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[bpfk] dag-cll git updates for Fri Jan 28 13:21:03 EST 2011
commit 2e14acdfcbdcda9914710bbbd31e683cdd811f85
Merge: a15c4a3 310b160
Author: Robin Lee Powell <rlpowell@digitalkingdom.org>
Date: Thu Jan 27 19:46:48 2011 -0800
Merge commit '310b1609760fad49ec4b0478528a5d5e7d28f983' into gh-pages
commit 310b1609760fad49ec4b0478528a5d5e7d28f983
Author: Eitan Postavsky <eitanp32@gmail.com>
Date: Sun Jan 2 14:59:38 2011 -0500
Chapter 5 section 14 and 15 <programlisting>s.
diff --git a/todocbook/5.xml b/todocbook/5.xml
index 13fd263..30b9d7f 100644
--- a/todocbook/5.xml
+++ b/todocbook/5.xml
@@ -2317,384 +2317,1428 @@
<varlistentry>
<term><jbophrase>zerle'a</jbophrase></term>
<listitem><para>crime-taker</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><jbophrase>nunte'a</jbophrase></term>
<listitem><para>event-of-fearing</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>elements-in-set + set</secondary></indexterm> The tertau represents a set, and the seltau the type of the elements contained in that set:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- zdani lijgri house row
- selci lamgri cell block
- karda mulgri card pack (Swe)
- rokci derxi stone heap (Swe)
- tadni girzu student group (Hun)
- remna girzu human-being group (Qab = group of people)
- cpumi'i lijgri tractor column (Qab)
- cevni jenmi god army (Skt)
- cevni prenu god folk (Skt)
-
- lijgri = line-group
- lamgri = adjacent-group
- mulgri = complete-group
- cpumi'i = pull-machine
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>zdani lijgri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>house row</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>selci lamgri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cell block</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>karda mulgri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>card pack</entry>
+ <entry>Swe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci derxi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone heap</entry>
+ <entry>Swe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tadni girzu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>student group</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>remna girzu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>human-being group</entry>
+ <entry>Qab = group of people</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cpumi'i lijgri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tractor column</entry>
+ <entry>Qab</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cevni jenmi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>god army</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cevni prenu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>god folk</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>lijgri</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>line-group</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>lamgri</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>adjacent-group</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>mulgri</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>complete-group</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>cpumi'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>pull-machine</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>set + element-of-set</secondary></indexterm> Conversely: the tertau is an element, and the seltau represents a set in which that element is contained. Implicitly, the meaning of the tertau is restricted from its usual general meaning to the specific meaning appropriate for elements in the given set. Note the opposition between
<jbophrase>zdani linji</jbophrase> in the previous group, and
<jbophrase>linji zdani</jbophrase> in this one, which shows why this kind of tanru is called
<quote>asymmetrical</quote>.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- carvi dirgo raindrop (Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba)
- linji zdani row house
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>carvi dirgo</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>raindrop</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>linji zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>row house</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object + component/detail</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies an object and the tertau a component or detail of that object; the tanru as a whole refers to the detail, specifying that it is a detail of that whole and not some other.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- junla dadysli clock pendulum (Hun)
- purdi vorme garden door (Qab)
- purdi bitmu garden wall (Que)
- moklu skapi mouth skin (Imb = lips)
- nazbi kevna nose hole (Imb = nostril)
- karce xislu automobile wheel (Chi)
- jipci pimlu chicken feather (Chi)
- vinji rebla airplane tail (Chi)
-
- dadysli = hang-oscillator
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>junla dadysli</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>clock pendulum</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>purdi vorme</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>garden door</entry>
+ <entry>Qab</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>purdi bitmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>garden wall</entry>
+ <entry>Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>moklu skapi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>mouth skin</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = lips</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nazbi kevna</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>nose hole</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = nostril</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>karce xislu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>automobile wheel</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jipci pimlu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>chicken feather</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>vinji rebla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>airplane tail</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>dadysli</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>hang-oscillator</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>characteristic/detail + object</secondary></indexterm> Conversely: the seltau specifies a characteristic or important detail of the object described by the tertau; objects described by the tanru as a whole are differentiated from other similar objects by this detail.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- pixra cukta picture book
- kerfa silka hair silk (Kar = velvet)
- plise tapla apple cake (Tur)
- dadysli junla pendulum clock (Hun)
-
- dadysli = hang-oscillator
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>pixra cukta</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>picture book</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kerfa silka</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>hair silk</entry>
