From Ti@fa-kuan.muc.de Fri Nov 02 10:58:48 2001 Return-Path: X-Sender: Ti@fa-kuan.muc.de X-Apparently-To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Received: (EGP: mail-8_0_0_1); 2 Nov 2001 18:58:48 -0000 Received: (qmail 24621 invoked from network); 2 Nov 2001 18:58:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (216.115.97.172) by m3.grp.snv.yahoo.com with QMQP; 2 Nov 2001 18:58:43 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO n32.groups.yahoo.com) (216.115.96.82) by mta2.grp.snv.yahoo.com with SMTP; 2 Nov 2001 18:58:43 -0000 X-eGroups-Return: Ti@fa-kuan.muc.de Received: from [10.1.4.77] by n32.groups.yahoo.com with NNFMP; 02 Nov 2001 18:58:43 -0000 Date: Fri, 02 Nov 2001 18:58:40 -0000 To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: hardly Message-ID: <9ruqd0+pttp@eGroups.com> In-Reply-To: User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Length: 1523 X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster X-Originating-IP: 149.225.4.16 From: "A.W.T." X-Yahoo-Profile: aolung --- In lojban@y..., "Jorge Llambias" wrote: > > la aulun cusku di'e > > >I'd like to express "hardly/scarcely in Lojban. > > I have been using {ja'aru'e} for this, and {naru'e} for "almost". I never could much appreciate the need/help of {ru'e}, as an attitudinal-emotional, in compounds with a bridi affirmer or negation. > >Thought of something around PAPA: > >the opposite of {piso'a} - in English given as "almost the whole of" - is > >{piso'u} - "a tiny part of" > > In what context do you want to use this? I don't see how a > quantifier helps as an adverb. The context I have been pondering on "hardly" was the following little poem (our chancellor on his visit to China was confronted with when a student of Bei Da quoted it in German): .i smaji ga'u ro cmana .i ne'i ro ricycpana caku seltirna fa ji'ino nunva'u .i lei ricyne'i cmacipni puzaku de'a grisa'a .i doido'u ko denpa le li'i ji'a do bazi sipna .i ba'a (Maybe I'll add some other versions in Chinese and English soon.) I tried to use {ji'ino} here (although referring to {no}, it doesn't seem to be "almost nothing" rather than something like +/- zero i.e. also covering negative values which isn't appropriate for normal speech). Will still have to think about it. Quantifiers can go with sumti (I hardly can see a house/I can see almost no house. I can hardly see/I can see next to nothing); but what's with selbri? (I could hardly sleep -> I had almost no sleep; this trick isn't always at hand). mu'omi'e .aulun.