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Re: [lojban-beginners] how do you use sumka'i to refer to an outer bridi?



ki'e .ilmen.
 
pamo'o
I have read through the Lojban Reference Grammer, but I haven't heard of this CLL you reference.  In fact it appears to be the most frequently and authoritatively quoted reference on Lojban in these posts.  Could you point me to it please?
 
remo'o
I'm new to here so I'm just now noticing a few things I intend to clean up - and I'll start in this post.  (specifically:  using { }, and the more gramatically correct use of {.} in lo mi cmene when signing off)
 
cimo'o
{vo'a} and friends refer only to the main bridi - je'e .ua
 
{ri/ra/ru} skip over some sumka'i (I think its just the personal sumka'i {mi/do/mi'o/do'o} and others of their ilk.  However, I infer from your reply that they may refer to sumti outside the sub-bridi.  I think got that mixed up with the rule where sumka'i could not refer to sumti outside a quote.  - lo nabmi cu mulno
 
{no'a} .uasai When you mentioned it, I seemed to have a vague recollection, but I think I glossed over that one in the Referenece Guide because it totally had not occured to me tha you could pair it up with a gadri and conversion cmavo!  I suppose you could do that with any brika'i right?  As in {lo se broda} would be the x2 sumti of whatever bridi had been assigned to {broda}?  That's mighty helpful indeed. 
 
pevyselmacysanso
 
mi'e .neit. mu'o
 
On Wednesday, April 23, 2014 7:07:11 AM UTC-4, Ilmen wrote:
On 22/04/2014 18:12, neit wrote:
coi rodo
 
A good example that I'm trying to wrap my brain around is the following:  Suppose I want to say, "Who wants my dog?"  bau la lojban - .i ma djica lo nu ____ ponse lo mi gerku
 
I want a sumka'i in the ____ to refer to the "ma" in the main bridi.  How can I do that?  Can I use the reflexive sumka'i vo'a?  (.i ma djica lo nu vo'a ponse lo mi gerku)?  Or do those reflexive sumka'i only refer to their native bridi, or can they "reach-out" and refer to the main bridi of which they are a part?
 
ki'e pu'o sidju
 
mi'e neit mu'o

{vo'a} always refers back to the first sumti of the main (= outmost) bridi of the sentence. Therefore, {vo'a} is perfecty fine in this sentence:

{ma djica lo nu vo'a ponse lo mi gerku}

In this very case, {ri} probably works too, but I'm not 100% sure, as {ri} doesn't work with some pronouns like {mi}, and the CLL doesn't provide a comprehensive list of the pronouns excluded by {ri}.
Nevertheless I don't see any justifiable reason to preclude using {ri} from refering back to {ma}. :)


As for the general question of how to refer back to a sumti used in an outer bridi (but not in the main/outermost one, for which you can use {vo'a} and friends), you can use {ri / ra} or the wonderful brika'i {no'a}:
{mi djuno lo du'u  lo do pendo cu djica lo nu  [ri / lo no'a ku] ponse lo gerku}
= "I know that [ your friend wants [ he has/possesses a/the dog ] ]"

In the above sentence, both "ri" and "lo no'a ku" refers to "lo do pendo".

• lo no'a (ku) = the x1 of the next outer bridi
• lo se no'a (ku) = the x2 of the next outer bridi
• lo te no'a (ku) = the x3 of the next outer bridi

You can also use {lo bi'unai [selbri] (ku)} for refering back to something previously mentioned that is/does [selbri]. For example, {lo bi'unai pendo (ku)} = "the/an aformentioned friend".

mi'e la .ilmen. mu'o


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