+ <entry>Kar = velvet</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>plise tapla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>apple cake</entry>
+ <entry>Tur</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>dadysli junla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>pendulum clock</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>dadysli</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>hang-oscillator</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>general-class + sub-class</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a general class of object (a genus), and the seltau specifies a sub-class of that class (a species):</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- ckunu tricu pine tree (Hun,Tur,Hop)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ckunu tricu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>pine tree</entry>
+ <entry>Hun,Tur,Hop</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>possessor + object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object of possession, and the seltau may specify the possessor (the possession may be intrinsic or otherwise). In English, these compounds have an explicit possessive element in them:
<quote>lion's mane</quote>,
<quote>child's foot</quote>,
<quote>noble's cow</quote>.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- cinfo kerfa lion mane (Kor,Tur,Hun,Udm,Qab)
- verba jamfu child foot (Swe)
- nixli tuple girl leg (Swe)
- cinfo jamfu lion foot (Que)
- danlu skapi animal skin (Ewe)
- ralju zdani chief house (Ewe)
- jmive munje living world (Skt)
- nobli bakni noble cow (Skt)
- nolraitru ralju king chief (Skt = emperor)
-
- nolraitru = nobly-superlative-ruler
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cinfo kerfa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>lion mane</entry>
+ <entry>Kor,Tur,Hun,Udm,Qab</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>verba jamfu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>child foot</entry>
+ <entry>Swe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nixli tuple</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>girl leg</entry>
+ <entry>Swe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cinfo jamfu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>lion foot</entry>
+ <entry>Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>danlu skapi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>animal skin</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ralju zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>chief house</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jmive munje</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>living world</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nobli bakni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>noble cow</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nolraitru ralju</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>king chief</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = emperor</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>nolraitru</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>nobly-superlative-ruler</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>inhabitant + habitat</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a habitat, and the seltau specifies the inhabitant:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- lanzu tumla family land
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>lanzu tumla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>family land</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>effect + causative agent</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a causative agent, and the seltau specifies the effect of that cause:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- kalselvi'i gapci tear gas (Hun)
- terbi'a jurme disease germ (Tur)
- fenki litki crazy liquid (Hop = whisky)
- pinca litki urine liquid (Hop = beer)
-
- kalselvi'i = eye-excreted-thing
- terbi'a = disease
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kalselvi'i gapci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tear gas</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>terbi'a jurme</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>disease germ</entry>
+ <entry>Tur</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>fenki litki</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>crazy liquid</entry>
+ <entry>Hop = whisky</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>pinca litki</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>urine liquid</entry>
+ <entry>Hop = beer</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>kalselvi'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>eye-excreted-thing</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>terbi'a</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>disease</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>cause + effect</secondary></indexterm> Conversely: the tertau specifies an effect, and the seltau specifies its cause.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- djacu barna water mark (Chi)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>djacu barna</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>water mark</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>purpose-of-instrument + instrument</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an instrument, and the seltau specifies the purpose of that instrument:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- taxfu dadgreku garment rack (Chi)
- tergu'i ti'otci lamp shade (Chi)
- xirma zdani horse house (Chi = stall)
- nuzba tanbo news board (Chi = bulletin board)
-
-
- dadgreku = hang-frame
- tergu'i = source of illumination
- ti'otci = shadow-tool
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>taxfu dadgreku</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>garment rack</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tergu'i ti'otci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>lamp shade</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>xirma zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>horse house</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = stall</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nuzba tanbo</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>news board</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = bulletin board</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>dadgreku</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>hang-frame</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>tergu'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>source of illumination</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>ti'otci</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>shadow-tool</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object-of-purpose-of-instrument + instrument</secondary></indexterm> More vaguely: the tertau specifies an instrument, and the seltau specifies the object of the purpose for which that instrument is used:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- cpina rokci pepper stone (Que = stone for grinding pepper)
