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[lojban] HISTORIAN: What's up with this file?
Attached you'll find two gismu lists that appear to differ only in
the weird columns in the middle; for example, in one (the normal
gismu list that we've been providing all these years) bacru has
"1h 386", attach as gu2. In the other, which I found in a weird
spot on the web server as gismu_updated.txt, attached as gu1, has
bacru with "1h 405".
Any idea what's going on there? gismu_updated.txt seems to have
been last touched in 2002, and might easily be something I hacked
together or something? I dunno.
-Robin
--
http://singinst.org/ : Our last, best hope for a fantastic future.
Lojban (http://www.lojban.org/): The language in which "this parrot
is dead" is "ti poi spitaki cu morsi", but "this sentence is false"
is "na nei". My personal page: http://www.digitalkingdom.org/rlp/
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sumti sum su'i argument x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) 1b2376 (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)
klama kla come x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 1g1473 [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)
cusku cus sku express x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 1h1390 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)
bridi bri predicate x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 1b1172 [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)
cmavo ma'o structure word x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 1b1008 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)
nu nun event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] 3b 889 (cf. fasnu)
tanru tau phrase compound x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5 1b 777 (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni)
prenu pre person x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona 1k 650 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)
gismu gim gi'u root word x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 1b 554 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)
djica dji desire x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 3l 534 [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)
mi mib me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative 1d 532 (cf. sevzi)
se sel 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places 2a 450
mutce tce much x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 6k 432 [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)
diklo klo local x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 5d 429 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)
lujvo luv jvo affix compound x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 1b 429 (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)
drata dat other x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else 2g 422 (cf. mintu, frica)
djuno jun ju'o know x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 1h 419 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
cmalu cma small x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 406 (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)
bacru ba'u utter x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 1h 405 [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)
tavla tav ta'a talk 'palaver' x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 1h 397 [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)
viska vis vi'a see 'vision' x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 6m 381 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)
kumfa kum ku'a room x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) 2k 372 [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)
barda bra big 'large' x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 366 (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)
citka cti eat x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 5c 362 (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)
do don doi you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative 1d 358
catlu cta look x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 1g 354 [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)
nanmu nau man x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 346 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)
troci toc toi try x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 2n 344 [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)
cmene cme me'e name x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) 1b 315 [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)
nenri ner ne'i in 'inner' x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] 1e 315 [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)
pluta lut lu'a route x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) 5d 314 [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)
rinka rik ri'a cause x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 6a 313 [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)
zdani zda nest 'den' x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 4d 304 [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)
ciska ci'a write 'scribe' x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe 1h 300 [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)
na nar bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds 1d 299
zarci zac zai market 'mart' x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 3m 290 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)
since snake x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 ai 267 (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)
kansa kan with 'accompany' x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) 2g 259 [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna)
fasnu fau event 'happen' x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence 3b 257 (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)
cevni cev cei god 'divinity' x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine ac 256 [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)
zbasu zba make x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 7f 252 [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)
morsi mro dead 'mort-' x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive 4c 250 [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)
xamgu xag xau good x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 2i 250 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)
zmadu zma mau more x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 6k 250 [also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)
pensi pes pei think 'pensive' x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 3l 245 [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)
binxo bix bi'o become x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 2c 238 [resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni)
zvati zva at x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) 4d 238 [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)
dunda dud du'a give 'donate' x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] 2b 234 [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)
lerfu ler le'u letteral x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 3a 225 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)
remna rem re'a human x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human 1k 225 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)
tcita label 'tag' x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 4d 224 (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)
melbi mel mle beautiful x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 6c 219 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)
rafsi raf affix x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 1b 219 (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)
valsi val vla word x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) 1b 209 (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni)
gapru gap above 'up' x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 2d 208 (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)
nelci nel nei fond 'likes' x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) 2i 206 (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)
zgana zga observe x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 6m 206 [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)
zutse zut tse sit x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 1g 206 (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)
djedi dje dei full day x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal 3e 204 [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)
pilno pli use 'employ' x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 2e 203 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri)
ponse pos po'e possess x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 5g 202 (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)
mulno mul mu'o complete x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 7j 201 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)
kei kez end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) 3b 197
sutra sut fast 'swift' x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 196 (cf. masno)
cadzu dzu walk x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 1g 195 (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)
jinvi jiv ji'i opine x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 3l 194 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)
dukse dus du'e excess x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 3m 191 [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)
gunka gun gu'a work x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 8c 185 [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)
gleki gek gei happy 'gay' x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) 3c 183 [adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)
voksa vok vo'a voice x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 9a 183 (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)
kakne ka'e able 'can' x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) 2e 181 [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)
zukte zuk zu'e act x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 2e 181 [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)
gerku ger ge'u dog x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 ai 180 (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)
nixli nix xli girl x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 180 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)
preti ret rei question 'query' x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 1h 178 (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)
traji rai superlative 'extreme' x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 6k 178 [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)
cukta cku book x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 1f 176 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)
jmive miv ji'e live x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing 4c 172 [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)
facki fak fa'i discover 'find' x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) 4d 171 (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)
jikca jik socialize 'social' x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 2n 170 (cf. tarti, penmi)
jimpe jmi understand 'comprehend' x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 1h 170 (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)
bevri bev bei carry 'bear' x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] 2b 165 [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)
gasnu gau do x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 2e 165 (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)
farlu fal fa'u fall x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 2b 164 [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)
bangu ban bau language x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) 1b 163 [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)
cnita nit ni'a beneath x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 2d 163 [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)
sipna sip sleep x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping 6m 163 (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)
canko ca'o window x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 1f 162 (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)
cpacu cpa get 'acquire' x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] 2b 160 [also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)
gusni gus gu'i illumine 'light' x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 4d 159 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)
snada sad succeed 'accomplish' x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 8g 159 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)
krasi kra source 'origin' x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) 2c 158 [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto)
lifri lif fri experience 'life' x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 2n 158 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)
carmi cam cai intense x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 1a 157 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
du'u dum bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 at 157 (cf. mintu, dunli)
stizu tiz chair 'stool' x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting 1f 156 (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)
citno cit ci'o young 'junior' x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 2c 155 [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba)
ka kam property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] 3b 155 (cf. ckaji)
kevna kev ke'a cavity 'cave' x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 6c 154 [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)
bitmu bim bi'u wall x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 1h 153 (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)
dinju dij di'u building x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2 2k 153 (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)
simsa smi similar x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 7j 150 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)
smuni mun smu meaning x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 3j 150 [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)
claxu cau without 'lack' x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less 2g 149 (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)
mlatu lat cat x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline ai 147 (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)
terdi ted earth 'terrestrial' x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound am 147 (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)
vorme vor vro door x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 2k 147 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)
pluka puk pu'a pleasant x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 9c 146 (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)
stici sic west x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 146 (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)
cliva liv li'a leave x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 1g 145 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)
ninmu nim ni'u woman 'women' x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 145 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)
ranji ra'i continue x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 9b 145 (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)
rokci rok ro'i rock x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 6c 144 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)
slabu sau familiar x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 2c 144 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)
xabju xa'u dwell 'inhabit' x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 4d 144 (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)
tsiju tsi seed x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 5b 143 [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)
denpa dep de'a wait 'pause' x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) 1h 141 [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)
cipni cpi bird x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 6c 140 (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)
penmi pen pe'i meet x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 1g 140 (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)
blabi lab white x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] 1a 139 [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
pagbu pag pau part x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 7j 139 [partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)
cizra ciz strange 'bizarre' x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 137 [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)
cnino nin ni'o new x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty 2c 137 (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)
finti fin fi'i invent x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 8b 135 [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)
galtu gal ga'u high x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 135 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)
manti ant x1 is an ant of species/breed x2 ai 135 (cf. cinki, jalra)
broda rod predicate var 1 1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 134 (cf. cmavo list bu'a)
ckaji kai quality x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 3b 134 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)
xance xan xa'e hand x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] 1c 134 [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)
mamta mam mother 'mom' x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 133 (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)
blanu bla blue x1 is blue [color adjective] 1a 132 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)
loldi lol loi floor x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 2k 132 [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)
simlu mlu seem x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 7j 132 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)
kelci kel kei play x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 9c 131 [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)
morji moj mo'i remember 'memory' x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 2h 131 (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)
djacu jac jau water 'aqua-' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] 4h 130 [aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
sisti sti cease x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] 1g 128 (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)
tirna tin hear x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural 6m 127 (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)
lijda jda religion x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 ac 126 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda); congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri)
cribe rib bear x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 ai 125 (cf. danlu, mabru)
jibni jbi near x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 2d 125 (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)
pinka pik comment x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 8c 125 [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)
turni tru govern x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 ab 124 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)
darxi dax da'i hit x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 1g 121 (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)
karce car x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 4d 121 (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)
litru li'u travel x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller 7f 121 (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu)
da dav dza something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted) 5a 120
nanca na'a year x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual 3e 120 [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)
prami pam pa'i love x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) 9d 120 [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)
ckana cka bed x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) an 118 (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)
cmima mim cmi member x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 7c 118 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)
cfari cfa initiate x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) 2c 117 (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)
tadni tad study x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly 1h 116 (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)
casnu snu discuss x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 1h 115 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)
punji puj pu'i put x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 1g 115 (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)
zasti zat za'i exist x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 3j 115 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)
jufra juf ju'a sentence 'phrase' x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 1h 114 [phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)
tricu ric tree x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2 6c 114 (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)
sarji sra support x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 9a 113 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)
banzu baz suffice x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 3m 112 (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)
bruna bun bu'a brother x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological] 4b 111 (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)
ro rol each digit/number: each, all 3a 111
banli bal ba'i great 'grand' x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 7j 110 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)
galfi gaf ga'i modify 'alter' x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 2c 110 [agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)
carvi cav rain x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] 4h 109 (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)
cinmo cni emotion x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 9d 108 [also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)
minde mid mi'e command x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur 1h 108 [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)
badri dri sad x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) 3c 107 (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)
mlana mla side 'lateral' x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 1e 107 (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)
tcidu tid read x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader 1h 107 (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)
cladu lau loud x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 2g 106 (cf. savru)
clani cla long x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 106 (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)
drani dra correct 'right' x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 1h 106 (cf. srera, mapti)
fenra fer fe'a crack x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 9b 106 (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)
stuzi tuz stu site 'position' x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) 5d 106 [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)
tsani tan sky x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] 4h 106 (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)
cilre cli learn x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process) 1h 103 (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)
ckule kul cu'e school x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 1h 103 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)
dertu der de'u dirt x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 ah 103 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)
krici kri believe 'creed' x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 3l 103 ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)
pemci pem poem x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 103 [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)
speni spe married 'spouse' x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 9a 103 (cf. prami, gletu)
stuna sun east x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 103 (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)
vajni vaj vai important 'significant' x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) 8c 103 [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)
te ter 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places 2a 101
dunli dun du'i equal x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 6k 100 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)
lisri lis story x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 8b 100 [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci)
tarmi tam tai shape 'form' x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) 9b 100 [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)
dizlo diz dzi low x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 99 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)
pendo ped pe'o friend x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 2i 99 (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)
vitke vi'e guest 'visit' x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 4d 99 (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)
krixa kix ki'a cry out x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier 4c 98 (cf. klaku, bacru)
sisku sis seek x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) 8g 98 [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)
skicu ski describe x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) 7j 98 (cf. lisri, tavla)
xusra xus xu'a assert x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] 3j 98 [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)
kabri cup x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 2j 97 [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)
spuda spu reply 'respond' x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 1h 97 [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)
bartu bar out x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 1e 96 (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)
girzu gir gri group x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 7c 96 [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)
xlali xla bad 'mal-' x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 2i 96 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)
co'a co'a initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | - 95 [beginning (= co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)
patfu paf pa'u father 'pop, padre' x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 95 (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)
sidju dju help 'aid' x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 9c 95 (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)
ralju ral principal x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) 8c 94 [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)
crino ri'o green x1 is green/verdant [color adjective] 1a 93 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)
jarco ja'o show x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 8c 93 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)
lebna leb le'a take x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) 2b 93 [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva)
sanli sa'i stand x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 1g 93 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)
botpi bot bo'i bottle x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 1f 92 (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)
gerna gen ge'a grammar x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 1h 92 (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)
jdice jdi decide x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) 2f 92 (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)
sidbo sib si'o idea x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 9e 92 [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)
berti ber north x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 91 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)
kalri kar open x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 91 [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)
nibli nib ni'i necessitate x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 6a 91 (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji)
stedu sed head x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] 1c 91 [skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)
terpa tep te'a fear 'terror' x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) 4c 90 [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)
benji bej be'i transfer 'send' x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 4i 89 [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)
cumki cum cu'i possible 'maybe' x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe 3j 89 [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)
fanmo fam fa'o end 'final' x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] 2c 89 [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)
krinu rin ki'u reason x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) 6a 89 (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli)
xunre xun xu'e red x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] 1a 89 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)
catra kill 'slaughter' x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 8g 88 (cf. morsi, xarci)
cuxna cux cu'a choose x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) 2f 88 [also prefer (= nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)
danlu dal da'u animal x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate 6c 88 (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)
mekso mek me'o MEX x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 7e 88 (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji)
sanmi sai meal x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 5c 88 [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)
xrani xai injure 'hurt' x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) 4c 88 [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)
bebna beb foolish 'boob' x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob 5g 87 (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)
cpedu cpe request x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 1h 87 [also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)
jundi jud ju'i attentive 'attend' x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 4d 87 (cf. kurji, zvati)
cmana ma'a mountain x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2 6c 86 (cf. punli, derxi)
darno dar da'o far x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka) 2g 86 (cf. jibni)
flecu fle flow 'flush' x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4 a 86 [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)
ractu rabbit x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 ai 86 (cf. mabru, kerlo)
verba ver ve'a child x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 4b 86 [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)
vreta vre reclining 'rest' x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 an 86 (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)
batci bat bite x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 5c 85 [bite through (= ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)
gacri gai cover x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 9f 85 (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)
nitcu tcu need x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 3m 85 [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)
ganra gan broad x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 84 (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)
gugde gug gu'e country x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) ab 84 [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)
notci not noi message 'note' x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 4i 84 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)
nuzba nuz news x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 4i 84 (cf. cnino, notci)
fanva translate x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 1h 83 (cf. cusku, bangu)
jinga jig ji'a win 'gain' x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 8g 83 [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)
cfipu fi'u confusing x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) 1h 82 (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)
dasni das wear x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 3f 82 [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)
vasru vas vau contain 'vessel' x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 4d 82 [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)
xadni xad body x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal 1c 82 (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)
cidja dja food 'feed' x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 5b 81 (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)
cpana upon x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 1e 81 (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)
je jev jve tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and 7a 81
snanu nan south x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 81 (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)
vimcu vic vi'u remove x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 7e 81 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)
xatra xa'a letter x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 4i 81 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'; ciska, mrilu, papri)
ctuca ctu teach x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) 1h 80 [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)
temci tem tei time x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 3e 80 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)
zdile zdi amusing 'amused' x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 5g 80 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)
jmina min add 'augment' x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3 5c 79 (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)
rirxe ri'e river x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 6c 79 (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)
jbena jbe born 'bear' x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 4b 78 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)
mabla mal derogative x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 3d 78 [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)
milxe mli mild x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 6k 78 (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)
pagre gre pass through x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 4d 78 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)
savru sav vru noise 'clamor' x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 2g 77 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)
ta taz that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener 1d 77
ganse gas ga'e sense x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 4d 76 [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu)
jgari jai grasp 'grip' x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) 5g 76 [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)
smaji sma quiet 'silent' x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 7j 76 (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)
taxfu taf ta'u garment x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 3f 76 [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)
tuple tup tu'e leg x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] 1c 76 (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)
cabna cab now x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time 4a 75 [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)
manku man dark x1 is dark/lacking in illumination 1a 75 (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)
serti ser stairs x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 ao 75 (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)
sudga sud dry x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid 6f 75 (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)
cinri ci'i interesting 'interests' x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 8b 73 [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)
mintu mit mi'u same 'identical' x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) 2g 73 (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)
xruti xru return x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 7f 73 [x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)
birka bir arm x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] 1c 72 [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)
lalxu la'u lake 'lagoon' x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 6c 72 (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)
sinxa sni sign x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 7e 72 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)
skami sam computer x1 is a computer for purpose x2 8c 72 (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)
cmila mi'a laugh 'smile' x1 laughs (emotional expression) 1g 71 [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)
dargu dag road x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) 5d 71 [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)
gurni gru grain x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 aj 71 (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)
mukti muk mu'i motive x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 6a 71 [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)
spati spa plant x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 6c 71 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)
tcadu tca city 'town' x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 4d 71 [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)
brife bif bi'e breeze x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 4h 70 (cf. tcima)
jitfa jif false x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 70 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)
manri mar reference x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 2d 70 (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)
muvdu muv mu'u move x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 2b 70 [also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)
condi con cno coi deep x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 69 (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)
jamfu jaf jma foot x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal 1c 69 (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)
lamji lam la'i adjacent x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 2d 69 [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)
dansu dance x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 5g 68 (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)
jubme jub jbu table x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 1f 68 (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)
klesi kle lei class x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) 7c 68 [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)
xamsi xas sea x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine 6c 68 [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)
jadni jad ja'i adorn x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated 3f 67 [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke)
kerfa kre hair x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 1c 67 (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)
solri sol solar x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar am 67 ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)
suksa suk sudden x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 7j 67 [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)
vanci vac evening x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 67 [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)
certu cre expert x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 8c 66 [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)
ciksi cki explain x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) 1h 66 [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)
curmi cru let 'permit' x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 8e 66 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)
danfu daf answer x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 1h 66 (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)
dicra dir interrupt 'disturb, disrupt' x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 4d 66 [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)
frili fil easy 'freely' x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily 1i 66 (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)
mapti mat fit 'match' x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 7j 66 (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)
nicte cte night x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal 3e 66 [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)
pixra pir xra picture x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 4d 66 [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)
stali sta remain 'stay' x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 4d 66 (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)
fengu feg fe'u angry x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) 3c 65 (cf. fanza, dunku)
flira fir face x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial 1c 65 (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)
pacna pa'a hope x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens 9d 65 [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica)
bunre bur bu'e brown x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] 1a 64 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
culno clu full x1 is full/completely filled with x2 2g 64 (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)
jetnu jet je'u true x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 64 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)
jukpa jup cook x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) 5c 64 [cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)
zanru zar zau approve x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) 8d 64 (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)
mikce mic doctor 'medic' x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 4c 63 [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)
xebni xen xei hate x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 2i 63 [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)
plipe pip pi'e leap x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 1g 62 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)
purci pur pru past 'earlier' x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter 4a 62 [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)
rupnu rup ru'u dollar 'ruble' x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 5e 62 [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
sarcu sa'u necessary x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 3m 62 [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)
tcika time of day x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 3e 62 [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)
darlu dau argue x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] 3j 61 (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)
krefu ref ke'u recur x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 7j 61 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)
pleji lej le'i pay x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 8b 61 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)
sanji saj conscious x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) 6m 61 [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)
dandu dad hang 'dangle, suspend' x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 7j 60 [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)
fange alien 'foreign' x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 60 (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)
mipri mip secret x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 3l 60 [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)
nandu nad difficult 'hard' x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 1i 60 (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)
renro rer re'o throw x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) 8h 60 (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)
satci exact 'precise' x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 7e 60 (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)
tcini situation 'state' x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 8c 60 [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)
zgike zgi gi'e music x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) 5g 60 [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)
cpare par climb x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] 2b 59 (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)
jalge jag ja'e result x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) 6a 59 [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)
ke kem start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 3b 59 (cf. cmavo list ke'e)
kunti kut empty 'vacant' x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow 2g 59 [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)
kurji kuj ku'i take care of 'care' x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) 2l 59 [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)
censa ces holy 'sacred' x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 ac 58 (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)
desku des shake x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 1g 58 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)
finpe fip fi'e fish 'fin' x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] 5b 58 (cf. danlu)
mleca mec me'a less x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 6k 58 [also negative (= nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cmavo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)
pinxe pix drink x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 2j 58 (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)
pritu right x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 58 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)
tugni tug tu'i agree x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 9c 58 (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)
balvi bav future 'later' x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former 4a 57 [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)
karni journal x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 8b 57 [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)
cilmo cim moist x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2 6f 56 (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)
co'e com co'e unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship at 56
fagri fag fire x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) a 56 (cf. jelca, sacki)
jicmu cmu basis x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 7j 56 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)
prije pij wise 'sage' x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 a 56 (cf. bebna)
fendi fed divide x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4 9b 55 [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)
fuzme fuz fu'e responsible x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 8c 55 (cf. bilga)
jdari jar firm 'hard' x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 6f 55 (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)
kargu costly x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 5e 55 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)
palci pac evil x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 2i 55 (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)
sovda sov so'a egg 'ovum' x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 5b 55 [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)
zunti zun zu'i interfere 'hinder' x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) a 55 [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)
briju bij office 'bureau' x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 8c 54 (cf. jibri, gunka)
brito rit British x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 54 (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)
ckire kir grateful x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) 2l 54 [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka)
korbi kor koi edge 'border, curb' x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 9b 54 (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)
lanzu laz family 'clan' x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 4b 54 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)
lenku lek cold 'cool' x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 2g 54 (cf. glare, bisli)
sance sna sound x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 7j 54 [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka)
srasu sas grass x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 6c 54 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)
betri bet tragedy 'tragic' x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2 4c 53 (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)
mupli mup example x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 2h 53 (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)
porsi por poi sequence x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 7c 53 [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)
ratcu rat x1 is a rat of species/breed x2 ai 53 (cf. smacu)
simxu sim si'u mutual x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) 7j 53 [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu)
xagji hunger x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 2j 53 (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)
cipra cip test 'proof' x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) 7e 52 [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)
co col tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links - 52
denmi dem dense x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 7j 52 (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)
smacu mouse x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2 ai 52 (cf. ratcu)
carna car turn x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 1g 51 [also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)
jersi je'i chase 'pursue' x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 as 51 [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)
lidne li'e precede 'leader' x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following 8c 51 [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna)
makfa maf magic x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 a 51 (cf. krici, manci)
manci mac wonder x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 9d 51 (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)
mensi mes me'i sister x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] 4b 51 (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)
pruxi rux ru'i spirit x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal a 51 [also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni)
vrici miscellaneous 'various' x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) 6f 51 (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)
dacti dai object 'thing' x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing 1f 50 (cf. marji, xanri)
jivna jvi compete 'rival' x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 8g 50 [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)
lo'e lom the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... at 50
nobli nol no'i noble x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 a 50 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli)
cikna cik awake (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious 6m 49 (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)
raktu ra'u trouble x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 4c 49 [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)
tanxe tax ta'e box 'trunk' x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 1f 49 (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)
vecnu ven ve'u sell 'vend' x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 8c 49 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)
xanka nervous 'anxious' x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 9d 49 (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)
bredi red bre ready x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) 9c 48 (cf. spaji, jukpa)
cinse cin sexual x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 5g 48 [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)
ckini ki'i related 'akin, kin' x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 2g 48 (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)
dembi deb bean x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 5b 48 (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)
frica fic differ x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 2g 48 [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)
grusi rus gray x1 is gray [color adjective] 1a 48 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
prane pa'e perfect x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) 7j 48 [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)
srera sre err x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 1h 48 (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)
tatpi ta'i tired x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest 4c 48 (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)
ti tif this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker 1d 48
trixe rix ti'e behind x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 48 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)
