From a.rosta@ntlworld.com Mon Aug 13 10:16:12 2001 Return-Path: X-Sender: a.rosta@ntlworld.com X-Apparently-To: lojban@yahoogroups.com Received: (EGP: mail-7_3_1); 13 Aug 2001 17:16:12 -0000 Received: (qmail 74083 invoked from network); 13 Aug 2001 17:15:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (10.1.10.26) by m8.onelist.org with QMQP; 13 Aug 2001 17:15:05 -0000 Received: from unknown (HELO mta03-svc.ntlworld.com) (62.253.162.43) by mta1 with SMTP; 13 Aug 2001 17:15:05 -0000 Received: from andrew ([62.253.88.12]) by mta03-svc.ntlworld.com (InterMail vM.4.01.03.00 201-229-121) with SMTP id <20010813171502.PBH23687.mta03-svc.ntlworld.com@andrew> for ; Mon, 13 Aug 2001 18:15:02 +0100 To: Subject: RE: [lojban] ka + makau (was: ce'u (was: vliju'a Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 18:13:50 +0100 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 In-Reply-To: From: "And Rosta" Jorge: > la and cusku di'e > > > > le nu le xokau prenu cu zvati cu spaji mi > > > That the (however many) people are here surprises me. > > > > > > That indeed means something like "However many people there are > > > here, their being here surprises me". > > > >There doesn't have to be reference to anyone it particular. "they" > >can have a nonspecific (bound variable) antecdent. > > I think I didn't explain well. Consider a specific case. What > "their being here surprises me" can mean is: > > vo da poi prenu zo'u le nu da zvati cu spaji mi > There are four x such that x being here surprises me. > > But my sentence can't mean that. It could mean: > > le nu vo da poi prenu zo'u da zvati cu spaji mi > That there are four x here surprises me. Agreed. > The quantification is inside the surprise. Your version requires > that it be outside. Not necessarily. It could be that it doesn't surprise me that A is here or that B is here, but it does surprise me that A *and* B are here. Here is one way to do "However many there are, it surprises me that they all are here": (??da po'u ma kau??) zo'u le nu mi djuno tu'o du'u mo'e (??da??) prenu cu zvati cu spaji mi I'm not sure about {da po'u ma kau}, but the important bit is the ma kau is in the main bridi, while the quantification of prenu is in the inner bridi. Note that I'm basically agreeing with you on Q-kau. > >So I don't think > >you have adequately distinguished "It surprises me how many there > >are here" and "However many there are, it surprises me that they're > >here". > > One has the quantifier inside le spaji, the other outside. As we see, it's more complicated than this, but I do accept that you have shown how to adequately distinguish them. > >Cf. "However many flies are in this room, it surprises me > >that they're here" -- I'm not referring to any particular flies, > >just to any flies that are here. > > That would go into Lojban as something like: > > xokau da poi sfani zo'u le nu da zvati cu spaji mi > > Different from: > > le nu xokau sfani cu zvati cu spaji mi or ma kau goi ko'a zo'u le nu mi djuno tu'o du'u mo'e ko'a sfani cu zvati cu spaji mi --And.