- jamfu djacu foot water (Skt = water for washing the feet)
- grana mudri post wood (Skt = wood for making a post)
- moklu djacu mouth water (Hun = water for washing the mouth)
- lanme gerku sheep dog (dog for working sheep)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cpina rokci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>pepper stone</entry>
+ <entry>Que = stone for grinding pepper</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jamfu djacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>foot water</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = water for washing the feet</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>grana mudri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>post wood</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = wood for making a post</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>moklu djacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>mouth water</entry>
+ <entry>Hun = water for washing the mouth</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>lanme gerku</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>sheep dog</entry>
+ <entry>dog for working sheep</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>source + product</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a product from some source, and the seltau specifies the source of the product:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- moklu djacu mouth water (Aba,Qab = saliva)
- ractu mapku rabbit hat (Rus)
- jipci sovda chicken egg (Chi)
- sikcurnu silka silkworm silk (Chi)
- mlatu kalci cat feces (Chi)
- bifce lakse bee wax (Chi = beeswax)
- cribe rectu bear meat (Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba)
- solxrula grasu sunflower oil (Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba)
- bifce jisra bee juice (Hop = honey)
- tatru litki breast liquid (Hop = milk)
- kanla djacu eye water (Kor = tear)
-
- sikcurnu = silk-worm
- solxrula = solar-flower
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>product + source</secondary></indexterm> Conversely: the tertau specifies the source of a product, and the seltau specifies the product:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- silna jinto salt well (Chi)
- kolme terkakpa coal mine (Chi)
- ctile jinto oil well (Chi)
-
- terkakpa = source of digging
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>source-material + object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object, and the seltau specifies the material from which the object is made. This case is especially interesting, because the referent of the tertau may normally be made from just one kind of material, which is then overridden in the tanru.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- rokci cinfo stone lion
- snime nanmu snow man (Hun)
- kliti cipni clay bird
- blaci kanla glass eye (Hun)
- blaci kanla glass eye (Que = spectacles)
- solji sicni gold coin (Tur)
- solji junla gold watch (Tur,Kor,Hun)
- solji djine gold ring (Udm,Aba,Que)
- rokci zdani stone house (Imb)
- mudri zdani wood house (Ewe = wooden house)
- rokci bitmu stone wall (Ewe)
- solji carce gold chariot (Skt)
- mudri xarci wood weapon (Skt = wooden weapon)
- cmaro'i dargu pebble road (Chi)
- sudysrasu cutci straw shoe (Chi)
-
- cmaro'i = small-rock
- sudysrasu = dry-grass
- </programlisting>
- <para>Note: the two senses of
- <jbophrase>blaci kanla</jbophrase> can be discriminated as:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- blaci kanla bo tarmi glass (eye shape) = glass eye
- blaci kanla bo sidju glass (eye helper) = spectacles
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object-measured + standard-object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a typical object used to measure a quantity and the seltau specifies something measured. The tanru as a whole refers to a given quantity of the thing being measured. English does not have compounds of this form, as a rule.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- tumla spisa land piece (Tur = piece of land)
- tcati kabri tea cup (Kor,Aba = cup of tea)
- nanba spisa bread piece (Kor = piece of bread)
- bukpu spisa cloth piece (Udm,Aba = piece of cloth)
- djacu calkyguzme water calabash (Ewe = calabash of water)
-
- calkyguzme = shell-fruit, calabash
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>overriding-property + object-with-implicit-properties</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object with certain implicit properties, and the seltau overrides one of those implicit properties:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- kensa bloti spaceship
- bakni verba cattle child (Ewe = calf)
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>whole + part</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies a whole, and the tertau specifies a part which normally is associated with a different whole. The tanru then refers to a part of the seltau which stands in the same relationship to the whole seltau as the tertau stands to its typical whole.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- kosta degji coat finger (Hun = coat sleeve)
- denci genja tooth root (Imb)
- tricu stedu tree head (Imb = treetop)
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>product + producer</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies the producer of a certain product, and the seltau specifies the product. In this way, the tanru as a whole distinguishes its referents from other referents of the tertau which do not produce the product.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- silka curnu silkworm (Tur,Hun,Aba)
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object-giving-characteristic + other-object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object, and the seltau specifies another object which has a characteristic property. The tanru as a whole refers to those referents of the tertau which possess the property.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- sonci manti soldier ant
- ninmu bakni woman cattle (Imb = cow)
- mamta degji mother finger (Imb = thumb)
- cifnu degji baby finger (Imb = pinky)
- pacraistu zdani hell house (Skt)
- fagri dapma fire curse (Skt = curse destructive as fire)
-
- pacraistu = evil-superlative-site
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>similar-appearance-object + object</secondary></indexterm> As a particular case (when the property is that of resemblance): the seltau specifies an object which the referent of the tanru resembles.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- grutrceraso jbama cherry bomb
- solji kerfa gold hair (Hun = golden hair)
- kanla djacu eye water (Kar = spring)
- bakni rokci bull stone (Mon = boulder)
-
- grutrceraso = fu'ivla for
- <quote>cherry</quote> based on Linnean name