banro ba'o grow x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 8f 47 [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)
fanza faz annoy x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 a 47 [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)
kucli curious x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) 9d 47 [inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)
munje muj mu'e universe x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 a 47 [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno)
natmi nat nai nation x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] ab 47 (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)
pa pav 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) 3a 47
salpo sa'o slope x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 5d 47 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)
sazri saz operate x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 8c 47 (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)
sepli sep sei apart 'separate' x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 6f 47 [also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi)
virnu vri brave 'valiant, virtue' x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 4c 47 (cf. terpa, darsi)
xekri xek xe'i black x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] 1a 47 (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
cisma smile x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) 1g 46 [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)
clite lit polite x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 9c 46 [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)
setca se'a insert x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 6f 46 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)
zabna zan za'a favorable x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 3d 46 (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)
gusta restaurant x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 5c 45 (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)
jibri jib job x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 2n 45 [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities)
kajde jde warn 'caution' x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) 4c 45 [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)
kulnu klu culture x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic ab 45 [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cmavo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)
limna lim swim x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2 6c 45 (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)
masno sno slow x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 45 (cf. sutra)
nanla boy 'lad' x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 45 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)
pencu pec pe'u touch x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] 1g 45 (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana)
ricfu rif cfu rich x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 a 45 (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)
rinsa greet x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) 2n 45 (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co'o)
risna heart 'cardiac' x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] aa 45 [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)
rivbi riv avoid 'evade' x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) a 45 [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)
sevzi sez se'i self x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2 7j 45 (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)
trina tri attract x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) 7j 45 [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi)
cerni cer morning x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 44 [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)
jdini din di'i money 'dinero' x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal 5e 44 ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)
klaku kak weep x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) 4c 44 (cf. badri, krixa)
nanba nab bread x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 5b 44 (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)
bilga big obliged x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 8c 43 [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)
bisli bis ice x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 5b 43 [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)
lafti laf lift x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 8h 43 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)
liste ste list x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 7c 43 [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)
pajni pai judge x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) 2f 43 [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)
porpi pop po'i break x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 4c 43 (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)
stidi sid ti'i suggest x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 8c 43 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)
tcati tea x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 2j 43 (cf. ckafi)
torni ton to'i twist 'torsion' x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2 a 43 (cf. tinsa, trati)
vikmi vim vi'i excrete x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 aa 43 (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)
zenba zen ze'a increase 'augment' x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 43 (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)
cenba cne vary x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 2c 42 [non-resultative, not-necessarily agentive change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and agentive, stika which is non-resultative and agentive; stodi, zasni, binxo)
cirko cri lose x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 8g 42 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)
grana ga'a rod x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 9b 42 (cf. garna)
sinma si'a esteem x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] 9d 42 [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira)
sonci son soi soldier x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 a 42 (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)
tadji method x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 8f 42 [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)
tsali tsa strong x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 42 (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)
vacri var air x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 5g 42 (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)
vi viz here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... 4a 42 (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)
basti bas replace 'substitute' x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute 3m 41 [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)
cortu cor cro pain 'hurt' x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 4c 41 (cf. cinmo, xrani)
daspo spo destroy 'despoil' x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive 4c 41 (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)
fatci fac fact x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute 3j 41 (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)
foldi flo foi field x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 9b 41 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)
minra mir reflect 'mirror' x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 a 41 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)
sefta sfe surface x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 9b 41 [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)
stasu soup 'stew' x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 5b 41 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)
steci tec te'i specific 'special' x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) 7j 41 [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)
surla sur relax x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) 9c 41 (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)
ciblu blu blood x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 4c 40 (cf. risna, flecu)
fonxa fon telephone x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 2n 40 (cf. tcana)
joi jol joi in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass aq 40
kandi kad dim x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 1a 40 [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
midju mij middle x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central 2d 40 (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)
nabmi nam problem x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 8c 40 [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)
selfu sef se'u serve x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3 a 40 (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)
xelso xes Greek 'Hellas' x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 40 (cf. latmo, ropno)
zunle zul left x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 40 [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)
cnemu nem ne'u reward x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 a 39 [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, posyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)
cpina pungent x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2 5c 39 [also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)
detri det date x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 3e 39 (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)
jutsi jut species x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] ai 39 [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf. klesi, lanzu)
mansa satisfy x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 8c 39 (cf. pajni)
masti ma'i month x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 3e 39 [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavla'ima'i); last month (= prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)
nurma num rural x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country 6c 39 (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)
srana ra'a pertain 'concerns' x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 7j 39 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)
tarti tra behave x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 9c 39 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)
tisna tis fill 'stuff' x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 6f 39 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)
bersa bes be'a son x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] 4b 38 [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)
jarki jak narrow x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 38 (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)
kavbu kav capture 'catch' x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 8e 38 [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)
merko mer American x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 1b 38 (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)
no non 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) 3a 38 [nothing (= nomei, but also nozu'i)]
skuro ku'o groove 'furrow' x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 9b 38 (cf. plixa)
solji slo gold x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive] ag 38 (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)
tigni tig perform x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 5g 38 (cf. jarco)
bolci bol boi ball x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] 9b 37 [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)
cilce cic wild (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed 6c 37 [tame (= tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)
cmoni cmo co'i moan x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) 4c 37 [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)
cripu rip bridge x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] ao 37 (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)
drudi rud dru roof x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 2k 37 (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
fepni fep fei cent 'penny' x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 5e 37 [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
glico gic gli English x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 1b 37 [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)
jorne jon jo'e joined x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union 6f 37 [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)
kufra kuf comfort x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 9d 37 (cf. cinmo)
purdi pud garden x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 6c 37 [orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)
tcica tic deceive 'cheat, trick' x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) a 37 [agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)
vlipa vli powerful x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 7g 37 [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)
birti bit certain x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true 3l 36 (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)
bo bor short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 8a 36
danmo dam smoke x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 4h 36 [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)
dirba dib dear x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 9d 36 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)
jbini bin bi'i between x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) 2d 36 [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)
kanro ka'o healthy x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2 4c 36 (cf. bilma, mikce)
lerci lec late x1 (event) is late by standard x2 2g 36 (cf. clira)
lorxu lor lo'u fox x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 ai 36 (cf. gerku)
lunra lur lunar x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 am 36 (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)
rectu rec re'u meat 'flesh' x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 5b 36 (cf. sluji)
snura nur nu'a secure x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) 9a 36 (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)
xasli donkey 'ass' x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2 ai 36 (cf. xirma, kumte)
clira lir early x1 (event) is early by standard x2 2g 35 (cf. lerci)
jeftu jef week x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 3e 35 [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)]; (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)
namcu nac na'u number x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol 3a 35 (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)
spaji paj surprise x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 9d 35 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)
sumne smell x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 6m 35 (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)
tubnu tu'u tube x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 9b 35 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu)
xajmi xam funny 'comic' x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 5g 35 [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)
damba dab da'a fight 'combat' x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant 8g 34 [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)
jitro tro control x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) 8c 34 [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura)
kalsa kas chaotic x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) a 34 (cf. cunso, cnici)
lakne la'e probable 'likely' x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2 6f 34 (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano)
malsi mas temple x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 9a 34 [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)
rapli rap repeat x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences 1h 34 [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)
rarna rar natural x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) 6c 34 (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)
satre sa'e stroke x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 9c 34 [pet (= pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)
senpi sen doubt 'skeptic' x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true 9d 34 [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)
xrula rul flower x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral aj 34 (cf. spati)
bloti lot blo lo'i boat x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 7f 33 (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)
cecmu cem ce'u community x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 7c 33 (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)
ckasu cas ridicule 'scoff' x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) 5g 33 (cf. cmila)
cutci cuc shoe x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 3f 33 [also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)
ganlo ga'o closed x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 33 [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)
gletu let gle copulate 'coitus' x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 as 33 [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)
jmaji jaj gather x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) 3m 33 [also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)
klina kli clear x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] 7j 33 [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')
nakni nak male 'masculine' x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine 4b 33 (cf. fetsi, bersa)
panpi pap peace x1 is at peace with x2 8g 33 (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna)
rirni rir parent 'rear' x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 4b 33 (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa)
vanbi vab environment 'ambient' x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 5d 33 [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)
xaksu xak use up x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] a 33 [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe)
canci vanish x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 a 32 [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)
kakpa dig x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 6f 32 [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)
kruca kuc intersect 'cross' x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 5d 32 (cf. cripu, ragve)
mentu met me'u minute x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 3e 32 (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)
panzi paz offspring x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial 4b 32 (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)
pelxu pel yellow x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] 1a 32 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)
ragve rav across x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 3j 32 [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre)
re rel 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) 3a 32
rijno rij silver 'argent' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] 5e 32 (cf. solji)
sicni si'i coin 'specie' x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 5e 32 (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)
skari ska color x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 1a 32 [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)
skina kin cinema x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 5g 32 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)
snime si'e snow x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow 4h 32 (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)
tixnu tix ti'u daughter x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 32 (cf. bersa, panzi)
tordu tor to'u short x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 32 (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)
bajra baj run x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 2b 31 (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)
canlu cal ca'u space 'volume' x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 al 31 [also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)
dasri sri ribbon x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 3f 31 (cf. djine)
katna ka'a cut x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 5c 31 [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)
klani lai quantity x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) 3b 31 [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)
marji maj mai material 'matter' x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 6b 31 [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)
menli men mind 'mental' x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 3l 31 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)
narju naj orange x1 is orange [color adjective] 1a 31 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)
saske ske science x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 8c 31 [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe)
toknu tok oven x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 5c 31 (cf. nanba)
vasxu vax va'u breathe 'vascular' x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] 4d 31 (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)
cifnu cif infant x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 3b 30 [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)
ckiku kik key x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 ao 30 [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)
datni data x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 8b 30 [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)
denci den de'i tooth 'dental' x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental aa 30 (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)
fraxu fax forgive x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3 4d 30 (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)
jemna jme gem x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 6c 30 [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)
junri jur serious x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) 9d 30 [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)
kanla kal eye 'ocular' x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular 1c 30 [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)
ni nil amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 3b 30 (cf. klani)
sampu sap simple x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) 6f 30 (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)
vensa ves spring 'vernal' x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal 3e 30 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)
xendo xed xe'o kind x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 9c 30 (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)
cupra pra produce x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 8f 29 (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)
kecti kec ke'i pity x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) 4c 29 (cf. cinmo, xendo)
pezli pez leaf x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 5b 29 (cf. tricu, papri, spati)
pindi pid poor 'indigent' x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 a 29 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)
sruri rur sru surround x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 7j 29 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)
tagji tag snug 'tight' x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 3f 29 (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)
tarci tar star x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 am 29 (cf. solri, tsani)
tcila til detail x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2 8f 29 (cf. diklo, steci)
tonga tog to'a tone x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 a 29 (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)
vofli vol voi flight 'fly' x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 7f 29 (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)
xirma xir xi'a horse x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 ai 29 [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte)
bilma bi'a ill x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 4c 28 (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)
ctino ti'o shadow 'shade' x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 a 28 (cf. manku, gusni)
dakli sack x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 3f 28 (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)
dilnu dil cloud x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 4h 28 (cf. carvi, tcima)
janco jan shoulder x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 aa 28 (cf. birka)
judri address x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 5d 28 (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)
kampu kau common x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) 6f 28 (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu)
mudri mud wood 'lumber' x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2 6b 28 (cf. tricu, stani)
pluja luj complicated 'complex' x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 6f 28 [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena)
snuti nut accidental x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident 4c 28 (cf. zukte, cunso)
stapa tap step x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 a 28 (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)
vlile vil violent x1 is an event/state/act of violence 8g 28 (cf. suksa, jursa)
zifre zif zi'e free x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 8e 28 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)
cnici nic orderly 'neat' x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) 7j 27 (cf. cunso, kalsa)
crisa cis summer x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 27 (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)
dunja duj freeze 'jell' x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 4h 27 (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)
dunku duk du'u anguish x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 4d 27 (cf. fengu, surla)
gunma gum jointly 'mass' x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly 5a 27 [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)
linsi lin chain 'links' x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3 9f 27 (cf. skori)
prali pal profit x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 8d 27 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)
rirci rare x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 27 (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts)
sligu lig solid x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 27 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)
xenru xer xe'u regret 'rue' x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 4c 27 [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi)
cacra hour x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 3e 26 (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
ciste ci'e system x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) 7e 26 [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)
farna far fa'a direction x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 5d 26 [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)
kancu kac count x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 3a 26 (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)
lindi lid lightning x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 4h 26 [also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)
moklu mol mo'u mouth 'oral' x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) 1c 26 [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)
pastu pas robe 'tunic' x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 3f 26 [also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku)
rinju ri'u restrain x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) 3m 26 [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)
salci sla celebrate x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 9c 26 [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)
senva sev sne dream 'reverie' x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 6m 26 [dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)
xlura xlu influence 'lure' x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 7j 26 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)
za'o za'o superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> at 26 (cf. dukse)
kagni kag company x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 8c 25 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende)
klaji laj street 'avenue' x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 5d 25 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)
kosta kos coat x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 3f 25 (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)
kukte kuk delicious 'cooked, tasty' x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] 2j 25 [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)
pinsi pis pencil x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 1f 25 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri)
ranti ran soft x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 2g 25 (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)
renvi rev re'i survive x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 4c 25 [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci)
spisa spi piece x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] 7j 25 (cf. pagbu)
bikla bik whip 'beat, lash' x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] ao 24 (cf. skori, darxi)
brode bo'e predicate var 2 2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 24
calku cak shell x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 9f 24 (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)
cunso cun cu'o random 'chance' x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 7e 24 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)
dapma dap curse 'damn' x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 a 24 [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)
gunta gut attack x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 8g 24 (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)
jegvo jeg je'o Jehovist x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 ac 24 [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)
jinto well x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 a 24 (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)
logji loj logic x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) 7a 24 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)
ritli ri'i rite x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 9a 24 [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri)
tcena ten stretch x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 9b 24 (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)
tilju tij heavy 'weighty' x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 24 (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)
titla tit sweet x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 5c 24 (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)
zekri zer zei crime x1 (event/state) is a crime/[taboo/offense/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 8d 24 [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)
citri cir history x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 a 23 [also historic/historical (= cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga)
ckafi kaf coffee x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 2j 23 [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)
datka duck x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2 ai 23 (cf. cipni)
fadni fad ordinary x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 23 [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)
frati fra react x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive 2b 23 [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)
grute rut fruit x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2 6c 23 (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre)
jenca jen shock x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 4c 23 (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)
jvinu vin ji'u view x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 6c 23 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco)
kerlo ker ear 'aural, earlobe' x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] 1c 23 [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)
lanli lal analyze x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] 8c 23 (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)
pulce puc pu'e dust 'pulverized' x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 a 23 (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)
sorcu soc sro store x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 3m 23 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)
tcaci cac custom 'habit' x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 7j 23 [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)
tcima tim ti'a weather 'climate' x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological 4h 23 [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu)
vanju van wine x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2 2j 23 (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)
dakfu dak knife x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 1f 22 (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)
du dub du'o same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing 1 22 [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic English copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)
fatri fai distribute x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) 8c 22 [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)
janli jal collide x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 4c 22 (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi)
jimca jic branch 'limb' x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] 6c 22 [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)
pikta ticket x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 5g 22 (cf. jaspu)
plita pit plane x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] 9b 22 [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta)
sabji sab provide 'supply' x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] 3m 22 [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu)
venfu vef revenge 'avenge' x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) a 22 [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu)
bidju bead x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 9b 21 (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)
bukpu buk bu'u cloth x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2 3f 21 (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)
cinba kiss 'buss' x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 5g 21 (cf. ctebi)
cukla cuk round 'circular' x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring 9b 21 [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)
fraso fas French 'France' x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 21 (cf. ropno)
ja jav tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or 7a 21
kusru kus cruel x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2 9c 21 (cf. xendo, jursa)
lumci lum lu'i wash x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 5g 21 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)
makcu ma'u mature x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) 9c 21 (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)
mixre mix xre mixture x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 5c 21 [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)
skapi kap pelt 'skin' x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 9f 21 (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)
spoja poj po'a explode x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 a 21 (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)
stela tel lock x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 ao 21 (cf. ckiku)
bapli bap bai force 'compel' x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest as 20 [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)
cfila cfi flaw x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 7j 20 (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)
cirla cheese x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 5b 20 (cf. ladru)
degji deg finger 'digit' x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] 1c 20 [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),
dukti dut opposite 'contrary' x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) 3j 20 (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)
festi fes waste x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) a 20 [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)
funca fun fu'a luck 'fortune' x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) 4d 20 (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)
lacpu lap cpu pull x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 8h 20 [gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu)
lasna la'a fasten 'lash' x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 3f 20 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa)
mapku map cap x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 3f 20 (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)
morna mon mo'a pattern 'form' x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 9b 20 [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti)
pulji police x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 a 20 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)
rufsu ruf rough x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity 6f 20 [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)
siclu sil whistle x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 a 20 (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)
silna salt x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3 5b 20 (cf. sakta)
smadi guess 'surmise' x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 20 [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma)
spita hospital x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 4c 20 [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)
tance tac tongue x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) aa 20 [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji)
vidni video x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 ao 20 (cf. skina, ve tivni)
vifne vif fresh (adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled 5c 20 (cf. fusra)
xalbo levity 'frivolous' x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) a 20 (cf. junri, linto)
xanri xar imaginary 'unreal' x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 3j 20 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)
cuntu cu'u affair x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business 8d 19 [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)
draci drama x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 5g 19 [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika)
dunra dur winter x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 19 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)
fenki fek crazy 'frenzy' x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 4d 19 (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)
gasta gat steel x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2 6b 19 (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)
javni jva rule x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 7e 19 [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)
pelji ple paper 'page' x1 is paper from source x2 1h 19 [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)
rutni run artifact x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made 6c 19 (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)
steba seb frustration x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction) 9d 19 (cf. cinmo)
stika tik adjust x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 a 19 [non-resultative, agentive change]; (cf. cenba which need not be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi)
xadba xab half x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 7e 19 (cf. mulno, pagbu)
xedja xej xe'a jaw x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2 1c 19 (cf. stedu)
cidni cid knee x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 1c 18 [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)
donri dor do'i daytime x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) 3e 18 (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)
fapro fap pro oppose x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract) a 18 [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)
ferti fre fertile x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific a 18 [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)
jipci chicken x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 5b 18 (cf. cipni)
kamju column x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 a 18 [spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)
kruji ruj cream x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 2j 18 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)
ladru lad milk 'lactic' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy 2j 18 (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)
mebri meb brow x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 aa 18 (cf. stedu, flira)
pruce ruc ru'e process x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 8f 18 [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)
rebla reb tail x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] ai 18 (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)
sobde sob so'e soya x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 aj 18 (cf. dembi, gurni)
tu tuf that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & listener 1d 18
tumla tum tu'a land x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain 8d 18 (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi)
vamji vam va'i value x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 8d 18 [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, vajni)
basna emphasize 'accent' x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 1h 17 [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)
besna ben brain x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] aa 17 [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)
cimni infinite x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 al 17 [also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)
cinki insect x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] 6c 17 (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)
ckape cap peril x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 a 17 [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)
gidva gid gi'a guide x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) 5d 17 [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)
jamna jam war x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 8g 17 (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)
jimte jit limit x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 7e 17 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini)
juxre jux clumsy 'awkward' x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 5g 17 (cf. sluji, muvdu)
kalte kat hunt x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3 as 17 [also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi)
kinli kil sharp 'keen' x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2 7j 17 (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)
kojna koj ko'a corner x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 9b 17 [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi)
lacri lac rely x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) 8c 17 (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)
lunbe lub bare x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] a 17 (cf. taxfu, bandu)
mrilu mri mail x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 4i 17 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)
panci pan odor 'fragrance' x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 5c 17 [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina)
panka park x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 ap 17 (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)
ralci rac delicate 'fragile' x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) 7j 17 [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)
rozgu roz zgu rose x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 aj 17 [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)
sodva sod soda x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 2j 17 [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (cf. jilka, jinme)
tikpa tip kick x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 2b 17 (cf. tunta, darxi)
tivni tiv television x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 a 17 [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)
cutne cut chest x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 aa 16 (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)
darsi audacity 'dare' x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) a 16 [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)
daski pocket x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 3f 16 (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)
derxi dre heap x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 3m 16 (cf. cmana)
farvi fav develop 'evolve' x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 8f 16 (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)
forca fro fork x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 5c 16 (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)
friti fit offer x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 8d 16 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)
ganzu gaz organize x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 8c 16 [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)
jdima di'a price x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4 8d 16 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi'a, posyseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji)
jinru jir immerse x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 6c 16 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa)
marbi mra shelter 'harbor' x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 4d 16 (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)
matne butter x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 5b 16 [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)
merli mre measure x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 al 16 (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
minji mi'i machine x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] 7g 16 [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)
mokca moc point 'moment' x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 9b 16 [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika)
pante pat protest x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 9c 16 (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)
plini planet x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 16 (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)
ralte ra'e retain x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession 2b 16 (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)
runta dissolve x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 a 16 [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga)
sfani fly x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 6c 16 (cf. cinki, bifce)
xalni panic x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state) a 16 (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)
xanto elephant x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2 ai 16 (cf. mabru, barda)
xriso xis xi'o Christian x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ac 16 (cf. jegvo, lijda)
boxna bon bo'a wave x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 9b 15 (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)
ci cib 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) 3a 15
citsi season x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 3e 15 [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)
dirgo dig drop x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 4h 15 (cf. daplu, bidju)
fetsi fet fe'i female 'fem-' x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine 4b 15 (cf. nakni)
jinsa jis clean x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 5g 15 (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)
linji lij li'i line x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 9b 15 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca)
palku pak pants x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 3f 15 (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)
palta plate 'platter' x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 5c 15 (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)
sakli sal slide 'slip' x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 a 15 [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)
sirji sir straight x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear 6f 15 (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)
stani stalk x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] aj 15 (cf. tuple, mudri)
tanbo ta'o board x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 ao 15 (cf. bliku, kubli)
tinbe tib obey x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient a 15 (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)
xarci xac xa'i weapon 'arms' x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 a 15 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)
ca'a caz actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event at 14 (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)
catke ca'e shove x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 8h 14 [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)
cikre repair 'fix' x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 8c 14 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)
co'u co'u cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< | - 14 [ending (= co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)
dacru dac drawer x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 ao 14 (cf. nilce, tanxe)
dirce di'e radiate x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3 7j 14 (cf. gusni)
dzena dze elder x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents 4b 14 (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)
jenmi jem jei army x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) a 14 (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)
junla jul clock x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 3e 14 [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
jursa jus severe 'harsh' x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] 4c 14 (cf. gunta, vlile)
korcu kro bent 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded 6f 14 (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu)
latmo la'o Latin x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 ab 14 (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)
na'e nal scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 7x 14
nalci na'i wing x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] ai 14 (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)
nazbi naz zbi nose 'nasal' x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] 1c 14 [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance)
stura tur su'a structure x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] a 14 (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)
toldi tod butterfly x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2 ai 14 (cf. cinki)
vrude vud vu'e virtue x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 2i 14 [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde, zabna)
bargu bag arch x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 9b 13 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)
birje beer x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 2j 13 (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)
blaci glass x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2 6b 13 (cf. kabri)
cerda ced heir x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 a 13 [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)
creka cek shirt x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 3f 13 (cf. taxfu)
curnu cur worm x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 ai 13 [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka)
fanta prevent x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring 8g 13 (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)
jalra cockroach x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 ai 13 [also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)
marce ma'e vehicle x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 7f 13 (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji)
matci mat x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 a 13 [also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana)
panra parallel x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 9b 13 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)
plana plump x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 6f 13 (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)
ranmi ram myth x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 ac 13 [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)
ropno ron ro'o European x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. brito)
skaci skirt x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] 3f 13 [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku)
so'i sor so'i many digit/number: many 3a 13
spofu pof po'u broken x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 4c 13 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)
stati talent x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 a 13 (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)
sunga sug garlic x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2 aj 13 (cf. stagi)
tutci tci tool x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] 7g 13 (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga)
