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On Monday 29 September 2008 17:03:07 Michael Turniansky wrote: > > .i lo do te sitna cu na srana lo me zo na poi selbri tcita .i ko tcidu > > zoi zoi <http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c16/s11.html> > > ri ba'e du lo pagbu poi mi sitna ke'a .i na go'i .i ri vasru gi'enai du vau lo pagbu poi do sitna ke'a .i pe'u ko tcidu zoi zoi Let us consider the English sentence 11.1) Some children do not go to school. We cannot express this directly with ``na''; the apparently obvious translation 11.2) su'oda poi verba na klama su'ode poi ckule At-least-one X which-are child(ren) [false] go-to at-least-one Y which-are school(s). which converts to the external negation: 11.3) naku zo'u su'oda poi verba cu klama su'ode poi ckule It is false that some which are children go-to some which are schools. All children don't go to some school (not just some children). Lojban provides a negation form which more closely emulates natural language negation. This involves putting ``naku'' before the selbri, instead of a ``na''. ``naku'' is clearly a contradictory negation, given its parallel with prenex bridi negation. Using ``naku'', Example 11.1 can be expressed zoi .i mi zgana loza'i do to'e drani krici lodu'u lote pilno bezo na cu mutce simsa lote pilno be zo'oi not -- mu'o mi'e nam |