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>typical-place + object</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies a place, and the tertau an object characteristically located in or at that place.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- ckana boxfo bed sheet (Chi)
- mrostu mojysu'a tomb monument (Chi = tombstone)
- jubme tergusni table lamp (Chi)
- foldi smacu field mouse (Chi)
- briju ci'ajbu office desk (Chi)
- rirxe xirma river horse (Chi = hippopotamus)
- xamsi gerku sea dog (Chi = seal)
- cagyce'u zdani village house (Skt)
-
- mrostu = dead-site
- mojysu'a = remember-structure
- ci'ajbu = write-table
- cagyce'u = farm-community
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object + place-sold</secondary></indexterm> Specifically: the tertau is a place where the seltau is sold or made available to the public.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- cidja barja food bar (Chi = restaurant)
- cukta barja book bar (Chi = library)
- </programlisting>
- <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>locus-of-application + object</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies the locus of application of the tertau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- kanla velmikce eye medicine (Chi)
- jgalu grasu nail oil (Chi = nail polish)
- denci pesxu tooth paste (Chi)
-
- velmikce = treatment used by doctor
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>moklu djacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>mouth water</entry>
+ <entry>Aba,Qab = saliva</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ractu mapku</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>rabbit hat</entry>
+ <entry>Rus</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jipci sovda</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>chicken egg</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>sikcurnu silka</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>silkworm silk</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mlatu kalci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cat feces</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bifce lakse</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bee wax</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = beeswax</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cribe rectu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bear meat</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solxrula grasu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>sunflower oil</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bifce jisra</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bee juice</entry>
+ <entry>Hop = honey</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tatru litki</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>breast liquid</entry>
+ <entry>Hop = milk</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kanla djacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>eye water</entry>
+ <entry>Kor = tear</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>sikcurnu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>silk-worm</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>solxrula</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>solar-flower</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>product + source</secondary></indexterm> Conversely: the tertau specifies the source of a product, and the seltau specifies the product:</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>silna jinto</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>salt well</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kolme terkakpa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>coal mine</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ctile jinto</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>oil well</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>terkakpa</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>source of digging</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>source-material + object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object, and the seltau specifies the material from which the object is made. This case is especially interesting, because the referent of the tertau may normally be made from just one kind of material, which is then overridden in the tanru.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci cinfo</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone lion</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>snime nanmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>snow man</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kliti cipni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>clay bird</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>blaci kanla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>glass eye</entry>
+ <entry>Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>blaci kanla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>glass eye</entry>
+ <entry>Que = spectacles</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji sicni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold coin</entry>
+ <entry>Tur</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji junla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold watch</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji djine</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold ring</entry>
+ <entry>Udm,Aba,Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone house</entry>
+ <entry>Imb</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mudri zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>wood house</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe = wooden house</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci bitmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone wall</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji carce</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold chariot</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mudri xarci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>wood weapon</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = wooden weapon</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cmaro'i dargu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>pebble road</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>sudysrasu cutci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>straw shoe</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>cmaro'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>small-rock</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>sudysrasu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>dry-grass</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para>Note: the two senses of
+ <jbophrase>blaci kanla</jbophrase> can be discriminated as:</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>blaci kanla bo tarmi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>glass (eye shape)</entry>
+ <entry>glass eye</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>blaci kanla bo sidju</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>glass (eye helper)</entry>