bancu bac beyond x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) 7j 12 [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)
cange cag farm 'grange, agrarian' x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian ap 12 [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)
canja caj exchange x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman 8d 12 [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)
ctebi teb lip 'labial' x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial aa 12 (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)
dotco dot do'o German 'Deutsch' x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 12 (cf. ropno)
fatne fat fa'e reverse x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) 3j 12 [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)
jbari jba berry x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 5b 12 (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)
jukni juk spider 'arachnid' x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 ai 12 (cf. cinki, danlu)
kacma camera x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 6c 12 (cf. lenjo)
lazni lazy x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 a 12 (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)
matli linen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material] ah 12 (cf. bukpu)
mucti mut immaterial x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form 6b 12 (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)
murta mur mu'a curtain x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 5g 12 (cf. canko, vorme)
pilka pil pi'a crust 'peel' x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 9f 12 (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri)
pinta pin level 'horizontal' x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 9b 12 (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)
sanga sag sa'a sing x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 5g 12 [melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu)
sanso sauce x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 5b 12 [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)
slilu sli oscillate x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) ar 12 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)
sluni onion x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 5b 12 (cf. stagi)
so'o sos several digit/number: several 7e 12
xindo xin Hindi x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 ab 12 [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)
bakni bak bovine 'ox' x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 ai 11 (cf. danlu)
cafne caf often x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 6f 11 (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds)
cmaci mathematics x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2 7e 11 (cf. mekso)
gadri gad article x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 2a 11 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo)
gluta glu glove x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 ao 11 [mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)
gunro gur gu'o roll 'trundle' x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller as 11 (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)
jdika decrease x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 11 (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)
jelca jel burn x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 a 11 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)
kamni committee x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 8d 11 [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)
larcu lar art x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) 8c 11 [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)
litki lik liquid x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 11 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)
mabru mab mammal x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 6c 11 (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)
manfo uniform x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka) 7j 11 (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji)
muslo mus Islamic x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 ac 11 [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)
penbi peb pen x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 1f 11 (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)
pikci beg 'supplicate' x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 9c 11 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi)
salta salad x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2 5b 11 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu)
slaka syllable x1 is a syllable in language x2 1h 11 (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)
snidu nid second x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 3e 11 (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
snuji nuj sandwich x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 5b 11 (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)
sraji raj vertical 'upright' x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 9b 11 (cf. sanli, pinta)
trati taut x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 a 11 (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)
brodi predicate var 3 3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 10
caxno cax shallow x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 10 (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)
ce cec in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set at 10 (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)
cnano na'o norm x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 7e 10 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)
crepu rep harvest 'reap' x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 as 10 (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)
frumu fru frown x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) 4d 10 [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma)
fukpi fuk fu'i copy x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) 8b 10 (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva)
grasu ras grease x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2 6b 10 (cf. ctile, matne, plana)
jecta jec je'a polity 'state' x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] ab 10 [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)
jinzi jiz innate x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 7j 10 (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)
jungo jug Chinese x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 10 (cf. xazdo)
maxri xri wheat x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 10 (cf. gurni)
moi mom moi ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 7e 10 (x2 is a completely specified set)
platu pla plan 'plot' x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 8c 10 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)
plise apple x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 5b 10 (cf. grute)
tamji taj thumb x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] 1c 10 [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)
tarbi embryo x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 a 10 (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)
ve vel 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places 2a 10
bandu bad defend x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) 8g 9 [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)
betfu bef be'u abdomen 'belly' x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] 1c 9 [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)
cedra era x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) a 9 (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)
cnebo neb ne'o neck x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point] 1c 9 (cf. galxe, cutne)
damri drum x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 ak 9 (cf. rilti, zgike)
dimna dim fate 'doom' x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 a 9 [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)
febvi feb boil x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 9 [roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)
jarbu suburb x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 a 9 (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)
jicla stir x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 as 9 [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)
jirna horn x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] ai 9 (cf. jgalu, bongu)
kantu ka'u quantum x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 7j 9 [quantum ray (= bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)
kicne kic ki'e cushion x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 an 9 (cf. ckana, matci)
krati ka'i represent 'proxy' x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 8c 9 [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji)
prosa ros ro'a prose x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 9 [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti)
rimni rim rhyme x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) 8b 9 [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga)
rismi ris rice x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 5b 9 (cf. gurni)
rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick 'stout' x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] 6f 9 [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli)
senta set layer 'stratum' x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 9b 9 (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti)
sfofa sfo sofa x1 is a sofa/couch (noun) an 9 (cf. nilce)
slasi las plastic x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 6b 9 (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)
stodi sto constant 'stable' x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 7e 9 [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)
su'o suz su'o at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than 3a 9 (cf. cmalu, mleca)
sumji suj sum x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 7e 9 (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)
va vaz there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... 4a 9
xruki xuk turkey x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2 ai 9 (cf. cipni)
bliku bli block x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 9b 8 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)
bradi enemy 'adversary' x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 2i 8 (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)
cakla chocolate x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa 2j 8 (cf. ckafi)
canre can sand x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 8 [also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)
cartu cat chart x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 5d 8 (cf. platu)
catni ca'i authority x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 8c 8 (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)
cigla cig gland x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 aa 8 [secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)
cilta cil thread 'filament' x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2 9b 8 (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)
clika mossy x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy aj 8 (cf. mledi)
djine jin ring x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4 9b 8 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)
galxe throat 'gullet' x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] aa 8 (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)
gubni gub public x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) 8c 8 (cf. sivni)
jerna earn x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) 8c 8 [also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)
kurki bitter 'acrid' x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 6f 8 (cf. titla, slari)
lastu brass x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 ah 8 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)
misno mis mi'o famous x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) 7j 8 [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)
mledi led mold x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 aj 8 (cf. clika)
murse glimmering x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 3e 8 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)
muzga muz museum x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 ap 8 (cf. citri)
nupre nup nu'e promise x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] 9c 8 (cf. kajde, xusra)
palne tray 'pan, platter' x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 5c 8 [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)
pipno pi'o piano x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument ak 8 (cf. zgike)
selci sle cell x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 4b 8 (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu)
sputu put pu'u spit x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 aa 8 [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetce, kafke, vamtu)
stagi vegetable 'stalky' x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable 5b 8 [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca)
taske thirst x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 2j 8 (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)
zumri zmu maize x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 8 (cf. gurni)
bavmi barley x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 7 (cf. gurni)
canpa cna shovel x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 ao 7 (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)
cinla thin 'lean' x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] 6f 7 (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)
cinta paint x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 a 7 (cf. pixra, skari)
ctaru tide x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 a 7 (cf. xamsi)
danti dan projectile x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 ao 7 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)
fulta ful flu float x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant 7f 7 (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)
gapci gac gas x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 6b 7 [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)
kanba goat 'kid, billy, baa' x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 ai 7 (cf. lanme, sunla)
ketco ket tco South American 'Quechua' x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 7 (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)
kluza luz loose 'blouse' x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3 3f 7 (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)
marxa max mash x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 a 7 (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)
patlu potato x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 5b 7 (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)
prina pri print x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 a 7 (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)
sakta sat sugar 'sucrose' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 5b 7 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. silna, titla)
slanu cylinder x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2 9b 7 (cf. kamju, gunro)
sliri sulfur x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] ag 7 (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)
smoka smo sock x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 3f 7 (cf. cutci, taxfu)
smuci muc spoon x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 5c 7 (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)
sombo som so'o sow x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 a 7 (cf. crepu, tsiju)
spali polish x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 a 7 (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)
sruma ru'a assume x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 7 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti)
tanjo tangent x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2 ar 7 (cf. sinso)
tirse tir iron x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing] ag 7 [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki)
tunta tun poke 'stab' x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) a 7 [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)
viknu vik viscous 'thick' x1 is thick/viscous under conditions x2 6f 7 (cf. denmi, snipa)
vipsi vip deputy 'vice' x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 a 7 [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)
vlina alternation x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true 7a 7 (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)
xebro xeb bro Hebrew x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 7 (cf. filso)
xislu xil xi'u wheel x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 a 7 (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)
zasni zas temporary 'transient' x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 7j 7 [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)
zirpu zir zi'u purple x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] 1a 7 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre)
banfi amphibian x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2 ai 6 (cf. danlu, respa)
bemro bem be'o North American x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)
bongu bog bo'u bone x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] aa 6 [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)
cinza tongs x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 ao 6 (cf. tutci)
dikni dik regular 'cyclical' x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 9b 6 [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)
flalu fla law x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 8d 6 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)
fliba fli fail 'baffle' x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 8g 6 [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti)
jbera jer borrow x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 3m 6 [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle)
jgira jgi pride x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) 9d 6 [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada)
jinme jim metal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2 ah 6 [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva)
jisra juice x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 2j 6 [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)
kunra kun mineral 'mined' x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 6c 6 (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)
le'e lem the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... at 6
marde mad morals x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3 a 6 [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)
minli mile x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 al 6 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
mosra mos friction 'rub' x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 a 6 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali)
natfe naf na'e deny x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 7a 6 [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)
nejni nen energy x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 a 6 [ray/beam (= nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla)
nikle nik nickel x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation 5e 6 (cf. jinme)
panlo pa'o slice x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) 5c 6 (cf. nanba)
papri page 'paper' x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 1h 6 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)
perli per pear x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2 aj 6 (cf. grute)
pinfu pif prisoner 'captive' x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 8e 6 (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)
preja pej pe'a spread x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 7j 6 (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)
rigni rig disgusting 'repugnant' x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 a 6 (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)
sarlu spiral x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 9b 6 (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)
slari sar sour x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 6f 6 (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)
softo sof Soviet x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)
sralo Australian x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. glico)
vitci vit irregular 'intermittent' x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 9b 6 (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)
vrusi vus vu'i taste 'flavor' x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 6m 6 [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cpina)
xecto xet cto 100 metric 'hecto' x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 6 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro)
zbani bay x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 6c 6 (cf. lalxu, xamsi)
brodo predicate var 4 4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
brodu predicate var 5 5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
bumru bum fog x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 4h 5 (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)
cabra ca'a apparatus x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) 7g 5 [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)
canti gut 'entrails' x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 aa 5 [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)
cinfo lion x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. mlatu)
cinje cij wrinkle x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2 9b 5 (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)
ckeji kej cke ashamed x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 9d 5 (cf. cinmo)
crida rid fairy x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 ac 5 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)
cumla cul humble 'humility' x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 9c 5 (cf. cinmo, jgira)
danre da'e pressure x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 a 5 [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)
dejni dej owe 'debt-or' x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor 8d 5 (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)
dzipo zip zi'o Antarctican x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)
fo'a fo'a it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) at 5
glare gla hot 'warm' x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 2g 5 [warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)
gunse goose x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. cipni)
jilra jealous x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) 9d 5 (cf. cinmo)
jinci shears x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 6f 5 (cf. katna)
jipno jip ji'o tip 'point' x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 9b 5 (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)
kafke cough x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 4c 5 (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)
kanxe kax conjunction x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true 7a 5 (cf. vlina)
karda card x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 9b 5 (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)
krili crystal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 ah 5 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)
kruvi ruv kru curve x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 5d 5 [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)
kuspe kup ku'e range 'span' x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 9b 5 [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)
lante can x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 5c 5 (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)
lanxe lax balance x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) 7j 5 (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli)
pilji pi'i multiply 'multiply' x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 7e 5 (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)
polje plo fold x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 a 5 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna)
ranxi rax irony x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 a 5 (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)
rorci ror procreate x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 4b 5 (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)
ruble rub ble weak 'feeble' x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 5 (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)
sfasa sfa punish 'spank, castigate' x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) a 5 [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)
sfubu sub su'u dive 'swoop' x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 a 5 (cf. farlu, farlu)
sluji slu muscle x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] aa 5 [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)
snipa nip sticky x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive a 5 [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)
sucta suc abstract x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 9e 5 (cf. fatci, xanri)
sufti sfu hoof x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2 ai 5 (cf. xirma)
tabno tab carbon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic ag 5 (cf. kolme)
tinsa stiff x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 6f 5 [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi)
tunba tub sibling x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 4b 5 (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)
vindu vid poison 'venom' x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 a 5 (cf. since)
vitno vi'o permanent 'eternal' x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] 7j 5 [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali)
vreji rej vei record x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 8c 5 (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)
xutla xul smooth x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity 6f 5 (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)
zbabu bab soap x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 (cf. lumci, fonmo)
zbepi zbe pedestal 'base' x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 a 5 [pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)
batke button x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 a 4 (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)
burna embarrassed x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)
cando cad idle x1 is idle/at rest/inactive 8c 4 ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)
carce cart x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 ao 4 (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)
cecla cel ce'a launcher x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] a 4 [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)
critu autumn x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 4 (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)
ctile petroleum 'oil' x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2 a 4 (cf. grasu)
cunmi millet x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 4 (cf. gurni)
dikca dic electric 'charge' x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) 7g 4 [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)
fenso fen fe'o sew x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 a 4 (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)
ganxo gax anus 'asshole/arsehole' x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] aa 4 [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)
genja gej root x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] aj 4 (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)
gento get ge'o Argentinian x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)
janta jat account x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 5g 4 (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)
jikru liquor x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2 2j 4 (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)
kajna shelf 'counter' x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 a 4 (cf. balni)
kalci feces 'shit' x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) aa 4 [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)
karbi kab compare x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) 7e 4 (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)
kliti kit clay x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 ah 4 (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)
kumte camel x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 ai 4 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)
lenjo len le'o lens x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 ao 4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)
mitre tre meter x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 af 4 (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
navni neon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] ag 4 [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)
parbi pab ratio 'rate' x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] 7e 4 [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)
patxu pax pot x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 4 (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded)
pesxu pex paste x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 6f 4 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)
ponjo pon po'o Japanese 'Nippon' x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xazdo, daplu)
ratni rat atom x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 a 4 (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)
rusko ruk ru'o Russian x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. softo, slovo)
santa umbrella x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 ao 4 (cf. carvi, solri)
senci sec sneeze x1 sneezes (intransitive verb) a 4 (cf. bilma, kafke)
sirxo six Syrian x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xrabo)
skori sko cord x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 9f 4 (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)
so soz 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) 3a 4
so'u sot few digit/number: few 7e 4
sorgu sog sorghum x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2 aj 4 (cf. gurni)
tabra trumpet 'brass' x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] ak 4 (cf. zgike)
tsapi seasoning x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) 5b 4 [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)
tsina sin stage x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 5g 4 (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)
tunka tuk copper x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] 5e 4 (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)
tunlo tul tu'o swallow x1 gulps/swallows 5c 4 [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)
tutra tut territory x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 ab 4 (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)
vo von 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) 3a 4
vraga vra lever x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 a 4 (cf. tutci, pulni)
xa xav 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) 3a 4
xarju xaj pig 'hog' x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 ai 4 [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)
xasne sweat x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 aa 4 (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)
ze'e ze'e whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval) at 4
zivle ziv vle invest x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) 8d 4 [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse)
bakfu baf bundle 'pack' x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 9b 3 (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)
balre ba'e blade x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2 a 3 (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)
bi'i biz unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any interval) at 3
ce'o ce'o in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence at 3 (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)
centi cen .01 metric 'centi' x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 3 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
clupa cup loop x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] 9b 3 [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine)
cnisa nis lead x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] ag 3 (cf. jinme, tinci)
crane cra front x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 3 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)
cteki tek ce'i tax x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 8d 3 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, turni)
dadjo daj Taoist x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 ac 3 (cf. lijda, jegvo)
daplu plu island x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular ap 3 (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)
dilcu quotient 'division' x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 7e 3 (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)
friko fi'o African x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. ropno, xazdo)
jetce je'e jet x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 a 3 (cf. sputu, vamtu)
jgalu ja'u claw 'talon' x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] aa 3 (cf. denci, jirna, batci)
jo'u jo'u in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) - 3
julne ju'e net x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 ao 3 [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)
kensa kes outer space x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 am 3 (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)
kliru chlorine x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] ag 3 [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)
kolme kol ko'e coal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 ah 3 (cf. tabno, tarla)
kubli kub cube x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6) 9b 3 (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)
kurfa kur square x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) 9b 3 [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi)
labno wolf 'lobo' x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 ai 3 (cf. gerku)
lanme lan sheep 'lanolin, lamb' x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 ai 3 (cf. kanba, sunla)
linto li'o lightweight x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 3 (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)
mavji mav oats x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
mraji rye x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
mruli mru hammer x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 ao 3 (cf. tutci)
nimre citrus 'lime' x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)
nukni nuk magenta 'fuchsin' x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] 1a 3 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)
panje sponge x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material ah 3 [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf. cokcu for a generalized absorbant)
pimlu pim pi'u feather 'plume' x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 ai 3 (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)
porto pot Portuguese x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. brazo)
racli sane 'rational' x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 a 3 (cf. fenki)
romge rog chrome x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] ag 3 (cf. jinme)
sraku rak scratch x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 a 3 (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali)
sunla sul wool x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2 ai 3 (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)
tapla tile x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 9b 3 [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi)
tengu teg te'u texture x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2 6f 3 (cf. rufsu, xutla)
trene ren re'e train x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 7f 3 [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)
vu vuz yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 4a 3 (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)
xazdo xaz zdo Asiatic x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)
xruba xub buckwheat 'rhubarb' x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. spati)
badna banana x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 aj 2 (cf. grute)
bakri chalk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3 ah 2 (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)
baxso Malay-Indonesian 'Bahasa' x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. meljo, bindo)
budjo buj bu'o Buddhist x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 ac 2 (cf. latna, lijda)
burcu bru brush x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 ao 2 (cf. komcu, pinsi)
cfika fik fi'a fiction x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 8b 2 [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)
cfine wedge x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2 9b 2 (cf. tutci)
cicna cyan x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] 1a 2 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)
cindu oak x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. tricu)
ckabu rubber x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 2 (cf. pruni)
ckilu ci'u scale x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) al 2 (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)
cokcu cko soak up x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant as 2 (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)
falnu fan sail x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 ao 2 [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)
famti aunt or uncle x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation 4b 2 (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)
ganti gonad 'testes' x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 aa 2 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)
ginka gik camp x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 ap 2 (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)
gutra womb 'uterus' x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] aa 2 (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)
guzme guz zme melon x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. grute)
jakne rocket x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 ao 2 (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)
jaspu jap passport x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) ao 2 (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)
jatna ja'a captain x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2 a 2 (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)
jei jez truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2 7a 2 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
jesni jes needle x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 ao 2 (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)
jilka jil alkali x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 6f 2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)
kadno Canadian x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. bemro, glico)
kobli kob ko'i cabbage 'cole-' x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. stagi)
lanbi protein 'albumin' x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) aj 2 (cf. ladru, sovda)
livla lil fuel x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2 7f 2 (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)
lojbo lob jbo Lojbanic x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 1b 2 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)
mapni cotton x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material] ah 2 (cf. bukpu)
margu mag mercury x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
marna hemp 'marijuana' x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)
mifra mif code 'cipher' x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code a 2 [code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)
misro Egyptian 'Mizraim' x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)
mluni lun satellite 'moon' x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 2 (cf. plini, solri, lunra)
molro mo'o mole x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mu mum 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) 3a 2
pandi pad punctuate x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 1h 2 (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)
pijne pin x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 ao 2 (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)
pinji penis x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 aa 2 [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)
respa res reptile x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2 ai 2 (cf. danlu, banfi, since)
rilti ril rhythm x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 a 2 [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)
runme rum melt 'runny' x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 2 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)
sakci sak suck x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 a 2 [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf. cokcu, lacpu, flecu)
samcu cassava 'yam' x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 1a 2 (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)
sarxe sax harmonious x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) a 2 (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)
si'o siz concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] - 2 (cf. sidbo)
silka sik silk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 ah 2 (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)
sinso sine x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2 ar 2 (cf. tanjo)
so'a soj almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) 7e 2
spano san Spanish x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 2 [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)
stace sac honest x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 9c 2 [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri)
stero te'o steradian x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
tamne cousin x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] 4b 2 [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)
tarla tar x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 ah 2 (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)
tirxu tiger x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 ai 2 [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)
vidru vir virus x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 ai 2 (cf. jurme)
xe xel 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places 2a 2
xinmo xim ink x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 ao 2 (cf. penbi)
xispo xip Hispanic x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 ab 2 [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)
xrabo rab Arabic x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)
xukmi xum xu'i chemical x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 ah 2 (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)
za'i zaz state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true - 2 (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)
ze zel 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) 3a 2
zinki zin zi'i zinc x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
zmiku zmi automatic x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 2 (cf. macnu)
balji bulb 'bulge' x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] aj 1 (cf. punli, batke)
barna ba'a mark x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 a 1 [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)
bende bed be'e crew 'band' x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 ap 1 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)
bengo beg Bengali x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo)
bindo bid Indonesian x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)
brazo raz Brazilian x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. porto, ketco)
cidro dro hydrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable] ag 1 (cf. gapci, xukmi)
curve cuv pure x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) 7j 1 [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)
da'a daz all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; (default 1) 7e 1
dugri dug logarithm x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3 ar 1 (cf. tenfa)
filso fis Palestinian 'Philistine' x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. jordo, xebro)
flani flute x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)
fonmo fom fo'o foam x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 a 1 (cf. zbabu)
frinu fraction x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) 7e 1 (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)
fusra fur rotten 'rot' x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented a 1 (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)
garna gar rail 'bar' x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 9b 1 (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)
genxu gex hook x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2 ao 1 (cf. kruvi, korcu)
grake gra gram x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
guska guk scrape x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 as 1 [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra)
gutci guc cubit 'foot' x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits al 1 [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
jalna starch x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. patlu, samcu)
jduli dul jdu jelly x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 ah 1 [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)
jendu jed axle 'spindle' x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 ao 1 (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)
jerxo jex Algerian x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)
jganu jga angle x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 7e 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)
jgena jge knot x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) a 1 [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori)
jgina gin gene x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 a 1 [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)
jgita git guitar 'guitar' x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 ak 1 [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)
jijnu jij intuit x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] 7j 1 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)
jordo jor jo'o Jordanian x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. filso)
jurme jum germ x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 ai 1 (cf. vidru)
karli collar x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 a 1 [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)
kelvo ke'o kelvin x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
kijno kij oxygen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] ag 1 (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)
kilto ki'o 1000 metric 'kilo' x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 1 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli)
kisto kis Pakistani x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xurdo)
komcu kom comb x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 ao 1 (cf. julne, forca, burcu)
korka kok cork x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] ah 1 (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)
lakse lak wax x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 a 1 [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)
latna lotus x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 aj 1 (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)
libjo lib Libyan x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
litce lic liter x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
lubno lu'o Lebanese x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
macnu cnu manual x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. zmiku, jitro)
maksi mak magnet x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 a 1 (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)
meljo mej Malaysian x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. baxso, bindo)
mexno mex Mexican x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)
mirli deer x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 ai 1 (cf. mabru, danlu)
mo'i mov space motion mark motions in space-time - 1
morko mor Moroccan x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
nilce ni'e furniture x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 an 1 (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)
nirna nir nerve x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] aa 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)
nu'o nu'o can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential at 1 (cf. kakne)
pe'a pev figurative marks figurative usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi at 1 [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore omitted place structures]
pinca urine 'piss' x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 aa 1 (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)
plibu pib pubic x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2 aa 1 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)
plixa lix plow x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 ao 1 (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)
polno pol Polynesian x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)
rakso Iraqi x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
ransu bronze x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2 ah 1 (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)
saclu decimal x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) af 1 [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu)
sadjo djo Saudi x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
semto sme Semitic x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo)
sivni siv private x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden a 1 [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri)
skiji sij ski x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 a 1 (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)
skoto kot ko'o Scottish x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico)
so'e sop most digit/number: most 7e 1
sodna sodium x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] ag 1 [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, jinme)
srito Sanskrit x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo, xurdo)
staku tak ceramic x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 ah 1 [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti)
talsa tal challenge x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3 8g 1 (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation)
tansi tas pan x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 1 [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)
tatru tat breast 'teat' x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] aa 1 [nipple (= tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)
tcana station x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 a 1 [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (cf. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri)
tenfa tef exponential x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 ar 1 (cf. dugri)
tinci tin x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] ag 1 (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)
to'e tol to'e polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator 7x 1 (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)
trano nitrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates ag 1 [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)
vamtu vat vomit x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion a 1 (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)
vinji vij airplane x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 7f 1 (cf. vofli, sabnu)
xagri reed x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 ak 1 (cf. zgike)
xalka xal alcohol x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 ah 1 (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)
xarnu stubborn x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) a 1 [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)
xurdo xur xu'o Urdu x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)
zalvi zal grind 'pulverize' x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 a 1 [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki)
zungi zug guilt x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction) 9d 1 (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)
baktu bucket x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 ao 0 (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)
balni balcony x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 a 0 (cf. kajna)
banxa bax bank x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) ap 0 (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)
barja bar x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 ap 0 (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)
bi biv 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) 3a 0
bifce bic bee x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)
bilni bil military x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 a 0 [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)
binra insure x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) a 0 [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)
boxfo bof bo'o sheet 'foil' x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 9b 0 (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)
bratu hail x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 4h 0 [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)
bu bus bu'i word to lerfu convert any single word to BY - 0 (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)
bu'a bul some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 aq 0 (cf. broda, etc.)
