From jjllambias@hotmail.com Wed Mar 06 11:27:49 2002 Return-Path: X-Sender: jjllambias@hotmail.com X-Apparently-To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Received: (EGP: unknown); 6 Mar 2002 19:27:48 -0000 Received: (qmail 53461 invoked from network); 6 Mar 2002 19:27:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (216.115.97.171) by m10.grp.snv.yahoo.com with QMQP; 6 Mar 2002 19:27:47 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO hotmail.com) (216.33.241.234) by mta3.grp.snv.yahoo.com with SMTP; 6 Mar 2002 19:27:47 -0000 Received: from mail pickup service by hotmail.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC; Wed, 6 Mar 2002 11:27:47 -0800 Received: from 200.49.74.2 by lw8fd.law8.hotmail.msn.com with HTTP; Wed, 06 Mar 2002 19:27:47 GMT To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Bcc: Subject: Re: [lojban] Re: [jboske] Quantifiers, Existential Import Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2002 19:27:47 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed Message-ID: X-OriginalArrivalTime: 06 Mar 2002 19:27:47.0768 (UTC) FILETIME=[FF796B80:01C1C544] From: "Jorge Llambias" X-Originating-IP: [200.49.74.2] X-Yahoo-Group-Post: member; u=6071566 X-Yahoo-Profile: jjllambias2000 la djan cusku di'e >In this mapping, S and P stand for sets when on the right side of a colon. >I will write SP for S intersect P, /= for inequality, and 0 for the null >set. > >All S is P (A): SP = S >Some S is P (I): SP /= 0 >No S is P (E): SP = 0 >Some S is not P (O): SP /= S > >Then existential import is simply the assertion that S /= 0, and we can >understand I- as asserting that S, which may be null, has a non-null >intersection with P. But plainly no set P can have a non-null intersection >with 0, and so from SP /= 0 we can deduce that S /= 0. Therefore I- >is false if S = 0, and to assert anything useful we need I+. The same reasoning applies to O-: Plainly no set P can have an intersection with 0 that is different from 0, so we can deduce that S /= 0 and to assert anything useful we need O+. (I don't buy this argument, it is possible to give information both with I- and with O-, it is just that this presentation with sets already requires I+ and O+, and the same happens in Lojban when {su'o} is defined as "at least one".) mu'o mi'e xorxes _________________________________________________________________ Join the world’s largest e-mail service with MSN Hotmail. http://www.hotmail.com