+ <entry>spectacles</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object-measured + standard-object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a typical object used to measure a quantity and the seltau specifies something measured. The tanru as a whole refers to a given quantity of the thing being measured. English does not have compounds of this form, as a rule.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tumla spisa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>land piece</entry>
+ <entry>Tur = piece of land</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tcati kabri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tea cup</entry>
+ <entry>Kor,Aba = cup of tea</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nanba spisa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bread piece</entry>
+ <entry>Kor = piece of bread</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bukpu spisa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cloth piece</entry>
+ <entry>Udm,Aba = piece of cloth</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>djacu calkyguzme</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>water calabash</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe = calabash of water</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>calkyguzme</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>shell-fruit, calabash</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>overriding-property + object-with-implicit-properties</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object with certain implicit properties, and the seltau overrides one of those implicit properties:</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kensa bloti</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>spaceship</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bakni verba</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cattle child</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe = calf</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>whole + part</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies a whole, and the tertau specifies a part which normally is associated with a different whole. The tanru then refers to a part of the seltau which stands in the same relationship to the whole seltau as the tertau stands to its typical whole.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kosta degji</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>coat finger</entry>
+ <entry>Hun = coat sleeve</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>denci genja</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tooth root</entry>
+ <entry>Imb</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tricu stedu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tree head</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = treetop</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>product + producer</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies the producer of a certain product, and the seltau specifies the product. In this way, the tanru as a whole distinguishes its referents from other referents of the tertau which do not produce the product.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>silka curnu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>silkworm</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Hun,Aba</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object-giving-characteristic + other-object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an object, and the seltau specifies another object which has a characteristic property. The tanru as a whole refers to those referents of the tertau which possess the property.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>sonci manti</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>soldier ant</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ninmu bakni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>woman cattle</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = cow</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mamta degji</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>mother finger</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = thumb</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cifnu degji</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>baby finger</entry>
+ <entry>Imb = pinky</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>pacraistu zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>hell house</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>fagri dapma</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>fire curse</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = curse destructive as fire</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>pacraistu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>evil-superlative-site</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>similar-appearance-object + object</secondary></indexterm> As a particular case (when the property is that of resemblance): the seltau specifies an object which the referent of the tanru resembles.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>grutrceraso jbama</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cherry bomb</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji kerfa</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold hair</entry>
+ <entry>Hun = golden hair</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kanla djacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>eye water</entry>
+ <entry>Kar = spring</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bakni rokci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bull stone</entry>
+ <entry>Mon = boulder</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>grutrceraso</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>fu'ivla for <quote>cherry</quote> based on Linnean name</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>typical-place + object</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies a place, and the tertau an object characteristically located in or at that place.