bunda bud pound x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 al 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)
ce'i cez percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths 7e 0 (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)
cimde dimension x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 al 0 (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)
civla civ louse x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 ai 0 (cf. cinki, jalra)
ckunu ku'u conifer 'cone' x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 aj 0 (cf. tricu)
cradi radio x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 as 0 [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)
decti dec .1 metric 'deci' x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
dekpu gallon 'peck' x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
dekto dek 10 metric 'deka' x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
delno del de'o candela 'candle-power' x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
dinko di'o nail x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 ao 0 (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)
fancu function x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 7e 0 (cf. mekso, bridi)
fanri factory 'foundry' x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 8c 0 (cf. molki, gundi)
femti fem 1E-15 metric 'femto' x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
fepri lung 'pulmonary' x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] aa 0 [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)
figre fig fig x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)
fo'e fo'e it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) at 0
fo'i fo'i it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) at 0
gigdo gig gi'o 1E9 metric 'giga' x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gocti goc 1E-24 'yocto' x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gotro got 1E24 'yotta' x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gradu rau unit 'degree, grad' x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 7e 0 [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)
greku rek frame x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 a 0 (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)
gundi gud industry x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 8c 0 (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)
jabre brake x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 as 0 (cf. mosra)
janbe jab bell x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 ao 0 [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)
jansu jas diplomat 'consul' x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 a 0 [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)
jbama bam bomb x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 ao 0 (cf. cecla, spoja)
jinku vaccine x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 a 0 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma)
jivbu weave x1 weaves x2 from material/[yarn] x3 as 0 (cf. fenso, nivji)
jmifa shoal 'reef' x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 a 0 [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)
jo jov tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 7a 0
jo'e jom union non-logical connective: union of sets at 0
ju juv tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 7a 0
junta weight x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3 9b 0 (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)
kanji kaj calculate 'reckon' x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 7e 0 (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)
ke'e kep ke'e end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke)
kenra ken cancer x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2 a 0 (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)
klupe lup lu'e screw x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 a 0 [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)
konju kon ko'u cone x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 9b 0 [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu)
kramu acre x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits af 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)
ku'a kuz intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets at 0
lanci flag 'banner' x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 ao 0 (cf. gugde, jecta)
lanka basket x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 ao 0 (cf. vasru, baktu)
li'i liz experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) - 0 (cf. lifri)
livga liver x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. rango, betfu)
lunsa lus condense x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 a 0 (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)
matra motor x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 a 0 (cf. marce, minji, carce)
megdo meg 1E6 metric 'mega' x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mei mem mei cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x3 0 [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (= selmei for reordered places); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [among the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)
mikri mik 1E-6 metric 'micro' x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
milti mil .001 metric 'milli' x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mo'a mob too few digit/number: too few; subjective - 0
molki mlo mill x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 ap 0 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)
mu'e muf point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] - 0
nanvi nav 1E-9 metric 'nano' x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
narge nag nut x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 aj 0 [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)
naxle nax xle canal x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 ap 0 [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu)
nivji niv knit x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 a 0 (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)
no'e nor no'e scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" 7x 0 (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)
nutli nul nu'i neutral x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 8g 0 [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no'e)
pambe pump x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 a 0 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)
petso pet 1E15 metric 'peta' x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
pi piz decimal point digit/number: base point; default decimal 7e 0
pi'u piv cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets at 0
picti pic 1E-12 metric 'pico' x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
pruni pun elastic 'springy' (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy a 0 (cf. ckabu, tcena)
pu'i pus can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential at 0 (cf. kakne)
pu'u puv process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 - 0 (cf. pruce)
pulni pulley x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 ao 0 (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)
punli pul swelling x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 9b 0 [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)
purmo pum pu'o powder x1 is a powder of material x2 9f 0 [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)
radno ra'o radian x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 aj 0 [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
randa rad yield 'surrender' x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 a 0 (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)
rango rag organ x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 aa 0 [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)
rinci drain x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 a 0 [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)
roi rom roi quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense at 0 (cf. rapli)
sabnu cabin x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2 a 0 (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)
sacki match x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2 a 0 (cf. fagri, jelca)
sigja sig cigar x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 a 0 (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)
sitna sit cite x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) 8b 0 (cf. krasi)
slami acid x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic ah 0 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)
slovo lov lo'o Slavic x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)
smani monkey 'simian' x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)
su'e sup su'e at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than 3a 0
su'u suv unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 - 0 (cf. sucta)
tamca tomato x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute, stagi)
tanko tobacco x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. sigja, marna)
terto tet 1E12 metric 'tera' x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
tujli tuj tulip x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. spati)
ve'e ve'e whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interval) at 0
vibna vib vagina x1 is a/the vagina [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)
vlagi lag vulva x1 is a/the vulva [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)
vukro vur vu'o Ukrainian x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. slovo, softo)
xampo xap xa'o ampere x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xatsi xat 1E-18 metric 'atto' x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xexso xex 1E18 metric 'exa' x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro)
xotli xol xoi hotel x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 7f 0 (cf. barja, gusta)
zajba zaj gymnast x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2 a 0 (cf. sluji, dansu)
zargu zag za'u buttock 'arse' x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] aa 0 [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)
ze'o zev ze'o outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... at 0
zepti zep 1E-21 'zepto' x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro)
zetro zet 1E21 'zetta' x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti)
zi'o zil nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics - 0
zo'a zon zo'a tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... at 0 (cf. pencu, tanjo)
zo'i zor zo'i inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... at 0 (cf. nenri, setca)
zu'o zum activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 - 0 (cf. zukte)
01436 Lojban gismu list 9/26/94 01436 Draft dictionary rebaseline posted for review; Logflash format compatible Note: Metaphor usage risks cultural neutrality; physical attributes are safest. Use place structures. rafsi list baselined as of this date. Note: a complete set can be partially specified with etcetera (ce zo'e)
bacru ba'u utter x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 1h 386 [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)]; (cf. krixa, cusku, casnu, tavla, voksa, pinka)
badna banana x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 aj 2 (cf. grute)
badri dri sad x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) 3c 91 (cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)
bajra baj run x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 2b 0 (cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)
bakfu baf bundle 'pack' x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 9b 3 (cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)
bakni bak bovine 'ox' x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 ai 8 (cf. danlu)
bakri chalk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3 ah 2 (cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)
baktu bucket x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 ao 0 (cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)
balji bulb 'bulge' x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] aj 1 (cf. punli, batke)
balni balcony x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 a 0 (cf. kajna)
balre ba'e blade x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2 a 3 (cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)
balvi bav future 'later' x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former 4a 56 [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)
bancu bac beyond x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) 7j 7 [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)
bandu bad defend x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) 8g 9 [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)
banfi amphibian x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2 ai 4 (cf. danlu, respa)
bangu ban bau language x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) 1b 162 [also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)
banli bal ba'i great 'grand' x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 7j 96 [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)
banro ba'o grow x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 8f 26 [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)
banxa bax bank x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) ap 0 (cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)
banzu baz suffice x1 (object) suffices/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 3m 89 (cf. dukse, claxu, nitcu, ricfu, curmi)
bapli bap bai force 'compel' x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest as 20 [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)
barda bra big 'large' x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 318 (cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)
bargu bag arch x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 9b 9 [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)
barja bar x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 ap 0 (cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)
barna ba'a mark x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 a 0 [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)
bartu bar out x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 1e 82 (cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)
basna emphasize 'accent' x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 1h 16 [also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)
basti bas replace 'substitute' x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute 3m 35 [also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba'i, binra)
batci bat bite x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 5c 83 [bite through (= ka'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)
batke button x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 a 2 (cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)
bavmi barley x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
baxso Malay-Indonesian 'Bahasa' x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. meljo, bindo)
bebna beb foolish 'boob' x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob 5g 69 (cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)
bemro bem be'o North American x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)
bende bed be'e crew 'band' x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 ap 1 (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe'e, balzgibe'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)
bengo beg Bengali x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo)
benji bej be'i transfer 'send' x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 4i 79 [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier]; (cf. muvdu, dunda, mrilu, nirna, xruti, cradi, tivni, preja, cmavo list be'i, bevri, mrilu, tcana)
bersa bes be'a son x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] 4b 29 [also filial]; (cf. verba, nanla, nakni, nanmu, patfu, mamta, bruna, rirni, rorci, panzi, tixnu)
berti ber north x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 91 (cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)
besna ben brain x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] aa 17 [also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)
betfu bef be'u abdomen 'belly' x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] 1c 9 [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)
betri bet tragedy 'tragic' x1 is a tragedy/disaster/tragic for x2 4c 53 (cf. badri, xlali, morsi, binra)
bevri bev bei carry 'bear' x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] 2b 149 [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)
bi biv 8 digit/number: 8 (digit) 3a 0
bi'i biz unordered interval non-logical interval connective: unordered between ... and ... (rafsi represents any interval) at 0
bidju bead x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 9b 19 (cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)
bifce bic bee x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)
bikla bik whip 'beat, lash' x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] ao 24 (cf. skori, darxi)
bilga big obliged x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 8c 34 [also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)
bilma bi'a ill x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 4c 22 (cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)
bilni bil military x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 a 0 [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)
bindo bid Indonesian x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)
binra insure x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) a 0 [also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or binryvelve'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)
binxo bix bi'o become x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 2c 217 [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for causal, stika for non-resultative, non-causal change; zasni)
birje beer x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2 2j 13 (cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)
birka bir arm x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] 1c 57 [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)
birti bit certain x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true 3l 31 (cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)
bisli bis ice x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 5b 43 [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)
bitmu bim bi'u wall x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 1h 152 (cf. jbini, sepli, fendi, canko, drudi, kumfa, loldi, senta, snuji, pagre, gacri, kuspe, marbi, vorme)
blabi lab white x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] 1a 107 [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)]; (cf. skari, xekri, grusi, kandi, manku, carmi, bakri, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
blaci glass x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2 6b 5 (cf. kabri)
blanu bla blue x1 is blue [color adjective] 1a 132 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)
bliku bli block x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 9b 8 [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)
bloti lot blo lo'i boat x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 7f 33 (cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)
bo bor short scope link short scope joiner; joins various constructs with shortest scope and right grouping 8a 0
bolci bol boi ball x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] 9b 36 [also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)
bongu bog bo'u bone x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] aa 3 [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le <body-part>); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)
botpi bot bo'i bottle x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 1f 79 (cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)
boxfo bof bo'o sheet 'foil' x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 9b 0 (cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)
boxna bon bo'a wave x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 9b 14 (cf. slilu, dikni, cinje, polje, morna, canre)
bradi enemy 'adversary' x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 2i 8 (cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)
bratu hail x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 4h 0 [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)
brazo raz Brazilian x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. porto, ketco)
bredi red bre ready x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event) 9c 36 (cf. spaji, jukpa)
bridi bri predicate x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 1b1172 [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified); (cf. sumti, fancu)
brife bif bi'e breeze x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 4h 66 (cf. tcima)
briju bij office 'bureau' x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 8c 54 (cf. jibri, gunka)
brito rit British x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 54 (cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)
broda rod predicate var 1 1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 134 (cf. cmavo list bu'a)
brode bo'e predicate var 2 2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 24
brodi predicate var 3 3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 10
brodo predicate var 4 4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
brodu predicate var 5 5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure) ad 5
bruna bun bu'a brother x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological] 4b 110 (cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)
bu bus bu'i word to lerfu convert any single word to BY - (cf. cmavo list selma'o BY)
bu'a bul some selbri 1 logically quantified predicate variable: some selbri 1 aq 0 (cf. broda, etc.)
