "I should go to the gym" (Damned "zoi"= rules))?

With gismu:
=

I'm a little unsure about the proper L= ojban word for what I mean here (selbri?), but it seems to me that using &q= uot;gismu" is overly specific. Similar for "attitudinal" whe= n "cmavo" would apply. Those two categories cover all the bases (= since names can't do the job).=A0

stevo

mi bilga lonu citka


With attitudinal (alt= hough I wouldn't be surprised if there's disagreement on this one):=

mi citka.ei
=A0
--
mu'o mi= 'e .arpis.

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--
mu'o mi'e .aionys.

.i.e'ucai = ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o
(Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. :D )
=

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*** This Emai= l was sent by a student at School for the Blind.

--
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--
mu'o mi= 'e .arpis.

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--
=A0=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Alex R

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--
= mu'o mi'e .aionys.

.i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa = bu .i doi.luk. mi patfu do zo'o
(Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am yo= ur father. :D )

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*** This Email was sent by a student at School for th= e Blind.

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--
mu'o mi= 'e .aionys.

.i.e'ucai ko cmima lo pilno be denpa bu .i doi.l= uk. mi patfu do zo'o
(Come to the Dot Side! Luke, I am your father. = :D )

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