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ckana boxfo</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bed sheet</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mrostu mojysu'a</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tomb monument</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = tombstone</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jubme tergusni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>table lamp</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>foldi smacu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>field mouse</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>briju ci'ajbu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>office desk</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rirxe xirma</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>river horse</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = hippopotamus</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>xamsi gerku</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>sea dog</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = seal</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cagyce'u zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>village house</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>mrostu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>dead-site</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>mojysu'a</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>remember-structure</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>ci'ajbu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>write-table</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>cagyce'u</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>farm-community</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object + place-sold</secondary></indexterm> Specifically: the tertau is a place where the seltau is sold or made available to the public.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cidja barja</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>food bar</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = restaurant</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cukta barja</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>book bar</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = library</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>locus-of-application + object</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies the locus of application of the tertau.</para>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kanla velmikce</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>eye medicine</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jgalu grasu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>nail oil</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = nail polish</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>denci pesxu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tooth paste</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>velmikce</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>treatment used by doctor</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>activity + implement-used</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies an implement used in the activity denoted by the seltau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- me la pinpan. bolci Ping-Pong ball (Chi)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>me la pinpan. bolci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>Ping-Pong ball</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>undesired-object + protection-object</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a protective device against the undesirable features of the referent of the seltau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- carvi mapku rain cap (Chi)
- carvi taxfu rain garment (Chi = raincoat)
- vindu firgai poison mask (Chi = gas mask)
-
- firgai = face-cover
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>carvi mapku</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>rain cap</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>carvi taxfu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>rain garment</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = raincoat</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>vindu firgai</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>poison mask</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = gas mask</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>firgai</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>face-cover</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>object + usual-container</secondary></indexterm> The tertau specifies a container characteristically used to hold the referent of the seltau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- cukta vasru book vessel (Chi = satchel)
- vanju kabri wine cup (Chi)
- spatrkoka lanka coca basket (Que)
- rismi dakli rice bag (Ewe,Chi)
- tcati kabri tea cup (Chi)
- ladru botpi milk bottle (Chi)
- rismi patxu rice pot (Chi)
- festi lante trash can (Chi)
- bifce zdani bee house (Kor = beehive)
- cladakyxa'i zdani sword house (Kor = sheath)
- manti zdani ant nest (Gua = anthill)
-
- spatrkoka = fu'ivla for
- <quote>coca</quote>
- cladakyxa'i = (long-knife)-weapon
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cukta vasru</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>book vessel</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = satchel</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>vanju kabri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>wine cup</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>spatrkoka lanka</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>coca basket</entry>
+ <entry>Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rismi dakli</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>rice bag</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe,Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tcati kabri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>tea cup</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ladru botpi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>milk bottle</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rismi patxu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>rice pot</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>festi lante</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>trash can</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bifce zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>bee house</entry>
+ <entry>Kor = beehive</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cladakyxa'i zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>sword house</entry>
+ <entry>Kor = sheath</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>manti zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>ant nest</entry>
+ <entry>Gua = anthill</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>spatrkoka</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>fu'ivla for <quote>coca</quote></para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>cladakyxa'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>(long-knife)-weapon</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>characteristic-time + event</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies the characteristic time of the event specified by the tertau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- vensa djedi spring day (Chi)
- crisa citsi summer season (Chi)
- cerni bumru morning fog (Chi)
- critu lunra autumn moon (Chi)
- dunra nicte winter night (Chi)