budjo buj bu'o Buddhist x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 ac 2 (cf. latna, lijda)
bukpu buk bu'u cloth x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2 3f 20 (cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)
bumru bum fog x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 4h 5 (cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)
bunda bud pound x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 al 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)
bunre bur bu'e brown x1 is brown/tan [color adjective] 1a 63 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
burcu bru brush x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 ao 1 (cf. komcu, pinsi)
burna embarrassed x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)
ca'a caz actually is modal aspect: actuality/ongoing event at 0 (cf. cabna, cmavo list ca)
cabna cab now x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time 4a 69 [(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca'a)
cabra ca'a apparatus x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) 7g 5 [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)
cacra hour x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 3e 21 (cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
cadzu dzu walk x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 1g 174 (cf. stapa, bajra, klama, litru)
cafne caf often x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 6f 11 (cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso'iroi and similar compounds)
cakla chocolate x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa 2j 8 (cf. ckafi)
calku cak shell x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 9f 24 (cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)
canci vanish x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 a 22 [also leaves, goes away (one sense)]; (cf. cliva, ganse, zgana, lebna, vimcu)
cando cad idle x1 is idle/at rest/inactive 8c 4 ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)
cange cag farm 'grange, agrarian' x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian ap 10 [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)
canja caj exchange x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman 8d 12 [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)
canko ca'o window x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 1f 153 (cf. vorme, bitmu, ganlo, murta, pagre, kevna, jvinu, kalri, kuspe)
canlu cal ca'u space 'volume' x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 al 18 [also occupy (= selca'u)] (cf. kensa, bliku, kumfa, kevna, kunti, tubnu, dekpu)
canpa cna shovel x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 ao 6 (cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)
canre can sand x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 [also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)
canti gut 'entrails' x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 aa 5 [metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)
carce cart x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 ao 3 (cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)
carmi cam cai intense x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 1a 143 [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
carna car turn x1 turns/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 1g 48 [also revolve (= jincarna)]; (cf. gunro, jendu)
cartu cat chart x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 5d 7 (cf. platu)
carvi cav rain x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] 4h 107 (cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)
casnu snu discuss x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 1h 107 [also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)
catke ca'e shove x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 8h 9 [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)
catlu cta look x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 1g 259 [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)
catni ca'i authority x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 8c 6 (cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca'i, jaspu, pulji)
catra kill 'slaughter' x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 8g 82 (cf. morsi, xarci)
caxno cax shallow x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 10 (cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)
ce cec in a set with non-logical connective: set link, unordered; "and also", but forming a set at 0 (cf. cmima, cmavo list ce'o)
ce'i cez percent digit/number: % percentage symbol, hundredths 7e 0 (cf. saclu, centi, parbi, frinu)
ce'o ce'o in a sequence with non-logical connective: ordered sequence link; "and then", forming a sequence at 0 (cf. porsi, cmavo list ce)
cecla cel ce'a launcher x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] a 4 [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)
cecmu cem ce'u community x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2 7c 33 (cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)
cedra era x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) a 9 (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)
cenba cne vary x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 2c 38 [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change]; (cf. cenba which is non-resultative, galfi which is resultative and causal, stika which is non-resultative and causal; stodi, zasni, binxo)
censa ces holy 'sacred' x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 ac 58 (cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)
centi cen .01 metric 'centi' x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 3 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
cerda ced heir x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 a 13 [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)
cerni cer morning x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 35 [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)
certu cre expert x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 8c 63 [also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)
cevni cev cei god 'divinity' x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine ac 197 [also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)
cfari cfa initiate x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) 2c 104 (cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)
cfika fik fi'a fiction x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 8b 2 [also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)
cfila cfi flaw x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 7j 19 (cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)
cfine wedge x1 is a wedge [shape/form/tool] of material x2 9b 2 (cf. tutci)
cfipu fi'u confusing x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) 1h 64 (cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)
ci cib 3 digit/number: 3 (digit) 3a 0
ciblu blu blood x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2 4c 39 (cf. risna, flecu)
cicna cyan x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] 1a 2 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)
cidja dja food 'feed' x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 5b 78 (cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)
cidni cid knee x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 1c 8 [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)
cidro dro hydrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable] ag 1 (cf. gapci, xukmi)
cifnu cif infant x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 3b 22 [also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)
cigla cig gland x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 aa 8 [secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)
cikna cik awake (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious 6m 47 (cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)
cikre repair 'fix' x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 8c 13 [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)
ciksi cki explain x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) 1h 53 [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)
cilce cic wild (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed 6c 30 [tame (= tolcilce)]; (cf. pinfu, panpi, tarti)
cilmo cim moist x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2 6f 53 (cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)
cilre cli learn x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process) 1h 85 (cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)
cilta cil thread 'filament' x1 is a thread/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2 9b 8 (cf. fenso, nivji, skori, silka)
cimde dimension x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 al 0 (cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)
cimni infinite x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 al 17 [also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)
cinba kiss 'buss' x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3 5g 17 (cf. ctebi)
cindu oak x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. tricu)
cinfo lion x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. mlatu)
cinje cij wrinkle x1 is a wrinkle/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2 9b 5 (cf. korcu, polje, boxfo, boxna)
cinki insect x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] 6c 17 (cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)
cinla thin 'lean' x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] 6f 7 (cf. rotsu, jarki, tordu, cmalu, caxno, plana, jarki)
cinmo cni emotion x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 9d 91 [also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)
cinri ci'i interesting 'interests' x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 8b 62 [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)
cinse cin sexual x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 5g 48 [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)
cinta paint x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 a 6 (cf. pixra, skari)
cinza tongs x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 ao 6 (cf. tutci)
cipni cpi bird x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2 6c 119 (cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)
cipra cip test 'proof' x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individ./set/mass) 7e 48 [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)]; (cf. ciksi, troci, jarco, pajni, saske)
cirko cri lose x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 8g 39 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)
cirla cheese x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2 5b 20 (cf. ladru)
ciska ci'a write 'scribe' x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe 1h 270 [also x3 writing surface]; (cf. papri, penbi, pinsi, tcidu, xatra, pixra, prina, finti for 'author' or specific authorial works, barna, pinka)
cisma smile x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) 1g 39 [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)]; (cf. xajmi, cmila, frumu)
ciste ci'e system x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set) displaying x4 (ka) 7e 26 [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] (cf. cmavo list ci'e, cmima, girzu, gunma, stura, tadji, munje, farvi, ganzu, judri, julne, klesi, morna, tcana)
citka cti eat x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 5c 320 (cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)
citno cit ci'o young 'junior' x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 2c 146 [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior]; (cf. cnino, slabu, verba)
citri cir history x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 a 22 [also historic/historical (= cirtermo'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga)
citsi season x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 3e 15 [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)
civla civ louse x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 ai 0 (cf. cinki, jalra)
cizra ciz strange 'bizarre' x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 103 [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic]; (cf. ranxi, rirci, fange, banli)
ckabu rubber x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. pruni)
ckafi kaf coffee x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 2j 23 [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)
ckaji kai quality x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 3b 128 [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)
ckana cka bed x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) an 111 (cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)
ckape cap peril x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 a 17 [x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)
ckasu cas ridicule 'scoff' x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) 5g 30 (cf. cmila)
ckeji kej cke ashamed x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 9d 2 (cf. cinmo)
ckiku kik key x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 ao 20 [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)
ckilu ci'u scale x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) al 2 (cf. cmavo list ci'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)
ckini ki'i related 'akin, kin' x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 2g 46 (cf. cmavo list ki'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)
ckire kir grateful x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) 2l 53 [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka)
ckule kul cu'e school x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5 1h 95 [also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)
ckunu ku'u conifer 'cone' x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 aj 0 (cf. tricu)
cladu lau loud x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 2g 93 (cf. savru)
clani cla long x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 90 (cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)
claxu cau without 'lack' x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less 2g 145 (cf. cmavo list cau, cirko, kunti, nitcu, pindi, banzu)
clika mossy x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy aj 8 (cf. mledi)
clira lir early x1 (event) is early by standard x2 2g 35 (cf. lerci)
clite lit polite x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 9c 37 [also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)
cliva liv li'a leave x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 1g 115 [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)
clupa cup loop x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] 9b 3 [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine)
cmaci mathematics x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2 7e 10 (cf. mekso)
cmalu cma small x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 1e 326 (cf. caxno, cinla, jarki, tordu, barda)
cmana ma'a mountain x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2 6c 85 (cf. punli, derxi)
cmavo ma'o structure word x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in usage (language) x4 1b1008 [x4 may be a specific usage (with an embedded language place) or a massified language description; x3 and x4 may be merely an example of cmavo usage or refer to an actual expression; cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi, ma'orselste)]; (cf. gismu, lujvo, gerna, smuni, valsi)
cmene cme me'e name x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) 1b 265 [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)
cmila mi'a laugh 'smile' x1 laughs (emotional expression) 1g 64 [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)
cmima mim cmi member x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 7c 117 [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)
cmoni cmo co'i moan x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) 4c 32 [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)
cnano na'o norm x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 7e 10 [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)
cnebo neb ne'o neck x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point] 1c 6 (cf. galxe, cutne)
cnemu nem ne'u reward x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 a 39 [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, posyvelne'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)
cnici nic orderly 'neat' x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) 7j 20 (cf. cunso, kalsa)
cnino nin ni'o new x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty 2c 126 (cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)
cnisa nis lead x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] ag 3 (cf. jinme, tinci)
cnita nit ni'a beneath x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 2d 139 [also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)
co col tanru inversion tanru inversion operator; "... of type ..."; allows modifier trailing sumti without sumti links -
co'a co'a initiative interval event contour: at the starting point of ...; initiative >|< | - [beginning (= co'a(r)-)]; (cf. cfari, krasi, clira)
co'e com co'e unspecif bridi elliptical/unspecified bridi relationship at 0
co'u co'u cessative interval event contour: at the ending point of ... even if not done; cessative | >< | - [ending (= co'u(r)-)]; (cf. sisti, fanmo)
cokcu cko soak up x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant as 2 (cf. panje, sakci, lacpu)
condi con cno coi deep x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 6c 57 (cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)
cortu cor cro pain 'hurt' x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 4c 41 (cf. cinmo, xrani)
cpacu cpa get 'acquire' x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] 2b 143 [also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)
cpana upon x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 1e 63 (x1 may be object or event); (cf. se vasru, jbini, zvati, nenri, vreta, ckana, diklo, jibni, lamji, zutse, punji for lay upon, sarji, zbepi)
cpare par climb x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] 2b 56 (cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)
cpedu cpe request x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 1h 72 [also demand (= mi'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)
cpina pungent x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2 5c 35 [also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)
cradi radio x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 as 0 [also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)
crane cra front x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 0 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)
creka cek shirt x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 3f 13 (cf. taxfu)
crepu rep harvest 'reap' x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 as 2 (cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)
cribe rib bear x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2 ai 125 (cf. danlu, mabru)
crida rid fairy x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 ac 4 [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)
crino ri'o green x1 is green/verdant [color adjective] 1a 92 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)
cripu rip bridge x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] ao 37 (cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)
crisa cis summer x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 25 (cf. citsi, critu, dunra, vensa)
critu autumn x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 4 (cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)
ctaru tide x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 a 7 (cf. xamsi)
ctebi teb lip 'labial' x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial aa 10 (cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)
cteki tek ce'i tax x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 8d 3 [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] (cf. pleji, flalu, turni)
ctile petroleum 'oil' x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2 a 4 (cf. grasu)
ctino ti'o shadow 'shade' x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 a 27 (cf. manku, gusni)
ctuca ctu teach x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) 1h 72 [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical]; (cf. ckule, cilre, tadni)
cukla cuk round 'circular' x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring 9b 16 [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)
cukta cku book x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 1f 163 [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)
culno clu full x1 is full/completely filled with x2 2g 58 (cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)
cumki cum cu'i possible 'maybe' x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe 3j 78 [also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)
cumla cul humble 'humility' x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 9c 1 (cf. cinmo, jgira)
cunmi millet x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
cunso cun cu'o random 'chance' x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 7e 23 [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)
cuntu cu'u affair x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2's business 8d 6 [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)
cupra pra produce x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3 8f 22 (cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)
curmi cru let 'permit' x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 8e 57 [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)
curnu cur worm x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 ai 12 [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike]; (cf. since, silka)
curve cuv pure x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) 7j 0 [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)
cusku cus sku express x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 1h 872 [also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)
cutci cuc shoe x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 3f 28 [also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)
cutne cut chest x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 aa 16 (cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)
cuxna cux cu'a choose x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) 2f 77 [also prefer (= nelcu'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)
da dav dza something 1 logically quantified existential pro-sumti: there exists something 1 (usually restricted) 5a 0
da'a daz all except digit/number: all except n; all but n; (default 1) 7e 0
dacru dac drawer x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 ao 14 (cf. nilce, tanxe)
dacti dai object 'thing' x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing 1f 44 (cf. marji, xanri)
dadjo daj Taoist x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 ac 3 (cf. lijda, jegvo)
dakfu dak knife x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 1f 19 (cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)
dakli sack x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 3f 27 (cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)
damba dab da'a fight 'combat' x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant 8g 30 [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)
damri drum x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 ak 9 (cf. rilti, zgike)
dandu dad hang 'dangle, suspend' x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 7j 54 [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)
danfu daf answer x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 1h 58 (cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)
danlu dal da'u animal x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate 6c 61 (cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)
danmo dam smoke x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 4h 31 [x2 may be a fire]; (cf. pulce, gapci, sigja, bumru)
danre da'e pressure x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 a 3 [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)
dansu dance x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 5g 55 (cf. bende, zgike, zajba)
danti dan projectile x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 ao 6 [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)
daplu plu island x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular ap 3 (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)
dapma dap curse 'damn' x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 a 22 [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)
dargu dag road x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) 5d 69 [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)
darlu dau argue x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] 3j 57 (cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)
darno dar da'o far x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka) 2g 69 (cf. jibni)
darsi audacity 'dare' x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) a 6 [x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)
darxi dax da'i hit x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 1g 105 (cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)
daski pocket x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2 3f 10 (cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)
dasni das wear x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 3f 71 [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)]; (cf. taxfu)
daspo spo destroy 'despoil' x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive 4c 41 (cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)
dasri sri ribbon x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 3f 29 (cf. djine)
datka duck x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2 ai 20 (cf. cipni)
datni data x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 8b 14 [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)
decti dec .1 metric 'deci' x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
degji deg finger 'digit' x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] 1c 15 [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),
dejni dej owe 'debt-or' x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor 8d 5 (cf. jbera, janta, zivle)
dekpu gallon 'peck' x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
dekto dek 10 metric 'deka' x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
delno del de'o candela 'candle-power' x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
dembi deb bean x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 5b 47 (cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)
denci den de'i tooth 'dental' x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is dental aa 30 (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu); (cf. moklu, dakfu, pagre, jgalu, batci, bongu)
denmi dem dense x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 7j 48 (cf. carmi, midju, viknu)
denpa dep de'a wait 'pause' x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) 1h 112 [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4]; (cf. dicra, fanmo, sisti, fliba, pandi)
dertu der de'u dirt x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 ah 100 [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)
derxi dre heap x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 3m 15 (cf. cmana)
desku des shake x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 1g 46 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)
detri det date x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 3e 29 (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)
dicra dir interrupt 'disturb, disrupt' x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 4d 60 [also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)
dikca dic electric 'charge' x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative) 7g 4 [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)
diklo klo local x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 5d 426 [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)
dikni dik regular 'cyclical' x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 9b 6 [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)
dilcu quotient 'division' x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 7e 3 (cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)
dilnu dil cloud x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 4h 28 (cf. carvi, tcima)
dimna dim fate 'doom' x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 a 8 [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)
dinju dij di'u building x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2 2k 153 (cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)
dinko di'o nail x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 ao 0 (x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)
dirba dib dear x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 9d 18 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)
dirce di'e radiate x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3 7j 14 (cf. gusni)
dirgo dig drop x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 4h 15 (cf. daplu, bidju)
dizlo diz dzi low x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 91 [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)
djacu jac jau water 'aqua-' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] 4h 106 [aquatic (= jaupli)]; (cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, limna, litki, lumci, bumru, jinto)
djedi dje dei full day x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal 3e 159 [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)
djica dji desire x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 3l 500 [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)
djine jin ring x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4 9b 6 [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)
djuno jun ju'o know x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 1h 375 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)
do don doi you pro-sumti: you listener(s); identified by vocative 1d 0
donri dor do'i daytime x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) 3e 14 (cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)
dotco dot do'o German 'Deutsch' x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 12 (cf. ropno)
draci drama x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 5g 19 [x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika)
drani dra correct 'right' x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 1h 91 (cf. srera, mapti)
drata dat other x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else 2g 351 (cf. mintu, frica)
drudi rud dru roof x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 2k 30 (cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)
du dub du'o same identity as identity selbri; = sign; x1 identically equals x2, x3, etc.; attached sumti refer to same thing 1 0 [It is very un-Lojbanic to translate the generic English copula 'is' by this word]; (cf. mintu)
du'u dum bridi abstract abstractor: predication/bridi abstractor; x1 is predication [bridi] expressed in sentence x2 at 0 (cf. mintu, dunli)
dugri dug logarithm x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3 ar 1 (cf. tenfa)
dukse dus du'e excess x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 3m 178 [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)
dukti dut opposite 'contrary' x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) 3j 20 (cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)
dunda dud du'a give 'donate' x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] 2b 217 [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu'a, posyseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)
dunja duj freeze 'jell' x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 4h 27 (cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)
dunku duk du'u anguish x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 4d 25 (cf. fengu, surla)
dunli dun du'i equal x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 6k 93 [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)
dunra dur winter x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 3e 18 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, vensa)
dzena dze elder x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents 4b 12 (cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)
dzipo zip zi'o Antarctican x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)
facki fak fa'i discover 'find' x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) 4d 128 (cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)
fadni fad ordinary x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 14 [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)
fagri fag fire x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) a 52 (cf. jelca, sacki)
falnu fan sail x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 ao 2 [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)]; (cf. bloti)
famti aunt or uncle x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation 4b 2 (cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)
fancu function x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 7e 0 (cf. mekso, bridi)
fange alien 'foreign' x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) 6f 57 (cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)
fanmo fam fa'o end 'final' x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] 2c 80 [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)
fanri factory 'foundry' x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 8c 0 (cf. molki, gundi)
fanta prevent x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring 8g 10 (cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)
fanva translate x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 1h 83 (cf. cusku, bangu)
fanza faz annoy x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 a 46 [also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)
fapro fap pro oppose x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract) a 17 [also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)
farlu fal fa'u fall x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 2b 141 [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)
farna far fa'a direction x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 5d 22 [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)
farvi fav develop 'evolve' x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 8f 16 (cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)
fasnu fau event 'happen' x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence 3b 234 (cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)
fatci fac fact x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute 3j 38 (cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)
fatne fat fa'e reverse x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) 3j 10 [also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'e, dukti)
fatri fai distribute x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) 8c 22 [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)
febvi feb boil x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 9 [roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)
femti fem 1E-15 metric 'femto' x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
fendi fed divide x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4 9b 50 [also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)
fengu feg fe'u angry x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) 3c 40 (cf. fanza, dunku)
fenki fek crazy 'frenzy' x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 4d 15 (cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)
fenra fer fe'a crack x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 9b 106 (cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)
fenso fen fe'o sew x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 a 4 (x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)
fepni fep fei cent 'penny' x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 5e 36 [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
fepri lung 'pulmonary' x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] aa 0 [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)
ferti fre fertile x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific a 15 [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)
festi fes waste x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) a 20 [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)]; (cf. xaksu, kalci, pinca)
fetsi fet fe'i female 'fem-' x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine 4b 13 (cf. nakni)
figre fig fig x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)
filso fis Palestinian 'Philistine' x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. jordo, xebro)
finpe fip fi'e fish 'fin' x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] 5b 46 (cf. danlu)
finti fin fi'i invent x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 8b 120 [x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)
flalu fla law x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 8d 5 [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)
flani flute x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)
flecu fle flow 'flush' x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4 a 85 [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)
fliba fli fail 'baffle' x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 8g 4 [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti)
flira fir face x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial 1c 45 (cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)
fo'a fo'a it-6 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #6 (specified by goi) at 0
fo'e fo'e it-7 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #7 (specified by goi) at 0
fo'i fo'i it-8 pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #8 (specified by goi) at 0
foldi flo foi field x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 9b 24 [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)
fonmo fom fo'o foam x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 a 1 (cf. zbabu)
fonxa fon telephone x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 2n 40 (cf. tcana)
forca fro fork x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 5c 16 (cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)
fraso fas French 'France' x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 19 (cf. ropno)
frati fra react x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive 2b 21 [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)
fraxu fax forgive x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3 4d 25 (cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)
frica fic differ x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 2g 46 [also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)
friko fi'o African x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. ropno, xazdo)
frili fil easy 'freely' x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily 1i 63 (cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)
frinu fraction x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) 7e 1 (cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)
friti fit offer x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 8d 12 [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)
frumu fru frown x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) 4d 5 [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma)
fukpi fuk fu'i copy x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) 8b 7 (cf. krefu, rapli, gidva); [borrowing (=fu'ivla)]
fulta ful flu float x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant 7f 7 (cf. limna, bloti, sakli)
funca fun fu'a luck 'fortune' x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) 4d 17 (cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)
fusra fur rotten 'rot' x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented a 1 (cf. birje, vanju, vifne)
fuzme fuz fu'e responsible x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 8c 55 (cf. bilga)
gacri gai cover x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 9f 83 (cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)
gadri gad article x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 2a 11 [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo)
galfi gaf ga'i modify 'alter' x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 2c 97 [causal, resultative change; agentive modification (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily causal change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)
galtu gal ga'u high x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 2d 123 [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)
galxe throat 'gullet' x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] aa 6 (cf. cnebo, kevna, tunlo)
ganlo ga'o closed x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 28 [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)
ganra gan broad x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 76 (cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)
ganse gas ga'e sense x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 4d 70 [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu)
ganti gonad 'testes' x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 aa 2 [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)
ganxo gax anus 'asshole/arsehole' x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] aa 4 [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)
ganzu gaz organize x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 8c 16 [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)
gapci gac gas x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 6b 7 [x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)
gapru gap above 'up' x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 2d 202 (cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)
garna gar rail 'bar' x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 9b 0 (cf. kamju, grana, tutci)
gasnu gau do x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 2e 142 (cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)
gasta gat steel x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains steel of composition including x2 6b 19 (cf. jinme, molki, tirse)
genja gej root x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] aj 2 (cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)
gento get ge'o Argentinian x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xispo, ketco, spano)
genxu gex hook x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2 ao 0 (cf. kruvi, korcu)
gerku ger ge'u dog x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 ai 175 (cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)
gerna gen ge'a grammar x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 1h 91 (cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)
