In a message dated 2/8/2002 6:47:20 AM Central Standard Time, araizen@newmail.net writes:> > It is a metalinguistic comment on the main bridi, and in this case Butmthat was not what you gave as an explication (and I am not sure that it IS what these expressions mean either). <> What you want is > for {sei pacna} to be an epistemic particle: "my evidence for the claim {ko'a > klama} is my hope that it be true" (forcing {ko'a klama} into retro future > tense, I suppose). I'm not sure what 'retro future tense' is, but the 'ko'a klama' in our sentence could be in any tense> English "will have -N" -- a time before some future time. The {ko'a klama} can't be in just any tense, since hoping requires that the object of the hope not yet be established one way or the other. The event may be in any temporal relation to utterance, but, since its occurrence is not yet known, it is safest to use the indeterminate form. <> That does seem plausible, maybe the most plausible > reading for the {ko'a klama i mi pacna la'e di'u} version -- with appropriate > play-down of the second part, though the epistemic ground is always a > (usually minor) potential point of contention. Is an epistemic particle the same as an evidential, like 'ti'e', 'ka'u', etc.? I think that the evidentials could be treated in the same way, and I can see how I could think of 'possibly' as an evidential, so I'll accept that.> Yes, but I am not sure that "possibly" can be taken as an evidential, except in a rather extended sense ("I can tell it is not contradictory" or some such). It would still be a part of the {i} conjoined forms in logical reading. <. 'sei cumki' would be useless, > > since the sentence claims the main bridi, and anything true is also > > possible. But, of course, if the main bridi is false, it may still be possible -- and that is the usual place for "possibly" anyhow. So the {i} reading makes a lot of sense. <> Likewise, I feel strongly that {da'i} ought not alter truth conditions; > it should indicate that the speaker is not claiming the proposition > within its scope to be true. When 'da'i's scope is the main bridi, then it would be altering truth conditions, since the normal assuption is that the main bridi is true. I stuck to 'da'i' and 'po'o' because they are 'pure' UI, but there's also the obvious case of 'je'unai', which clearly doesn't claim the bridi it is attached to and is every bit as metalinguistic as 'li'a', 'sa'e', etc.> Is there a confusion here about truth conditions and truth? The truth conditions for a sentence with {da'i} in it remain the same, but it is no longer claimed that they hold; rather {da'i} indicates that they are being used to define an alternate world. I am not sure that {li'a} and {sa'e} should be called metalinguistic, though I suppose the case can be made -- complete with the minor arguments about whther it really is clear or precise. Has anybody figure out a way to use {je'unai} (or even {je'u} -- now there is a useless metalinguistic form, surely) meaningfully -- aside from their value as 1 -place logical connectives for tautology and contradiction? |