- nicte ckule night school (Chi)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>vensa djedi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>spring day</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>crisa citsi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>summer season</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cerni bumru</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>morning fog</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>critu lunra</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>autumn moon</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>dunra nicte</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>winter night</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nicte ckule</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>night school</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>energy-source + powered</secondary></indexterm> The seltau specifies a source of energy for the referent of the tertau.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- dikca tergusni electric lamp (Chi)
- ratni nejni atom energy (Chi)
- brife molki windmill (Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba)
-
- tergusni = illumination-source
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>dikca tergusni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>electric lamp</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ratni nejni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>atom energy</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>brife molki</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>windmill</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun,Udm,Aba</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>tergusni</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>illumination-source</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>asymmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>miscellaneous</secondary></indexterm> Finally, some tanru which don't fall into any of the above categories.</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- ladru denci milk tooth (Tur,Hun,Udm,Qab)
- kanla denci eye tooth
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>ladru denci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>milk tooth</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Hun,Udm,Qab</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kanla denci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>eye tooth</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para>It is clear that
<quote>tooth</quote> is being specified, and that
<quote>milk</quote> and
<quote>eye</quote> act as modifiers. However, the relationship between
<jbophrase>ladru</jbophrase> and
<jbophrase>denci</jbophrase> is something like
<quote>tooth which one has when one is drinking milk from one's mother</quote>, a relationship certainly present nowhere except in this particular concept. As for
<jbophrase>kanla denci</jbophrase>, the relationship is not only not present on the surface, it is hardly possible to formulate it at all.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="section-symmetric-tanru">
<title>Some types of symmetrical tanru</title>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>symmetrical tanru</primary></indexterm> This section deals with symmetrical tanru, where order is not important. Many of these tanru can be expressed with a logical or non-logical connective between the components.</para>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>symmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>both separately true</secondary></indexterm> The tanru may refer to things which are correctly specified by both tanru components. Some of these instances may also be seen as asymmetrical tanru where the seltau specifies a material. The connective
<jbophrase>je</jbophrase> is appropriate:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- cipnrstrigi pacru'i owl demon (Skt)
- nolraitru prije royal sage (Skt)
- remna nakni human-being male (Qab = man)
- remna fetsi human-being female (Qab = woman)
- sonci tolvri soldier coward (Que)
- panzi nanmu offspring man (Ewe = son)
- panzi ninmu offspring woman (Ewe = daughter)
- solji sicni gold coin (Tur)
- solji junla gold watch (Tur,Kor,Hun)
- solji djine gold ring (Udm,Aba,Que)
- rokci zdani stone house (Imb)
- mudri zdani wooden house (Ewe)
- rokci bitmu stone wall (Ewe)
- solji carce gold chariot (Skt)
- mudri xarci wooden weapon (Skt)
- zdani tcadu home town (Chi)
-
- cipnrstrigi = fu'ivla for
- <quote>owl</quote> based on Linnean name
- pacru'i = evil-spirit
- tolvri = opposite-of-brave
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>cipnrstrigi pacru'i</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>owl demon</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nolraitru prije</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>royal sage</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>remna nakni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>human-being male</entry>
+ <entry>Qab = man</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>remna fetsi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>human-being female</entry>
+ <entry>Qab = woman</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>sonci tolvri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>soldier coward</entry>
+ <entry>Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>panzi nanmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>offspring man</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe = son</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>panzi ninmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>offspring woman</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe = daughter</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji sicni</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold coin</entry>
+ <entry>Tur</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji junla</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold watch</entry>
+ <entry>Tur,Kor,Hun</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji djine</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold ring</entry>
+ <entry>Udm,Aba,Que</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone house</entry>
+ <entry>Imb</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mudri zdani</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>wooden house</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>rokci bitmu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>stone wall</entry>
+ <entry>Ewe</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>solji carce</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>gold chariot</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>mudri xarci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>wooden weapon</entry>
+ <entry>Skt</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>zdani tcadu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>home town</entry>