gidva gid gi'a guide x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) 5d 17 [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)
gigdo gig gi'o 1E9 metric 'giga' x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
ginka gik camp x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 ap 0 (cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)
girzu gir gri group x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 7c 94 [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)
gismu gim gi'u root word x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 1b 554 [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)
glare gla hot 'warm' x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 2g 0 [warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)]; (cf. lenku)
gleki gek gei happy 'gay' x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) 3c 170 [adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)
gletu let gle copulate 'coitus' x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 as 33 [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)
glico gic gli English x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 1b 35 [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)
gluta glu glove x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 ao 0 [mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)
gocti goc 1E-24 'yocto' x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gotro got 1E24 'yotta' x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
gradu rau unit 'degree, grad' x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 7e 0 [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension]; (cf. ckilu, kantu, kelvo, merli, ranti, selci)
grake gra gram x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
grana ga'a rod x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 9b 37 (cf. garna)
grasu ras grease x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2 6b 10 (cf. ctile, matne, plana)
greku rek frame x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 a 0 (cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)
grusi rus gray x1 is gray [color adjective] 1a 48 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)
grute rut fruit x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2 6c 19 (cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre)
gubni gub public x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) 8c 7 (cf. sivni)
gugde gug gu'e country x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) ab 81 [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)
gundi gud industry x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 8c 0 (cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)
gunka gun gu'a work x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 8c 174 [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. sazri, gasnu, se jibri; zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai, briju, jibri, lazni, selfu)
gunma gum jointly 'mass' x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly 5a 25 [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)
gunro gur gu'o roll 'trundle' x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller as 10 (cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)
gunse goose x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. cipni)
gunta gut attack x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 8g 21 (cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)
gurni gru grain x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 aj 71 (cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)
guska guk scrape x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 as 1 [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra)
gusni gus gu'i illumine 'light' x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 4d 151 [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)
gusta restaurant x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 5c 45 (cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)
gutci guc cubit 'foot' x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits al 0 [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
gutra womb 'uterus' x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] aa 2 (cf. jbena, rorci, sovda, tarbi, ganti, mabla)
guzme guz zme melon x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute)
ja jav tanru or logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought or 7a 0
jabre brake x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 as 0 (cf. mosra)
jadni jad ja'i adorn x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated 3f 64 [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke)
jakne rocket x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 ao 1 (cf. cecla, danti, spoja)
jalge jag ja'e result x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) 6a 56 [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja'e, ciksi)
jalna starch x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of starch from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 1 (cf. patlu, samcu)
jalra cockroach x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 ai 13 [also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)
jamfu jaf jma foot x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal 1c 47 (cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)
jamna jam war x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 8g 17 (cf. bradi, gunta, panpi, damba, darlu)
janbe jab bell x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 ao 0 [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)
janco jan shoulder x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 aa 22 (cf. birka)
janli jal collide x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 4c 19 (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi)
jansu jas diplomat 'consul' x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 a 0 [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)
janta jat account x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 5g 4 (cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)
jarbu suburb x1 is a suburban area of city/metropolis x2 a 9 (cf. nurma, se tcadu, ve tcadu)
jarco ja'o show x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 8c 85 [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)
jarki jak narrow x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 6f 37 (cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)
jaspu jap passport x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) ao 2 (cf. pikta, catni, curmi)
jatna ja'a captain x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2 a 1 (cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)
javni jva rule x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 7e 11 [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)
jbama bam bomb x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 ao 0 (cf. cecla, spoja)
jbari jba berry x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 5b 12 (cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)
jbena jbe born 'bear' x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 4b 77 [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)
jbera jer borrow x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 3m 6 [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle)
jbini bin bi'i between x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) 2d 28 [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)
jdari jar firm 'hard' x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 6f 55 (cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)
jdice jdi decide x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) 2f 83 (cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)
jdika decrease x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 5 (cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)
jdima di'a price x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4 8d 15 [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi'a, posyseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for 'cost', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji)
jdini din di'i money 'dinero' x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal 5e 44 ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)
jduli dul jdu jelly x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 ah 1 [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)
je jev jve tanru and logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought and 7a 0
jecta jec je'a polity 'state' x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] ab 10 [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)
jeftu jef week x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 3e 33 [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)]; (cf. detri, djedi, masti, nanca)
jegvo jeg je'o Jehovist x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 ac 24 [also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)
jei jez truth abstract abstractor: truth-value abstractor; x1 is truth value of [bridi] under metaphysics x2 7a 0 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]
jelca jel burn x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 a 9 [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)
jemna jme gem x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 6c 30 [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)
jenca jen shock x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2 4c 20 (cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)
jendu jed axle 'spindle' x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 ao 1 (cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)
jenmi jem jei army x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) a 13 (cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)
jerna earn x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) 8c 8 [also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)
jersi je'i chase 'pursue' x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 as 24 [x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)
jerxo jex Algerian x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)
jesni jes needle x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 ao 2 (cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)
jetce je'e jet x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 a 3 (cf. sputu, vamtu)
jetnu jet je'u true x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 59 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. stace, jitfa, fatci, birti, cfika)
jgalu ja'u claw 'talon' x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] aa 2 (cf. denci, jirna, batci)
jganu jga angle x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 7e 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)
jgari jai grasp 'grip' x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) 5g 60 [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)
jgena jge knot x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) a 0 [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori)
jgina gin gene x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 a 1 [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)
jgira jgi pride x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) 9d 4 [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada)
jgita git guitar 'guitar' x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 ak 1 [also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)
jibni jbi near x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 2d 95 (cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)
jibri jib job x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 2n 45 [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities)
jicla stir x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 as 8 [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)]; (cf. fanza, tunta, mixre)
jicmu cmu basis x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 7j 56 [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)
jijnu jij intuit x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] 7j 1 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)
jikca jik socialize 'social' x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 2n 170 (cf. tarti, penmi)
jikru liquor x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2 2j 3 (cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)
jilka jil alkali x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 6f 2 [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)
jilra jealous x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) 9d 4 (cf. cinmo)
jimca jic branch 'limb' x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] 6c 22 [also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)
jimpe jmi understand 'comprehend' x1 understands/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 1h 148 (cf. djuno, jijnu, morna, smuni, saske, viska)
jimte jit limit x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 7e 15 [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini)
jinci shears x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2 6f 5 (cf. katna)
jinga jig ji'a win 'gain' x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 8g 71 [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyji'a, posyselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. cirko, jivna, talsa, cnemu, prali, pleji, sfasa, jdima, jerna, bradi, kargu, kelci)
jinku vaccine x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 a 0 [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] (cf. jurme, mikce, jesni, bilma)
jinme jim metal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2 ah 6 [(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva)
jinru jir immerse x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 6c 11 [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa)
jinsa jis clean x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 5g 14 (cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)
jinto well x1 is a well/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 a 12 (cf. krasi, djacu, fenra)
jinvi jiv ji'i opine x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 3l 161 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)
jinzi jiz innate x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 7j 10 (cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka'e, tcaci)
jipci chicken x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 5b 18 (cf. cipni)
jipno jip ji'o tip 'point' x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/end [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 9b 3 (cf. mokca, jesni, fanmo, kojna, krasi)
jirna horn x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] ai 9 (cf. jgalu, bongu)
jisra juice x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 2j 6 [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)
jitfa jif false x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 3j 15 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)
jitro tro control x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) 8c 26 [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura)
jivbu weave x1 weaves x2 from material/[yarn] x3 as 0 (cf. fenso, nivji)
jivna jvi compete 'rival' x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 8g 48 [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)
jmaji jaj gather x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) 3m 26 [also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)
jmifa shoal 'reef' x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 a 0 [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)
jmina min add 'augment' x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3 5c 52 (cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)
jmive miv ji'e live x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing 4c 149 [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)
jo jov tanru iff logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought biconditional/iff/if-and-only-if 7a 0
jo'e jom union non-logical connective: union of sets at 0
jo'u jo'u in common with non-logical connective: in common with; along with (unmixed) -
joi jol joi in a mass with non-logical connective: mixed conjunction; "and" meaning "mixed together", forming a mass aq 0
jordo jor jo'o Jordanian x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. filso)
jorne jon jo'e joined x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union 6f 34 [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)
ju juv tanru whether logical connective: tanru-internal afterthought whether-or-not 7a 0
jubme jub jbu table x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 1f 49 (cf. ckana, jamfu, nilce, zbepi, tsina, stizu)
judri address x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 5d 25 (cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)
jufra juf ju'a sentence 'phrase' x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 1h 111 [phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)
jukni juk spider 'arachnid' x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 ai 11 (cf. cinki, danlu)
jukpa jup cook x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) 5c 57 [cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)
julne ju'e net x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 ao 3 [also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)
jundi jud ju'i attentive 'attend' x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 4d 76 (cf. kurji, zvati)
jungo jug Chinese x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 10 (cf. xazdo)
junla jul clock x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 3e 5 [also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)
junri jur serious x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) 9d 12 [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)
junta weight x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3 9b 0 (cf. grake, linto, tilju, bunda)
jurme jum germ x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 ai 1 (cf. vidru)
jursa jus severe 'harsh' x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] 4c 13 (cf. gunta, vlile)
jutsi jut species x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] ai 30 [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy]; (cf. klesi, lanzu)
juxre jux clumsy 'awkward' x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2 5g 16 (cf. sluji, muvdu)
jvinu vin ji'u view x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 6c 18 [also x1 is on display to x2/x3]; (cf. catlu, kanla, viska, canko, jarco)
ka kam property abstract abstractor: property/quality abstractor (-ness); x1 is quality/property exhibited by [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. ckaji)
kabri cup x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 2j 88 [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)
kacma camera x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 6c 12 (cf. lenjo)
kadno Canadian x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. bemro, glico)
kafke cough x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 4c 5 (cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)
kagni kag company x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 8c 25 [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende)
kajde jde warn 'caution' x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) 4c 42 [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)]; (cf. ckape, nupre, snura, tcica, xlura)
kajna shelf 'counter' x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 a 2 (cf. balni)
kakne ka'e able 'can' x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) 2e 154 [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka'e, cmavo list nu'o, cmavo list pu'i, djuno, zifre)
kakpa dig x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 6f 29 [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)
kalci feces 'shit' x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) aa 0 [also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)
kalri kar open x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 1e 90 [as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)
kalsa kas chaotic x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) a 29 (cf. cunso, cnici)
kalte kat hunt x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3 as 15 [also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi)
kamju column x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 a 18 [spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)
kamni committee x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 8d 11 [board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)
kampu kau common x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) 6f 24 (cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu)
kanba goat 'kid, billy, baa' x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 ai 2 (cf. lanme, sunla)
kancu kac count x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 3a 24 (x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)
kandi kad dim x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 1a 39 [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)
kanji kaj calculate 'reckon' x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 7e 0 (cf. kancu, jdice, skami)
kanla kal eye 'ocular' x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular 1c 0 [x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)
kanro ka'o healthy x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2 4c 35 (cf. bilma, mikce)
kansa kan with 'accompany' x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) 2g 228 [x1 is together with/along with x2] (cf. kagni, jorne, gunma, girzu, lasna)
kantu ka'u quantum x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 7j 9 [quantum ray (= bonka'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)
kanxe kax conjunction x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true 7a 5 (cf. vlina)
karbi kab compare x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) 7e 3 (cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)
karce car x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 4d 121 (cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)
karda card x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 9b 2 (x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)
kargu costly x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 5e 55 [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)
karli collar x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 a 1 [also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)
karni journal x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 8b 56 [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)
katna ka'a cut x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 5c 25 [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)
kavbu kav capture 'catch' x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 8e 33 [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)
ke kem start grouping start grouping of tanru, etc; ... type of ... ; overrides normal tanru left grouping 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke'e)
ke'e kep ke'e end grouping elidable terminator: end of tanru left grouping override (usually elidable) 3b 0 (cf. cmavo list ke)
kecti kec ke'i pity x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) 4c 23 (cf. cinmo, xendo)
kei kez end abstraction elidable terminator: end abstraction bridi (often elidable) 3b 0
kelci kel kei play x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 9c 116 [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)
kelvo ke'o kelvin x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 af 1 (cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
kenra ken cancer x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2 a 0 (cf. bilma, mikce, spita)
kensa kes outer space x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2 am 3 (cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)
kerfa kre hair x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 1c 60 (cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)
kerlo ker ear 'aural, earlobe' x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] 1c 16 [(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)
ketco ket tco South American 'Quechua' x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 7 (cf. merko, xispo, brazo, gento, spano)
kevna kev ke'a cavity 'cave' x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 6c 148 [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)
kicne kic ki'e cushion x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 an 7 (cf. ckana, matci)
kijno kij oxygen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] ag 1 (cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)
kilto ki'o 1000 metric 'kilo' x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli)
kinli kil sharp 'keen' x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2 7j 7 (cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)
kisto kis Pakistani x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xurdo)
klaji laj street 'avenue' x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 5d 23 [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it]; (cf. naxle, panka, pluta, dargu)
klaku kak weep x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) 4c 27 (cf. badri, krixa)
klama kla come x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 1g1399 [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. cadzu, bajra, marce, vofli, litru, muvdu, cpare, cmavo list ka'a, pluta, bevri, farlu, limna, vitke)
klani lai quantity x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) 3b 31 [also count]; (cf. cmavo list la'u, namcu)
klesi kle lei class x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) 7c 63 [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)
klina kli clear x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] 7j 32 [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu'i is better for 'unhindered')
kliru chlorine x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] ag 3 [also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)
kliti kit clay x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 ah 4 (cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)
klupe lup lu'e screw x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 a 0 [also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)
kluza luz loose 'blouse' x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3 3f 6 (cf. tagji, trati, rinju)
kobli kob ko'i cabbage 'cole-' x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. stagi)
kojna koj ko'a corner x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 9b 13 [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi)
kolme kol ko'e coal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 ah 3 (cf. tabno, tarla)
komcu kom comb x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 ao 1 (cf. julne, forca, burcu)
konju kon ko'u cone x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 9b 0 [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu)
korbi kor koi edge 'border, curb' x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 9b 43 (cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)
korcu kro bent 'crooked, corkscrew' (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded 6f 10 (cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu)
korka kok cork x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material] ah 1 (cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)
kosta kos coat x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 3f 23 (cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)
kramu acre x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits af 0 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)
krasi kra source 'origin' x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) 2c 156 [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial]; (cf. fanmo, cmavo list ra'i, sabji, cfari, jipno, traji, kojna, genja, jicmu, sitna, jinto)
krati ka'i represent 'proxy' x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 8c 9 [also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji)
krefu ref ke'u recur x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 7j 56 [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)
krici kri believe 'creed' x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 3l 99 ["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)
krili crystal x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 ah 5 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)
krinu rin ki'u reason x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) 6a 73 (cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli)
krixa kix ki'a cry out x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier 4c 53 (cf. klaku, bacru)
kruca kuc intersect 'cross' x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 5d 31 (cf. cripu, ragve)
kruji ruj cream x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 2j 18 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)
kruvi ruv kru curve x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 5d 4 [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)
ku'a kuz intersection non-logical connective: intersection of sets at 0
kubli kub cube x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6) 9b 3 (cf. kurfa - needed for 'cube', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)
kucli curious x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) 9d 31 [inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)
kufra kuf comfort x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 9d 34 (cf. cinmo)
kukte kuk delicious 'cooked, tasty' x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] 2j 24 [x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)
kulnu klu culture x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic ab 45 [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka'u, cmavo list ku'u, natmi, cecmu)
kumfa kum ku'a room x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) 2k 346 [also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)
kumte camel x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 ai 3 [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)
kunra kun mineral 'mined' x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 6c 5 (cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)
kunti kut empty 'vacant' x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow 2g 54 [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)
kurfa kur square x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) 9b 2 [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, tapla, salpo, tarmi)
kurji kuj ku'i take care of 'care' x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) 2l 49 [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2]; (cf. jundi, cinri, prami, raktu, zgana)
kurki bitter 'acrid' x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 6f 6 (cf. titla, slari)
kuspe kup ku'e range 'span' x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 9b 5 [also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)
kusru kus cruel x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2 9c 21 (cf. xendo, jursa)
labno wolf 'lobo' x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 ai 3 (cf. gerku)
lacpu lap cpu pull x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 8h 19 [gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu)
lacri lac rely x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) 8c 16 (cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)
ladru lad milk 'lactic' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy 2j 16 (cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)
lafti laf lift x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 8h 36 [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)
lakne la'e probable 'likely' x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2 6f 30 (cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano)
lakse lak wax x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 a 1 [also paraffin]; (cf. bifce, ranti, bidju)
lalxu la'u lake 'lagoon' x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 6c 61 (cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)
lamji lam la'i adjacent x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 2d 63 [also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)
lanbi protein 'albumin' x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) aj 2 (cf. ladru, sovda)
lanci flag 'banner' x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 ao 0 (cf. gugde, jecta)
lanka basket x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3 ao 0 (cf. vasru, baktu)
lanli lal analyze x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] 8c 21 (cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)
lanme lan sheep 'lanolin, lamb' x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 ai 2 (cf. kanba, sunla)
lante can x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 5c 5 (cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)
lanxe lax balance x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) 7j 5 (cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli)
lanzu laz family 'clan' x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 4b 44 [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)
larcu lar art x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) 8c 11 [(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)
lasna la'a fasten 'lash' x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4 3f 17 [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa)
lastu brass x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 ah 7 [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)
latmo la'o Latin x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)
latna lotus x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 aj 1 (cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)
lazni lazy x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 a 9 (cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)
le'e lem the stereotypical non-veridical descriptor: the stereotype of those described as ... at 0
lebna leb le'a take x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) 2b 81 [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva)
lenjo len le'o lens x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 ao 4 [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)
lenku lek cold 'cool' x1 is cold/cool by standard x2 2g 52 (cf. glare, bisli)
lerci lec late x1 (event) is late by standard x2 2g 31 (cf. clira)
lerfu ler le'u letteral x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 3a 215 [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)
li'i liz experience abstract abstractor: experience abstractor; x1 is x2's experience of [bridi] (participant or observer) - (cf. lifri)
libjo lib Libyan x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
lidne li'e precede 'leader' x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following 8c 50 [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna)
lifri lif fri experience 'life' x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 2n 148 [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)
lijda jda religion x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 ac 126 [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda); congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri)
limna lim swim x1 (agent) swims in fluid x2 6c 33 (cf. djacu, fulta, klama, litru)
lindi lid lightning x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 4h 24 [also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)
linji lij li'i line x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 9b 10 [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca)
linsi lin chain 'links' x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3 9f 21 (cf. skori)
linto li'o lightweight x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 3 (cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)
lisri lis story x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 8b 81 [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author]; (cf. ranmi, cfika, skicu, prosa, pemci)
liste ste list x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 7c 32 [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)
litce lic liter x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
litki lik liquid x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 11 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)
litru li'u travel x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller 7f 118 (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly); (cf. bajra, cadzu, cpare, tcana, klama, cliva, pluta, limna, muvdu)
livga liver x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. rango, betfu)
livla lil fuel x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2 7f 1 (cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)
lo'e lom the typical veridical descriptor: the typical one(s) who really is(are) ... at 0
logji loj logic x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) 7a 24 [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)
lojbo lob jbo Lojbanic x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 1b 0 [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)
loldi lol loi floor x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 2k 120 [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)
lorxu lor lo'u fox x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 ai 36 (cf. gerku)
lubno lu'o Lebanese x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
lujvo luv jvo affix compound x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 1b 428 (cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)
lumci lum lu'i wash x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 5g 16 [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)]; (cf. djacu, jinru, litki, zbabu, jinsa, curve)
lunbe lub bare x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] a 17 (cf. taxfu, bandu)
lunra lur lunar x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 am 36 (cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)
lunsa lus condense x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 a 0 (cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)
mabla mal derogative x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 3d 78 [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)
mabru mab mammal x1 is a mammal/'animal'/beast of species x2 6c 7 (cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)
macnu cnu manual x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. zmiku, jitro)
makcu ma'u mature x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) 9c 18 (cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)
makfa maf magic x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 a 50 (cf. krici, manci)
maksi mak magnet x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 a 1 (cf. dikca, trina, xlura)
malsi mas temple x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 9a 33 [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)]; (cf. cevni, krici, lijda, ritli)
mamta mam mother 'mom' x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 128 (cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)
manci mac wonder x1 feels wonder/awe/marvels about x2 9d 43 (cf. cinmo, makfa, kucli, spaji, cinri, banli, sisku)
manfo uniform x1 (object/event) is uniform/homogeneous in property x2 (ka) 7j 11 (cf. prane, curve, ranji, vitno, stodi, dikni, sampu, traji)
manku man dark x1 is dark/lacking in illumination 1a 67 (cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)
manri mar reference x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 2d 70 (x1 may be object or si'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)
mansa satisfy x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 8c 39 (cf. pajni)
manti ant x1 is an ant of species/breed x2 ai 135 (cf. cinki, jalra)
mapku map cap x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 3f 18 (cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)
mapni cotton x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material] ah 2 (cf. bukpu)
mapti mat fit 'match' x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 7j 47 (cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)
marbi mra shelter 'harbor' x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 4d 14 (cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)
marce ma'e vehicle x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 7f 12 (cf. klama, matra, bevri, bloti, carce, karce, sabnu, skiji)
marde mad morals x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3 a 6 [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)
margu mag mercury x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
marji maj mai material 'matter' x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 6b 29 [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)
marna hemp 'marijuana' x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2 aj 2 (cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)
marxa max mash x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 a 6 (cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)
masno sno slow x1 is slow/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 37 (cf. sutra)
masti ma'i month x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 3e 36 [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavla'ima'i); last month (= prula'ima'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)
matci mat x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 a 13 [also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana)
matli linen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material] ah 12 (cf. bukpu)
matne butter x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 5b 6 [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)
matra motor x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 a 0 (cf. marce, minji, carce)
mavji mav oats x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
maxri xri wheat x1 is a quantity of wheat [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 9 (cf. gurni)
mebri meb brow x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 aa 18 (cf. stedu, flira)
megdo meg 1E6 metric 'mega' x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mei mem mei cardinal selbri convert number to cardinality selbri; x1 is the mass formed from set x2 with member(s) x3 [x1 is a mass with N components x3 composing set x2; x2 is an n-tuple (x2 is completely specified) (= selmei for reordered places); x1 forms an n-some; x3 (not necessarily a complete enumeration) are [among the] members of x2]; (cf. cmima, gunma, cmavo list moi)
mekso mek me'o MEX x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 7e 88 (cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji)
melbi mel mle beautiful x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 6c 191 [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)
meljo mej Malaysian x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. baxso, bindo)
menli men mind 'mental' x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 3l 26 [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)
mensi mes me'i sister x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] 4b 38 (cf. bruna, tunba, tamne, famti)
mentu met me'u minute x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 3e 12 (cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)
