RE: [jboske] Digest Number 135

["And Rosta" <a.rosta@lycos.co.uk>]

xod:
> The terms "transparent", "opaque", "de re", "de dicto", "embedded
> proposition", and "casting call" are unknown to me and only confusing me
> more. Embedded Proposition, I assume, means abstraction bridi (which we
> should probably be using a lujvo for already; how about faubri?)

Yes.

Intensional predicates are ones that can give an intensional reading.

As a first approximation:

intensional reading = opaque reading = de dicto reading
extensional reading = transparent reading = de re reading

Two sorts of test for distinguishing these readings:

A. Quantifier raising: 

John believes that every republican is mad.
=> Every republican is believed by John to be mad.

John believes that someone assassinated Marilyn Monroe.
=> There is someone that John believes assassinated M.M.

We need a gadri that solves our problem.
=> There is a gadri that solves our problem and we need it.

The first sentence on the extensional/transparent/de re reading
is equivalent to the version with the quantifier raised.

B. Substitutability

John believes that every republican is mad.
Jane is a republican.
=> John believes that Jane is mad.

Lex Luther believes Superman is a threat to him.
Superman is Clark Kent.
=> Lex believes Clark Kent is a threat to him.

This is a picture of Superman.
Superman is Clark Kent.
=> This is a picture of Clark Kent.

If the first sentence is given an extensional/transparent/de re 
reading then the conclusion is valid.

--And.