+ <entry>Chi</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>cipnrstrigi</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>fu'ivla for <quote>owl</quote> based on Linnean name</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>pacru'i</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>evil-spirit</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>tolvri</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>opposite-of-brave</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>symmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>one or other true</secondary></indexterm> The tanru may refer to all things which are specified by either of the tanru components. The connective
<jbophrase>ja</jbophrase> is appropriate:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- nunji'a nunterji'a victory defeat (Skt = victory or defeat)
- donri nicte day night (Skt = day and night)
- lunra tarci moon stars (Skt = moon and stars)
- patfu mamta father mother (Imb,Kaz,Chi = parents)
-
- tuple birka leg arm (Kaz = extremity)
- nuncti nunpinxe eating drinking (Udm = cuisine)
- bersa tixnu son daughter (Chi = children)
-
- nunji'a = event-of-winning
- nunterji'a = event-of-losing
- nuncti = event-of-eating
- nunpinxe = event-of-drinking
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nunji'a nunterji'a</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>victory defeat</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = victory or defeat</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>donri nicte</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>day night</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = day and night</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>lunra tarci</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>moon stars</entry>
+ <entry>Skt = moon and stars</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>patfu mamta</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>father mother</entry>
+ <entry>Imb,Kaz,Chi = parents</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tuple birka</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>leg arm</entry>
+ <entry>Kaz = extremity</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>nuncti nunpinxe</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>eating drinking</entry>
+ <entry>Udm = cuisine</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>bersa tixnu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>son daughter</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = children</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>nunji'a</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>event-of-winning</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>nunterji'a</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>event-of-losing</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>nuncti</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>event-of-eating</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>nunpinxe</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>event-of-drinking</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>symmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>using more inclusive class</secondary></indexterm> Alternatively, the tanru may refer to things which are specified by either of the tanru components or by some more inclusive class of things which the components typify:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- curnu jalra worm beetle (Mon = insect)
-
- jalra curnu beetle worm (Mon = insect)
-
- kabri palta cup plate (Kaz = crockery)
- jipci gunse hen goose (Qab = housefowl)
- xrula tricu flower tree (Chi = vegetation)
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>curnu jalra</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>worm beetle</entry>
+ <entry>Mon = insect</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jalra curnu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>beetle worm</entry>
+ <entry>Mon = insect</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>kabri palta</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>cup plate</entry>
+ <entry>Kaz = crockery</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>jipci gunse</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>hen goose</entry>
+ <entry>Qab = housefowl</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>xrula tricu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>flower tree</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = vegetation</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>symmetrical tanru types</primary><secondary>using crucial/typical parts</secondary></indexterm> The tanru components specify crucial or typical parts of the referent of the tanru as a whole:</para>
- <programlisting xml:space="preserve">
- tumla vacri land air (Fin = world)
- moklu stedu mouth head (Aba = face)
- sudysrasu cunmi hay millet (Qab = agriculture)
- gugde ciste state system (Mon = politics)
- prenu so'imei people multitude (Mon = masses)
- djacu dertu water earth (Chi = climate)
-
- sudysrasu = dry-grass
- so'imei = manysome
-
- </programlisting>
+ <informaltable>
+ <tgroup cols="3">
+ <colspec colnum="1" colname="col1"/>
+ <colspec colnum="2" colname="col2"/>
+ <colspec colnum="3" colname="col3"/>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>tumla vacri</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>land air</entry>
+ <entry>Fin = world</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>moklu stedu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>mouth head</entry>
+ <entry>Aba = face</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>sudysrasu cunmi</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>hay millet</entry>
+ <entry>Qab = agriculture</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>gugde ciste</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>state system</entry>
+ <entry>Mon = politics</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>prenu so'imei</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>people multitude</entry>
+ <entry>Mon = masses</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><jbophrase>djacu dertu</jbophrase></entry>
+ <entry>water earth</entry>
+ <entry>Chi = climate</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </informaltable>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>sudysrasu</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>dry-grass</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><jbophrase>so'imei</jbophrase></term>
+ <listitem><para>manysome</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
</section>
<section xml:id="section-pretty-school-groupings">
<title>
<quote>Pretty little girls' school</quote>: forty ways to say it</title>
<para> <indexterm type="general-imported"><primary>pretty little girls' school</primary><secondary>forty ways</secondary></indexterm> The following examples show every possible grouping arrangement of
<jbophrase>melbi cmalu nixli ckule</jbophrase> using
<jbophrase>bo</jbophrase> or
<jbophrase>ke ... ke'e</jbophrase> for grouping and
<jbophrase>je</jbophrase> or
<jbophrase glossary="false">jebo</jbophrase> for logical connection. Most of these are definitely not plausible interpretations of the English phrase
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