merko mer American x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 1b 38 (cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)
merli mre measure x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 al 14 (cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mexno mex Mexican x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xispo, bemro, spano)
mi mib me pro-sumti: me/we the speaker(s)/author(s); identified by self-vocative 1d 0 (cf. sevzi)
midju mij middle x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central 2d 31 (cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)
mifra mif code 'cipher' x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code a 2 [code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)
mikce mic doctor 'medic' x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 4c 63 [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)
mikri mik 1E-6 metric 'micro' x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
milti mil .001 metric 'milli' x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
milxe mli mild x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 6k 58 (cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)
minde mid mi'e command x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur 1h 91 [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)
minji mi'i machine x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] 7g 13 [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)
minli mile x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 al 1 (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
minra mir reflect 'mirror' x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 a 40 [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)
mintu mit mi'u same 'identical' x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) 2g 47 (cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)
mipri mip secret x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 3l 53 [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)
mirli deer x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)
misno mis mi'o famous x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) 7j 8 [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)
misro Egyptian 'Mizraim' x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)
mitre tre meter x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 af 0 (cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
mixre mix xre mixture x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 5c 19 [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)
mlana mla side 'lateral' x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 1e 88 (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)
mlatu lat cat x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline ai 124 (cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)
mleca mec me'a less x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 6k 57 [also negative (= nonme'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me'a, cmavo list su'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)
mledi led mold x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 aj 5 (cf. clika)
mluni lun satellite 'moon' x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 1 (cf. plini, solri, lunra)
mo'a mob too few digit/number: too few; subjective -
mo'i mov space motion mark motions in space-time -
moi mom moi ordinal selbri convert number to ordinal selbri; x1 is (n)th member of set x2 ordered by rule x3 7e 0 (x2 is a completely specified set)
mokca moc point 'moment' x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 9b 14 [x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika)
moklu mol mo'u mouth 'oral' x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) 1c 14 [(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)
molki mlo mill x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 ap 0 [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)
molro mo'o mole x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
morji moj mo'i remember 'memory' x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 2h 114 (cf. cmavo list ba'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)
morko mor Moroccan x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)
morna mon mo'a pattern 'form' x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 9b 14 [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti)
morsi mro dead 'mort-' x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive 4c 244 [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)
mosra mos friction 'rub' x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 a 3 [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali)
mraji rye x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. gurni)
mrilu mri mail x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 4i 15 [also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)
mruli mru hammer x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 ao 2 (cf. tutci)
mu mum 5 digit/number: 5 (digit) 3a 0
mu'e muf point-event abstract abstractor: achievement (event) abstractor; x1 is the event-as-a-point/achievement of [bridi] -
mucti mut immaterial x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form 6b 8 (cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)
mudri mud wood 'lumber' x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2 6b 27 (cf. tricu, stani)
mukti muk mu'i motive x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 6a 70 [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for 'goal', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)
mulno mul mu'o complete x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 7j 181 [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)
munje muj mu'e universe x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 a 44 [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe]; (cf. ciste, plini, kensa, mulno)
mupli mup example x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 2h 52 (cf. cmavo list mu'u, pixra)
murse glimmering x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 3e 8 [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)
murta mur mu'a curtain x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 5g 10 (cf. canko, vorme)
muslo mus Islamic x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 ac 11 [also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)
mutce tce much x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 6k 311 [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)
muvdu muv mu'u move x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 2b 59 [also mobile (= comymu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)
muzga muz museum x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 ap 8 (cf. citri)
na nar bridi negator bridi contradictory negator; scope is an entire bridi; logically negates in some cmavo compounds 1d 0
na'e nal scalar contrary contrary scalar negator: other than ...; not ...; a scale or set is implied 7x 0
nabmi nam problem x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 8c 30 [also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)
nakni nak male 'masculine' x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine 4b 31 (cf. fetsi, bersa)
nalci na'i wing x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] ai 13 (cf. cipni, pimlu, rebla)
namcu nac na'u number x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol 3a 35 (cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)
nanba nab bread x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 5b 30 (cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)
nanca na'a year x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual 3e 110 [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, masti)
nandu nad difficult 'hard' x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 1i 54 (cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)
nanla boy 'lad' x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 44 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)
nanmu nau man x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 332 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)
nanvi nav 1E-9 metric 'nano' x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
narge nag nut x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 aj 0 [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)
narju naj orange x1 is orange [color adjective] 1a 31 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)
natfe naf na'e deny x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 7a 1 [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu'a or tolxu'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)
natmi nat nai nation x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] ab 42 (cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)
navni neon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] ag 4 [default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)
naxle nax xle canal x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 ap 0 [x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu)
nazbi naz zbi nose 'nasal' x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] 1c 11 [also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance)
nejni nen energy x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 a 6 [ray/beam (= nenli'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla)
nelci nel nei fond 'likes' x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) 2i 180 (cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)
nenri ner ne'i in 'inner' x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] 1e 298 [indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)
ni nil amount abstract abstractor: quantity/amount abstractor; x1 is quantity/amount of [bridi] measured on scale x2 3b 0 (cf. klani)
nibli nib ni'i necessitate x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 6a 90 (cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni'i, jalge, logji)
nicte cte night x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal 3e 58 [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)
nikle nik nickel x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation 5e 6 (cf. jinme)
nilce ni'e furniture x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 an 1 (cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)
nimre citrus 'lime' x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)
ninmu nim ni'u woman 'women' x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] 1k 130 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. nanmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nixli)
nirna nir nerve x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] aa 1 [also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)
nitcu tcu need x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 3m 79 [no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)
nivji niv knit x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 a 0 (cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)
nixli nix xli girl x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 4b 172 [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)
no non 0 digit/number: 0 (digit) 3a 0 [nothing (= nomei, but also nozu'i)]
no'e nor no'e scalar midpoint not midpoint scalar negator: neutral point between je'a and to'e; "not really" 7x 0 (cf. nutli, midju, milxe, cmavo list na'e, to'e)
nobli nol no'i noble x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 a 47 [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli)
notci not noi message 'note' x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 4i 78 [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)
nu nun event abstract abstractor: generalized event abstractor; x1 is state/process/achievement/activity of [bridi] 3b 0 (cf. fasnu)
nu'o nu'o can but has not modal aspect: can but has not; unrealized potential at 0 (cf. kakne)
nukni nuk magenta 'fuchsin' x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] 1a 3 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)
nupre nup nu'e promise x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] 9c 6 (cf. kajde, xusra)
nurma num rural x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country 6c 39 (cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)
nutli nul nu'i neutral x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 8g 0 [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no'e)
nuzba nuz news x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 4i 83 (cf. cnino, notci)
pa pav 1 digit/number: 1 (digit) 3a 0
pacna pa'a hope x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens 9d 60 [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)]; (cf. djica)
pagbu pag pau part x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 7j 131 [partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)
pagre gre pass through x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 4d 60 [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)
pajni pai judge x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) 2f 39 [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)
palci pac evil x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 2i 52 (cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)
palku pak pants x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 3f 15 (cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)
palne tray 'pan, platter' x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 5c 6 [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable]; (cf. tansi, patxu, palta, ckana)
palta plate 'platter' x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 5c 10 (cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)
pambe pump x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 a 0 [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)
panci pan odor 'fragrance' x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 5c 17 [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina)
pandi pad punctuate x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 1h 2 (cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)
panje sponge x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material ah 3 [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese]; (cf. cokcu for a generalized absorbant)
panka park x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 ap 17 (cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)
panlo pa'o slice x1 is a slice [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) 5c 6 (cf. nanba)
panpi pap peace x1 is at peace with x2 8g 33 (cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna)
panra parallel x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 9b 11 [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)
pante pat protest x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 9c 12 (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)
panzi paz offspring x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial 4b 23 (cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)
papri page 'paper' x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 1h 6 [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)
parbi pab ratio 'rate' x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] 7e 4 [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)
pastu pas robe 'tunic' x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 3f 26 [also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku)
patfu paf pa'u father 'pop, padre' x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 93 (cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)
patlu potato x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 5b 7 (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)
patxu pax pot x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 (cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded)
pe'a pev figurative marks figurative usage (non-literal) speech/text as a rafsi at 0 [in figurative speech, metaphors may arbitrarily ignore omitted place structures]
pelji ple paper 'page' x1 is paper from source x2 1h 15 [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)
pelxu pel yellow x1 is yellow/golden [color adjective] 1a 32 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, narju, solji)
pemci pem poem x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 103 [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)
penbi peb pen x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3 1f 11 (cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)
pencu pec pe'u touch x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] 1g 38 (cf. ganse, darxi, jgari, penmi, jorne, satre, mosra, zgana)
pendo ped pe'o friend x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 2i 90 (cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)
penmi pen pe'i meet x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3 1g 125 (cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)
pensi pes pei think 'pensive' x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 3l 164 [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)]; (cf. cmavo list pe'i, jijnu, menli, morji, sidbo, jinvi, se nabmi, minra, lanli, besna, saske, skami)
perli per pear x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2 aj 6 (cf. grute)
pesxu pex paste x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 6f 3 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)
petso pet 1E15 metric 'peta' x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
pezli pez leaf x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 5b 26 (cf. tricu, papri, spati)
pi piz decimal point digit/number: base point; default decimal 7e 0
pi'u piv cross product non-logical connective: cross product; Cartesian product of sets at 0
picti pic 1E-12 metric 'pico' x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
pijne pin x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 ao 2 (cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)
pikci beg 'supplicate' x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 9c 11 [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi)
pikta ticket x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 5g 22 (cf. jaspu)
pilji pi'i multiply 'multiply' x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 7e 1 (cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)
pilka pil pi'a crust 'peel' x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 9f 12 (cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri)
pilno pli use 'employ' x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 2e 174 [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, lejyplicu'a)]; (cf. tutci, cabra, minji, gasnu, zukte for x2, cmavo list pi'o, sazri, jibri)
pimlu pim pi'u feather 'plume' x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 ai 1 (cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)
pinca urine 'piss' x1 is a/the urine/piss/pee of x2 aa 1 (cf. vikmi, xasne, kalci, mabla, festi)
pindi pid poor 'indigent' x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 a 24 [x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)
pinfu pif prisoner 'captive' x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 8e 2 (cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)
pinji penis x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 aa 2 [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)
pinka pik comment x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 8c 107 [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)
pinsi pis pencil x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 1f 20 [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri)
pinta pin level 'horizontal' x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 9b 8 (cf. sraji, plita, xutla)
pinxe pix drink x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 2j 39 (cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)
pipno pi'o piano x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument ak 8 (cf. zgike)
pixra pir xra picture x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 4d 51 [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/xraci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)
plana plump x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 6f 13 (cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)
platu pla plan 'plot' x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 8c 7 [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)
pleji lej le'i pay x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 8b 59 [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, posyvelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)
plibu pib pubic x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)
plini planet x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 am 16 (cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)
plipe pip pi'e leap x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 1g 54 [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)
plise apple x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2 5b 8 (cf. grute)
plita pit plane x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] 9b 18 [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta)
plixa lix plow x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 ao 1 (cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)
pluja luj complicated 'complex' x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 6f 28 [also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena)
pluka puk pu'a pleasant x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 9c 131 (cf. rigni, cmavo list pu'a, melbi, nelci, prami)
pluta lut lu'a route x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) 5d 309 [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)
polje plo fold x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 a 0 [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna)
polno pol Polynesian x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)
ponjo pon po'o Japanese 'Nippon' x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xazdo, daplu)
ponse pos po'e possess x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 5g 188 (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)
porpi pop po'i break x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 4c 36 (cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)
porsi por poi sequence x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 7c 49 [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po'i, lidne, liste, cmima)
porto pot Portuguese x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. brazo)
prali pal profit x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 8d 12 [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)
prami pam pa'i love x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) 9d 115 [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)
prane pa'e perfect x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) 7j 45 [also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)
preja pej pe'a spread x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 7j 2 (cf. tcena, kuspe, ranji, fatri, muvdu, benji)
prenu pre person x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona 1k 632 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)
preti ret rei question 'query' x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 1h 149 (cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)
prije pij wise 'sage' x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 a 54 (cf. bebna)
prina pri print x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 a 5 (cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)
pritu right x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 55 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)
prosa ros ro'a prose x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 8b 9 [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti)
pruce ruc ru'e process x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 8f 11 [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)
pruni pun elastic 'springy' (adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy a 0 (cf. ckabu, tcena)
pruxi rux ru'i spirit x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal a 49 [also soul (= ruxse'i)]; (cf. censa, lijda, mucti, xadni)
pu'i pus can and has modal aspect: can and has; demonstrated potential at 0 (cf. kakne)
pu'u puv process abstract abstractor: process (event) abstractor; x1 is process of [bridi] proceeding in stages x2 - (cf. pruce)
pulce puc pu'e dust 'pulverized' x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 a 22 (cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)
pulji police x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 a 15 [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)
pulni pulley x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 ao 0 (cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)
punji puj pu'i put x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 1g 88 (cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)
punli pul swelling x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 9b 0 [(adjective:) x1 is swollen]; (cf. balji, cmana, plana)
purci pur pru past 'earlier' x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter 4a 59 [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)
purdi pud garden x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 6c 17 [orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)
purmo pum pu'o powder x1 is a powder of material x2 9f 0 [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)
racli sane 'rational' x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2 a 1 (cf. fenki)
ractu rabbit x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 ai 28 (cf. mabru, kerlo)
radno ra'o radian x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 aj 0 [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
rafsi raf affix x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 1b 219 (cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)
ragve rav across x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 3j 32 [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre)
rakso Iraqi x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
raktu ra'u trouble x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 4c 41 [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to x2, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)]; (cf. dicra, fanza, zunti, kurji, xanka)
ralci rac delicate 'fragile' x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) 7j 17 [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)
ralju ral principal x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) 8c 87 [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)
ralte ra'e retain x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession 2b 15 (cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)
randa rad yield 'surrender' x1 yields/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 a 0 (cf. jdari, renvi, ranti, se bapli)
rango rag organ x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 aa 0 [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)
ranji ra'i continue x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 9b 143 (cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)
ranmi ram myth x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 ac 13 [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)
ransu bronze x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2 ah 1 (cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)
ranti ran soft x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 2g 24 (cf. ralci, jdari, lakse, randa, gradu)
ranxi rax irony x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 a 5 (cf. dukti, frica, cizra)
rapli rap repeat x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences 1h 32 [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)
rarna rar natural x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) 6c 31 (cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)
ratcu rat x1 is a rat of species/breed x2 ai 51 (cf. smacu)
ratni rat atom x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 a 4 (cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)
re rel 2 digit/number: 2 (digit) 3a 0
rebla reb tail x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] ai 9 (cf. nalci, pimlu, se lidne, trixe, birka, jimca)
rectu rec re'u meat 'flesh' x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2 5b 30 (cf. sluji)
remna rem re'a human x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human 1k 219 (cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)
renro rer re'o throw x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) 8h 53 (cf. cecla (more general term), danti)
renvi rev re'i survive x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 4c 21 [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable]; (cf. ranji, kuspe, randa, lifri, stali, temci)
respa res reptile x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2 ai 1 (cf. danlu, banfi, since)
ricfu rif cfu rich x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 a 43 (cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)
rigni rig disgusting 'repugnant' x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 a 5 (cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)
rijno rij silver 'argent' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] 5e 32 (cf. solji)
rilti ril rhythm x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2 a 1 [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)
rimni rim rhyme x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) 8b 9 [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga)
rinci drain x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 a 0 [x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)
rinju ri'u restrain x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) 3m 19 [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)
rinka rik ri'a cause x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 6a 296 [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)
rinsa greet x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) 2n 40 (cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co'o)
rirci rare x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) 6f 26 (x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts)
rirni rir parent 'rear' x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 4b 33 (cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa)
rirxe ri'e river x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 6c 71 (cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)
rismi ris rice x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 5b 9 (cf. gurni)
risna heart 'cardiac' x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] aa 34 [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)
ritli ri'i rite x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 9a 24 [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri)
rivbi riv avoid 'evade' x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) a 36 [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)
ro rol each digit/number: each, all 3a 0
roi rom roi quantified tense converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense at 0 (cf. rapli)
rokci rok ro'i rock x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 6c 143 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)
romge rog chrome x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] ag 3 (cf. jinme)
ropno ron ro'o European x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2 ab 13 (cf. brito)
rorci ror procreate x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 4b 3 (cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)
rotsu rot tsu ro'u thick 'stout' x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] 6f 9 [also stout]; (cf. barda, cinla, ganra, clani, condi, plana, gutci, minli)
rozgu roz zgu rose x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 aj 10 [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)
ruble rub ble weak 'feeble' x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 0 (cf. carmi, vlipa, tsali, kandi, kandi, milxe)
rufsu ruf rough x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity 6f 16 [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)
runme rum melt 'runny' x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 a 2 [x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)
runta dissolve x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 a 16 [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga)
rupnu rup ru'u dollar 'ruble' x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 5e 59 [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)
rusko ruk ru'o Russian x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. softo, slovo)
rutni run artifact x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made 6c 19 (cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)
sabji sab provide 'supply' x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] 3m 20 [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu)
sabnu cabin x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2 a 0 (cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)
sacki match x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2 a 0 (cf. fagri, jelca)
saclu decimal x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) af 1 [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu)
sadjo djo Saudi x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xrabo)
sakci sak suck x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 a 2 [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)]; (cf. cokcu, lacpu, flecu)
sakli sal slide 'slip' x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 a 12 [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)]; (cf. mosra, fulta, skiji, xutla)
sakta sat sugar 'sucrose' x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 5b 7 [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (basysakta or sakybasti, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. silna, titla)
salci sla celebrate x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 9c 22 [x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)
salpo sa'o slope x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 5d 47 [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear]; (cf. kurfa, tutci)
salta salad x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2 5b 11 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu)
samcu cassava 'yam' x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 1a 2 (cf. patlu, genja, jalna)
sampu sap simple x1 is simple/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) 6f 24 (cf. pluja, curve, frili, manfo)
sance sna sound x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 7j 37 [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)]; (cf. savru, tirna, voksa, siclu, slaka)
sanga sag sa'a sing x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 5g 0 [melody (= sagzgi, ralsagzgi), harmony (= saxsagzgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)]; (cf. pemci, rimni, rilti, siclu)
sanji saj conscious x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) 6m 48 [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)
sanli sa'i stand x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 1g 75 [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field]; (cf. kamju, sraji, tuple, zbepi, sarji)
sanmi sai meal x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 5c 84 [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)
sanso sauce x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 5b 12 [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)
santa umbrella x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 ao 4 (cf. carvi, solri)
sarcu sa'u necessary x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 3m 57 [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)
sarji sra support x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 9a 109 [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)]; (cf. bradi, darlu, fapro, sidju, tugni, bongu, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli, selfu)
sarlu spiral x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 9b 3 (cf. klupe, korcu, tarmi)
sarxe sax harmonious x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) a 2 (cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)
saske ske science x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 8c 31 [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe)
satci exact 'precise' x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) 7e 55 (cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)
satre sa'e stroke x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 9c 34 [pet (= pamsa'e)]; (cf. mosra, pencu)
savru sav vru noise 'clamor' x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 2g 72 (cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)
sazri saz operate x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 8c 47 (cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)
se sel 2nd conversion 2nd conversion; switch 1st/2nd places 2a 0
sefta sfe surface x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 9b 37 [also x4 bounds]; (cf. crane, flira, plita, bliku)
selci sle cell x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 4b 6 (x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu)
selfu sef se'u serve x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3 a 20 (cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)
semto sme Semitic x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo)
senci sec sneeze x1 sneezes (intransitive verb) a 0 (cf. bilma, kafke)
senpi sen doubt 'skeptic' x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true 9d 30 [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)
senta set layer 'stratum' x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 9b 9 (cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti)
senva sev sne dream 'reverie' x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 6m 16 [dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)
sepli sep sei apart 'separate' x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 6f 47 [also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi)
serti ser stairs x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 ao 71 (cf. stapa, loldi, senta)
setca se'a insert x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 6f 37 [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)
sevzi sez se'i self x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2 7j 44 (cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)
sfani fly x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 6c 16 (cf. cinki, bifce)
sfasa sfa punish 'spank, castigate' x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) a 2 [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)
sfofa sfo sofa x1 is a sofa/couch (noun) an 9 (cf. nilce)
sfubu sub su'u dive 'swoop' x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 a 4 (cf. farlu, farlu)
si'o siz concept abstract abstractor: idea/concept abstractor; x1 is x2's concept of [bridi] - (cf. sidbo)
siclu sil whistle x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 a 18 (cf. sance, tonga, sanga, zgike, savru)
sicni si'i coin 'specie' x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 5e 32 (cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)
sidbo sib si'o idea x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 9e 81 [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si'o)
sidju dju help 'aid' x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 9c 90 (cf. cmavo list si'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)
sigja sig cigar x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 a 0 (cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)
silka sik silk x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by x2 ah 2 (cf. curnu, bukpu, cilta)
silna salt x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3 5b 18 (cf. sakta)
simlu mlu seem x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 7j 89 [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)
simsa smi similar x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 7j 131 [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis]; (cf. dunli, frica, mintu, panra, simlu, vrici)
simxu sim si'u mutual x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) 7j 49 [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu)
since snake x1 is a snake/serpent of species/breed x2 ai 257 (cf. curnu, danlu, respa, vindu)
sinma si'a esteem x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] 9d 39 [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira)
sinso sine x1 is the trigonometric sine of angle/arcsine x2 ar 2 (cf. tanjo)
sinxa sni sign x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 7e 61 [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)]; (cf. lerfu, tcita, barna, mifra, smuni)
sipna sip sleep x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping 6m 145 (cf. senva, tatpi, cikna, sanji)
sirji sir straight x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear 6f 13 (cf. korcu, linji, kruvi, kuspe)
sirxo six Syrian x1 reflects Syrian culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. xrabo)
sisku sis seek x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) 8g 89 [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)
sisti sti cease x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] 1g 117 (cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)
sitna sit cite x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) 8b 0 (cf. krasi)
sivni siv private x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden a 0 [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri)
skaci skirt x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] 3f 12 [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist]; (cf. taxfu, palku)
skami sam computer x1 is a computer for purpose x2 8c 69 (cf. kanji, minji, pensi)
skapi kap pelt 'skin' x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2 9f 18 (cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)
skari ska color x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 1a 30 [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)
skicu ski describe x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) 7j 97 (cf. lisri, tavla)
skiji sij ski x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 a 1 (cf. sakli, marce, cutci)
skina kin cinema x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 5g 32 [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)
skori sko cord x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 9f 3 (cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)
skoto kot ko'o Scottish x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 1 [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a fu'ivla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico)
skuro ku'o groove 'furrow' x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 9b 36 (cf. plixa)
slabu sau familiar x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 2c 130 [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)
slaka syllable x1 is a syllable in language x2 1h 11 (cf. sance, valsi, bangu)
slami acid x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic ah 0 [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)
slanu cylinder x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2 9b 6 (cf. kamju, gunro)
slari sar sour x1 is sour/tart to observer x2 6f 5 (cf. slami, titla, kurki, nimre)
slasi las plastic x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 6b 9 (cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)
sligu lig solid x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 6b 17 [conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. runta, litki, gapci, jdari, dunja, pulce, jduli)
slilu sli oscillate x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) ar 8 [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)
sliri sulfur x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] ag 7 (cf. xukmi, panci, pelxu)
slovo lov lo'o Slavic x1 reflects Slavic language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. softo, rusko, vukro)
sluji slu muscle x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] aa 5 [(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)
sluni onion x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2 5b 11 (cf. stagi)
smacu mouse x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2 ai 5 (cf. ratcu)
smadi guess 'surmise' x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 15 [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma)
smaji sma quiet 'silent' x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 7j 52 (cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)
smani monkey 'simian' x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 ai 0 (cf. mabru, danlu)
smoka smo sock x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 3f 6 (cf. cutci, taxfu)
smuci muc spoon x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 5c 5 (cf. dakfu, forca, tutci)
smuni mun smu meaning x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 3j 135 [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)
snada sad succeed 'accomplish' x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 8g 152 [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)]; (cf. fliba, troci, jgira)
snanu nan south x1 is to the south/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 81 (cf. berti, stuna, stici, farna)
snidu nid second x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 3e 9 (cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
snime si'e snow x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of snow 4h 32 (cf. bratu, carvi, bisli)
snipa nip sticky x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive a 2 [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky]; (cf. tarla, viknu)
snuji nuj sandwich x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 5b 9 (cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)
snura nur nu'a secure x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event) 9a 34 (cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)
snuti nut accidental x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident 4c 26 (cf. zukte, cunso)
so soz 9 digit/number: 9 (digit) 3a 0
so'a soj almost all digit/number: almost all (digit/number) 7e 0
so'e sop most digit/number: most 7e 0
so'i sor so'i many digit/number: many 3a 0
so'o sos several digit/number: several 7e 0
so'u sot few digit/number: few 7e 0
sobde sob so'e soya x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 aj 18 (cf. dembi, gurni)
sodna sodium x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] ag 1 [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] (cf. jilka, jinme)
sodva sod soda x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/soda of flavor/brand x2 2j 17 [also: soft drink (though this sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")]; (cf. jilka, jinme)
softo sof Soviet x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR (Soviet]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 6 (cf. rusko, vukro, slovo)
solji slo gold x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive] ag 30 (cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)
solri sol solar x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is solar am 66 ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds]; (cf. gusni, lunra, mluni, plini, santa, terdi, tarci)
sombo som so'o sow x1 sows/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 a 5 (cf. crepu, tsiju)
sonci son soi soldier x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of army x2 a 31 (cf. bilni, damba, jenmi, xarci, pulji)
sorcu soc sro store x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 3m 23 [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2 that are not part of the store]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site, banxa, panka)
sorgu sog sorghum x1 is a quantity of sorghum of species/strain x2 aj 4 (cf. gurni)
sovda sov so'a egg 'ovum' x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 5b 51 [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)
spaji paj surprise x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 9d 22 [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= tepspaji)]; (cf. manci, jenca, bredi, suksa)
spali polish x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 a 7 (cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)
spano san Spanish x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 2 [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)]; (cf. xispo, ketco, mexno, gento)
spati spa plant x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 6c 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)
speni spe married 'spouse' x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 9a 92 (cf. prami, gletu)
spisa spi piece x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] 7j 21 (cf. pagbu)
spita hospital x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 4c 20 [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)
spofu pof po'u broken x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 4c 12 [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpo'uja'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)
spoja poj po'a explode x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 a 20 (cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)
spuda spu reply 'respond' x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 1h 67 [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)
sputu put pu'u spit x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 aa 8 [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)]; (cf. jetce, kafke, vamtu)
sraji raj vertical 'upright' x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 9b 5 (cf. sanli, pinta)
sraku rak scratch x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 a 1 (cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali)
sralo Australian x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 ab 5 (cf. glico)
srana ra'a pertain 'concerns' x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 7j 36 [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra'a, ckini, ponse, steci)
srasu sas grass x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 6c 47 [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)
srera sre err x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 1h 40 (cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)
srito Sanskrit x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. xindo, xurdo)
sruma ru'a assume x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] 3l 5 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti)
sruri rur sru surround x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 7j 12 [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)]; (cf. karli, senta, snuji, vanbi, se nenri, se jbini, bartu, djine)
stace sac honest x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 9c 0 [also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri)
stagi vegetable 'stalky' x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable 5b 7 [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)]; (cf. grute, kobli, narge, sluni, spati, sunga, tamca)
staku tak ceramic x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 ah 1 [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti)
stali sta remain 'stay' x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 4d 53 (cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)
stani stalk x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] aj 15 (cf. tuple, mudri)
stapa tap step x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 a 20 (cf. bajra, plipe, cadzu, serti)
stasu soup 'stew' x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [food] of ingredients including x2 5b 26 [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, salta, sanso)
stati talent x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 a 13 (cf. jinzi, certu, rarna, larcu, kakne)
steba seb frustration x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction) 9d 19 (cf. cinmo)
steci tec te'i specific 'special' x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) 7j 39 [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a, also cf. cmavo list po'e, [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)]; (cf. srana, se ponse, ckini, tcila, tutra)
stedu sed head x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] 1c 40 [skull (= sedbo'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)
stela tel lock x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 ao 17 (cf. ckiku)
stero te'o steradian x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 af 2 (cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
stici sic west x1 is to the west/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 146 (cf. stuna, berti, snanu, farna)
stidi sid ti'i suggest x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 8c 38 [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)]; (cf. cmavo list ti'i, tcica, xlura)
stika tik adjust x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 a 15 [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)]; (cf. cenba which need not be causal, galfi which is causal and resultative, binxo which need not be causal but is resultative, zasni, stodi)
stizu tiz chair 'stool' x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting 1f 155 (cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)
stodi sto constant 'stable' x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 7e 9 [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)
stuna sun east x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 5d 101 (cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)
stura tur su'a structure x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] a 14 (x2, if a set, is completely specified); (cf. ganzu, morna, ciste, lujvo, greku, gerna)
stuzi tuz stu site 'position' x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) 5d 101 [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location]; (cf. cmavo list tu'i, jmive, diklo, zvati, tcini, xabju, jibni, judri, lamji, mokca, stali)
su'e sup su'e at most digit/number: at most (all); no more than 3a 0
su'o suz su'o at least digit/number: at least (some); no less than 3a 0 (cf. cmalu, mleca)
su'u suv unspecif abstract abstractor: generalized abstractor (how); x1 is [bridi] as a non-specific abstraction of type x2 - (cf. sucta)
sucta suc abstract x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 9e 5 (cf. fatci, xanri)
sudga sud dry x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid 6f 71 (cf. cilmo, litki, runta)
sufti sfu hoof x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2 ai 0 (cf. xirma)
suksa suk sudden x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 7j 55 [also abrupt, discontinuous]; (cf. spaji, vitci, vlile)
sumji suj sum x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 7e 8 (cf. jmina, jalge, mulno, pilji)
sumne smell x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 6m 35 (cf. nazbi, panci, cpina, ganse, zgana)
sumti sum su'i argument x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) 1b2373 (x1 and x2 are text); (cf. bridi, darlu, gismu)
sunga sug garlic x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2 aj 13 (cf. stagi)
sunla sul wool x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2 ai 3 (cf. kosta, kumte, lanme, kanba, bukpu, kerfa)
surla sur relax x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) 9c 34 (cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)
sutra sut fast 'swift' x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) 4f 142 (cf. masno)
ta taz that there pro-sumti: that there; nearby demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near listener 1d 0
tabno tab carbon x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic ag 1 (cf. kolme)
tabra trumpet 'brass' x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] ak 1 (cf. zgike)
tadji method x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 8f 37 [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)
tadni tad study x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly 1h 115 (cf. ckule, cilre, ctuca)
tagji tag snug 'tight' x1 is snug/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 3f 27 (cf. trati, jarki, kluza, rinju)
talsa tal challenge x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3 8g 1 (cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation)
tamca tomato x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. grute, stagi)
tamji taj thumb x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] 1c 10 [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)]; (cf. degji, tance, xance, jamfu)
tamne cousin x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] 4b 2 [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)
tanbo ta'o board x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 ao 1 (cf. bliku, kubli)
tance tac tongue x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) aa 17 [(adjective:) x1 is lingual]; (cf. moklu, bangu, nazbi, tamji, degji)
tanjo tangent x1 is the trigonometric tangent of angle/arctangent x2 ar 7 (cf. sinso)
tanko tobacco x1 is a quantity of tobacco [leaf] of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. sigja, marna)
tanru tau phrase compound x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5 1b 776 (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni)
tansi tas pan x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 ao 0 [also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)
tanxe tax ta'e box 'trunk' x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 1f 40 (cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)
tapla tile x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 9b 1 [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, lijyclupa - a loop composed of lines)]; (cf. bliku, kubli, matci; karda, for which the 3rd dimension is insignificant, bliku, kurfa, matci, plita, tarmi)
tarbi embryo x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 a 10 (cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)
tarci tar star x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2 am 28 (cf. solri, tsani)
tarla tar x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/asphalt from source x2 ah 1 (cf. kolme, pesxu, snipa)
tarmi tam tai shape 'form' x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) 9b 91 [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)
tarti tra behave x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 9c 30 [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)
taske thirst x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 2j 8 (cf. nitcu, djica, xagji, pinxe)
tatpi ta'i tired x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest 4c 41 (cf. cikna, sipna, surla)
tatru tat breast 'teat' x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] aa 1 [nipple (= tatyji'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)
tavla tav ta'a talk 'palaver' x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 1h 338 [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)]; (cf. bacru, cusku for actual expression, casnu, darlu, skicu, ciksi, bangu)
taxfu taf ta'u garment x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 3f 76 [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)
tcaci cac custom 'habit' x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 7j 20 [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)
tcadu tca city 'town' x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 4d 68 [also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)
tcana station x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 a 0 [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system]; (cf. dargu, litru, pluta, trene, ciste, ve mrilu, tivni, cradi, ve benji, fonxa, dikca, fatri)
tcati tea x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from leaves x2 2j 19 (cf. ckafi)
tcena ten stretch x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 9b 23 (cf. kuspe, pruni, preja, ranji, trati)
tcica tic deceive 'cheat, trick' x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) a 36 [agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)
tcidu tid read x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader 1h 92 (cf. ciska, cukta, karni)
tcika time of day x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 3e 50 [also o'clock, time-of-day]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list ti'u, cacra, cerni, detri, donri, djedi, junla, nicte, mentu, snidu, temci, vanci, dirba, mokca)
tcila til detail x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2 8f 28 (cf. diklo, steci)
tcima tim ti'a weather 'climate' x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological 4h 23 [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)]; (cf. brife, bumru, carvi, dilnu, bratu)
tcini situation 'state' x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 8c 58 [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary]; (cf. stuzi, zvati, vanbi, ve pruce, ckaji, zasni)
tcita label 'tag' x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3 4d 219 (cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)
te ter 3rd conversion 3rd conversion; switch 1st/3rd places 2a 0
temci tem tei time x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 3e 66 [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)]; (cf. cacra, cedra, citsi, ranji, tcika, junla, renvi)
tenfa tef exponential x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 ar 1 (cf. dugri)
tengu teg te'u texture x1 (property-ka) is a texture of x2 6f 3 (cf. rufsu, xutla)
terdi ted earth 'terrestrial' x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound am 111 (cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)
terpa tep te'a fear 'terror' x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) 4c 72 [also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)
terto tet 1E12 metric 'tera' x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
ti tif this here pro-sumti: this here; immediate demonstrative it; indicated thing/place near speaker 1d 0
tigni tig perform x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 5g 36 (cf. jarco)
tikpa tip kick x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 2b 15 (cf. tunta, darxi)
tilju tij heavy 'weighty' x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2 9b 22 (cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)
tinbe tib obey x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient a 13 (cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)
tinci tin x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] ag 1 (cf. gunma, lante, boxfo, cnisa, jinme)
tinsa stiff x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 6f 2 [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity]; (cf. bapli, jdari, nandu, torni, trati, xarnu, danre, stodi)
tirna tin hear x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural 6m 75 (cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)
tirse tir iron x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing] ag 5 [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki)
tirxu tiger x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 ai 0 [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings]; (cf. mlatu)
tisna tis fill 'stuff' x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 6f 35 [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)
titla tit sweet x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 5c 23 (cf. sakta, slari, kurki)
tivni tiv television x1 broadcasts/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 a 17 [also x1 is a broadcaster; x2 programming (mass), program/show (ind.)]; (cf. cradi, skina, vidni, benji, tcana)
tixnu tix ti'u daughter x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] 4b 23 (cf. bersa, panzi)
to'e tol to'e polar opposite polar opposite scalar negator 7x 0 (cf. dukti, natfe, cmavo list na'e, no'e)
toknu tok oven x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 5c 31 (cf. nanba)
toldi tod butterfly x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2 ai 13 (cf. cinki)
tonga tog to'a tone x1 is a tone/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 a 0 (cf. rilti, zgike, janbe, siclu)
tordu tor to'u short x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 9b 31 (cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)
torni ton to'i twist 'torsion' x1 twists under load/force/torsion x2 a 42 (cf. tinsa, trati)
traji rai superlative 'extreme' x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 6k 166 [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 end of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3]; (cf. cmavo list rai, jimte, milxe, mutce, note contrast with milxe and mutce rather than with mleca and zmadu, which are values for x3, banli, curve, fanmo, krasi, manfo, prane)
trano nitrogen x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates ag 1 [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)
trati taut x1 is taut/tense/strained tight in direction x2 a 11 (cf. tinsa, torni, tagji, tcena, kluza)
trene ren re'e train x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 7f 1 [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)]; (cf. tcana)
tricu ric tree x1 is a tree of species/cultivar x2 6c 93 (cf. cindu, ckunu, pezli, mudri, spati)
trina tri attract x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) 7j 45 [also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi)
trixe rix ti'e behind x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 29 [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)
troci toc toi try x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 2n 301 [also experiments at]; (cf. fliba, snada, cipra)
tsali tsa strong x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 7g 42 (cf. ralci, ruble, carmi, vlipa)
tsani tan sky x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] 4h 88 (cf. gapru, kensa, tarci, terdi)
tsapi seasoning x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) 5b 4 [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)]; (cf. vrusi)
tsiju tsi seed x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 5b 135 [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)
tsina sin stage x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 5g 0 (x3 object/event); (cf. greku, jubme)
tu tuf that yonder pro-sumti: that yonder; distant demonstrative it; indicated thing far from speaker & listener 1d 0
tubnu tu'u tube x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 9b 28 [also tube, sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular]; (cf. kevna, canlu)
tugni tug tu'i agree x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 9c 54 (cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)
tujli tuj tulip x1 is a tulip (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2 aj 0 (cf. spati)
tumla tum tu'a land x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain 8d 12 (cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi)
tunba tub sibling x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 4b 5 (cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)
tunka tuk copper x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] 5e 4 (cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)
tunlo tul tu'o swallow x1 gulps/swallows 5c 2 [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre]; (cf. citka, pinxe, galxe)
tunta tun poke 'stab' x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) a 1 [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)
tuple tup tu'e leg x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] 1c 71 (cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)
turni tru govern x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 ab 113 [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)
tutci tci tool x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] 7g 13 (cf. cabra, minji, se pilno, zukte, sazri, basic tool types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga)
tutra tut territory x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 ab 4 (cf. catni, turni, jecta, gugde, ponse, steci, tumla)
va vaz there at location tense distance: near to ... ; there at ...; a medium/small distance from ... 4a 0
vacri var air x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 5g 30 (cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)
vajni vaj vai important 'significant' x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) 8c 87 [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)
valsi val vla word x1 is a word meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) 1b 183 (cf. slaka, bangu, cmavo, cmene, gismu, jufra, rafsi, smuni)
vamji vam va'i value x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 8d 15 [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyva'i, posyselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jdima, jerna, vecnu, dirba, janta, kargu, pleji; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, vajni)
vamtu vat vomit x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion a 1 (x2 is non-gaseous); (cf. rigni, jetce, kafke, sputu)
vanbi vab environment 'ambient' x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 5d 33 [(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)
vanci vac evening x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 3e 60 [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)
vanju van wine x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/grapes x2 2j 21 (cf. barja, birje, xalka, jikru, fusra)
vasru vas vau contain 'vessel' x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 4d 71 [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)
vasxu vax va'u breathe 'vascular' x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] 4d 25 (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)
ve vel 4th conversion 4th conversion; switch 1st/4th places 2a 0
ve'e ve'e whole space interval location tense interval: the whole of space (rafsi is used to represent any space interval) at 0
vecnu ven ve'u sell 'vend' x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 8c 48 [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve'u, posyselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)
venfu vef revenge 'avenge' x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) a 22 [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu)
vensa ves spring 'vernal' x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal 3e 30 (cf. citsi, crisa, critu, dunra)
verba ver ve'a child x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 4b 74 [not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)
vi viz here at location tense distance: here at ... ; at, near, or a very short/tiny distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. stuzi, zvati, jibni)
vibna vib vagina x1 is a/the vagina [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vlagi, mabla)
vidni video x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 ao 18 (cf. skina, ve tivni)
vidru vir virus x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 ai 2 (cf. jurme)
vifne vif fresh (adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled 5c 20 (cf. fusra)
vikmi vim vi'i excrete x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 aa 43 (cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)
viknu vik viscous 'thick' x1 is thick/viscous under conditions x2 6f 7 (cf. denmi, snipa)
vimcu vic vi'u remove x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 7e 43 [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)
vindu vid poison 'venom' x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 a 2 (cf. since)
vinji vij airplane x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 7f 1 (cf. vofli, sabnu)
vipsi vip deputy 'vice' x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 a 7 [also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)
virnu vri brave 'valiant, virtue' x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 4c 46 (cf. terpa, darsi)
viska vis vi'a see 'vision' x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 6m 317 [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)
vitci vit irregular 'intermittent' x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 9b 6 (cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)
vitke vi'e guest 'visit' x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 4d 95 (cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)
vitno vi'o permanent 'eternal' x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] 7j 5 [also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali)
vlagi lag vulva x1 is a/the vulva [body-part] of x2 aa 0 (cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, mabla)
vlile vil violent x1 is an event/state/act of violence 8g 27 (cf. suksa, jursa)
vlina alternation x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true 7a 7 (cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi'a, gu'a)
vlipa vli powerful x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 7g 35 [also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)
vo von 4 digit/number: 4 (digit) 3a 0
vofli vol voi flight 'fly' x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 7f 27 (cf. cipni, klama, vinji)
voksa vok vo'a voice x1 is a voice/speech sound of individual x2 9a 134 (cf. sance, tirna, bacru)
vorme vor vro door x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 2k 113 [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)
vraga vra lever x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 a 4 (cf. tutci, pulni)
vreji rej vei record x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 8c 4 (cf. sorcu, datni, papri)
vreta vre reclining 'rest' x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 an 68 (cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)
vrici miscellaneous 'various' x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) 6f 46 (cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)
vrude vud vu'e virtue x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 2i 12 [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)]; (cf. palci, xamgu, marde, zabna)
vrusi vus vu'i taste 'flavor' x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 6m 5 [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i); vrusi may overlap the senses of taste and smell, since the latter is a significant component of taste]; (cf. kukte, tsapi, cpina)
vu vuz yonder at location tense distance: far from ... ; yonder at ... ; a long distance from ... 4a 0 (cf. darno, cmavo list vi, va)
vukro vur vu'o Ukrainian x1 reflects Ukrainian language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 0 (cf. slovo, softo)
xa xav 6 digit/number: 6 (digit) 3a 0
xabju xa'u dwell 'inhabit' x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 4d 130 (cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)
xadba xab half x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 7e 12 (cf. mulno, pagbu)
xadni xad body x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal 1c 80 (cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)
xagji hunger x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 2j 48 (cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)
xagri reed x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 ak 1 (cf. zgike)
xajmi xam funny 'comic' x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 5g 32 [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)
xaksu xak use up x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] a 31 [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)]; (cf. citka, festi, daspo, livla, pinxe)
xalbo levity 'frivolous' x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) a 18 (cf. junri, linto)
xalka xal alcohol x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3 ah 1 (cf. birje, jikru, vanju)
xalni panic x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state) a 16 (cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)
xamgu xag xau good x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 2i 226 [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)
xampo xap xa'o ampere x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 af 0 (cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xamsi xas sea x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine 6c 45 [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)
xance xan xa'e hand x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] 1c 106 [(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)
xanka nervous 'anxious' x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 9d 24 (cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)
xanri xar imaginary 'unreal' x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 3j 10 [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)
xanto elephant x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2 ai 16 (cf. mabru, barda)
xarci xac xa'i weapon 'arms' x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 a 15 [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)]; (cf. jenmi, sonci, catra)
xarju xaj pig 'hog' x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 ai 1 [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)
xarnu stubborn x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) a 1 [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance]; (cf. tinsa, pante, bapli, fapro)
xasli donkey 'ass' x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2 ai 35 (cf. xirma, kumte)
xasne sweat x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 aa 4 (cf. pinca, vikmi, cigla)
xatra xa'a letter x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 4i 76 (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject'; ciska, mrilu, papri)
xatsi xat 1E-18 metric 'atto' x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xazdo xaz zdo Asiatic x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 ab 3 (cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)
xe xel 5th conversion 5th conversion; switch 1st/5th places 2a 0
xebni xen xei hate x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 2i 55 [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)
xebro xeb bro Hebrew x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 4 (cf. filso)
xecto xet cto 100 metric 'hecto' x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 6 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro)
xedja xej xe'a jaw x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2 1c 17 (cf. stedu)
xekri xek xe'i black x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] 1a 47 (cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)
xelso xes Greek 'Hellas' x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 ab 40 (cf. latmo, ropno)
xendo xed xe'o kind x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3 9c 23 (cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)
xenru xer xe'u regret 'rue' x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 4c 25 [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u'u, zungi)
xexso xex 1E18 metric 'exa' x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro)
xindo xin Hindi x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 ab 12 [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)
xinmo xim ink x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 ao 0 (cf. penbi)
xirma xir xi'a horse x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 ai 29 [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte)
xislu xil xi'u wheel x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 a 6 (cf. carce, karce, pulni, tutci)
xispo xip Hispanic x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 ab 2 [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)
xlali xla bad 'mal-' x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 2i 95 [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)
xlura xlu influence 'lure' x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 7j 24 [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)
xotli xol xoi hotel x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 7f 0 (cf. barja, gusta)
xrabo rab Arabic x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 2 (cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)
xrani xai injure 'hurt' x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) 4c 82 [also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)
xriso xis xi'o Christian x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ac 16 (cf. jegvo, lijda)
xruba xub buckwheat 'rhubarb' x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 aj 3 (cf. spati)
xruki xuk turkey x1 is a turkey [food/bird] of species/breed x2 ai 9 (cf. cipni)
xrula rul flower x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral aj 27 (cf. spati)
xruti xru return x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 7f 49 [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)
xukmi xum xu'i chemical x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 ah 2 (cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)
xunre xun xu'e red x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] 1a 86 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)
xurdo xur xu'o Urdu x1 reflects Urdu language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 ab 1 (cf. kisto, srito, xindo)
xusra xus xu'a assert x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] 3j 91 [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)
xutla xul smooth x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity 6f 4 (cf. plita, rufsu, tengu, dikni, pinta, sakli, spali)
za'i zaz state abstract abstractor: state (event) abstractor; x1 is continuous state of [bridi] being true - (cf. zasni, zasti, tcini)
za'o za'o superfective interval event contour: continuing too long after natural end of ...; superfective | ----> at 0 (cf. dukse)
zabna zan za'a favorable x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 3d 46 (cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)
zajba zaj gymnast x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2 a 0 (cf. sluji, dansu)
zalvi zal grind 'pulverize' x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 a 1 [may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki)
zanru zar zau approve x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) 8d 62 (cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)
zarci zac zai market 'mart' x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 3m 290 [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)
zargu zag za'u buttock 'arse' x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] aa 0 [also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)
zasni zas temporary 'transient' x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 7j 6 [also transient]; (cf. vitno, stodi, cenba, galfi, binxo, stika, stali, tcini, vitke)
zasti zat za'i exist x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 3j 104 [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)
zbabu bab soap x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of soap from source x2 of composition including x3 ah 5 (cf. lumci, fonmo)
zbani bay x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2 6c 6 (cf. lalxu, xamsi)
zbasu zba make x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 7f 217 [should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)
zbepi zbe pedestal 'base' x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 a 1 [pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)
zdani zda nest 'den' x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 4d 280 [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)
zdile zdi amusing 'amused' x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 5g 79 [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for 'funny', kelci)
ze zel 7 digit/number: 7 (digit) 3a 0
ze'e ze'e whole time interval time tense interval: the whole of time (rafsi is used to represent any time interval) at 0
ze'o zev ze'o outward location tense relation/direction; beyond/outward/receding from ... at 0
zekri zer zei crime x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 8d 24 [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)
zenba zen ze'a increase 'augment' x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 a 35 (cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)
zepti zep 1E-21 'zepto' x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro)
zetro zet 1E21 'zetta' x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) ae 0 (cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti)
zgana zga observe x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 6m 189 [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)
zgike zgi gi'e music x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) 5g 55 [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)
zi'o zil nonexistent it pro-sumti: fills a sumti place, deleting it from selbri place structure;changes selbri semantics
zifre zif zi'e free x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 8e 21 [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)
zinki zin zi'i zinc x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal] ag 2 (cf. jinme)
zirpu zir zi'u purple x1 is purple/violet [color adjective] 1a 6 (cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre)
zivle ziv vle invest x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) 8d 4 [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse)
zmadu zma mau more x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 6k 248 [also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)
zmiku zmi automatic x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3 7g 1 (cf. macnu)
zo'a zon zo'a tangential to location tense relation/direction; tangential to/passing by ... at 0 (cf. pencu, tanjo)
zo'i zor zo'i inward location tense relation/direction; nearer than .../inward/approaching from ... at 0 (cf. nenri, setca)
zu'o zum activity abstract abstractor: activity (event) abstractor; x1 is abstract activity of [bridi] composed of x2 - (cf. zukte)
zukte zuk zu'e act x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 2e 148 [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)
zumri zmu maize x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 aj 8 (cf. gurni)
zungi zug guilt x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction) 9d 1 (cf. cmavo list .u'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)
zunle zul left x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 1e 38 [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)
zunti zun zu'i interfere 'hinder' x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) a 39 [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)
zutse zut tse sit x1 sits [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 1g 178 (cf. stizu, cpana, vreta)
zvati zva at x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location) 4d 184 [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)